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      ],
      "title": "Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Unescaped Galaxy Cluster Tag Names in MISP Default Theme Galaxies Index",
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                  "The Co-Authored-By line for Claude Opus 4.8 is treated as a remediation developer credit per the supplied metadata; it is unclear whether this represents an AI-assisted contribution or a human developer using AI tooling."
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                "patchSummary": "In app/View/Galaxies/index.ctp, two lines that built $tagSampleHTML via sprintf and implode over the unknownCustomClustersSamples and unknownDefaultClustersSamples arrays were modified to wrap each array with array_map(\u0027h\u0027, ...) before the implode. This causes every element to pass through CakePHP\u0027s h() helper (HTML entity encoding) prior to concatenation into the \u003cli\u003e list markup. No other logic, routing, or authorization changes were made.",
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                "fixSummary": "The fix adds an unset($report[\u0027id\u0027]) call in the EventReport processing loop within processModuleResultsData, immediately before the event_id assignment and save() call. This ensures that any client-supplied id field is stripped from the report data, forcing the ORM to perform an insert (new report) rather than an update (existing report), consistent with the existing behavior of the attribute and object loops in the same method.",
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                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/4c1a03b20.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Strip the client id from module-result event"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix replaces the allowlist-style HTTP method checks (is POST or PUT) with a denylist approach (is NOT GET) in all three security-critical branches of the login() function. This ensures that every non-GET HTTP method\u2014regardless of whether it is POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, or any other\u2014triggers the bruteforce protection, email OTP verification, and login-failure logging code paths, closing the method-based bypass.\u003c/p\u003e"
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      ],
      "title": "MISP: HTTP Method Bypass of Login Security Controls (Bruteforce Protection and Email OTP)",
      "x_gcve": [
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          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
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                  "The exact affected version range is not explicitly stated in the patch; the tag_version_boundary metadata indicates v2.5.47 with 143 commits after the fix, suggesting the fix landed shortly after 2.5.47, but the precise last-affected and first-fixed versions are not confirmed.",
                  "The CAPEC-1 mapping is the closest available pattern; the actual attack vector (HTTP method substitution) is a form of request parameter manipulation that does not have a dedicated CAPEC entry, so CAPEC-1 is used as the best approximation.",
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                    "rationale": "The attacker modifies a parameter of the authentication request (the HTTP method) to alter which security checks are executed, effectively modifying the authentication logic at runtime. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed bypass. Uncertainty: CAPEC-1 typically refers to modifying authentication logic in a more direct sense (e.g., altering credential checks), whereas here the modification is via the HTTP method header. However, no other CAPEC more precisely captures the act of altering a request attribute to skip authentication security controls."
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                "patchSummary": "Three conditional expressions in UsersController::login() were changed. (1) The bruteforce-protection guard changed from $this-\u003erequest-\u003eis([\u0027post\u0027,\u0027put\u0027]) to !$this-\u003erequest-\u003eis([\u0027get\u0027]). (2) The email-OTP guard changed from $this-\u003erequest-\u003eis(\u0027post\u0027) to !$this-\u003erequest-\u003eis([\u0027get\u0027]). (3) The login-failure handling guard changed from $this-\u003erequest-\u003eis(\u0027post\u0027) || $this-\u003erequest-\u003eis(\u0027put\u0027) to !$this-\u003erequest-\u003eis(\u0027get\u0027). All three changes invert the logic from an explicit allowlist of methods to a denylist that excludes only GET, so that any other HTTP method is treated as a state-changing login attempt subject to all security controls.",
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    "assignerShortName": "CIRCL",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-94394",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-21T13:25:40.360Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-21T13:25:38.483Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T14:48:16.963Z",
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          {
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-94401",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-21T14:35:17.511576Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
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        "providerMetadata": {
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "modules": [
            "app/Model/Event.php (addMISPExportFile)"
          ],
          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
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          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
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              "version": "0",
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      "credits": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 5 (1M context)"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
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          "supportingMedia": [
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP has a file-handling vulnerability that could let certain authenticated users make the server read files or access internal network services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen importing an XML file, MISP did not properly verify that the uploaded content was actually XML. Because of this, a user with permission to modify data could upload a file containing a local file path or a web address instead.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf a local file path was supplied, MISP could read that file from the server. If a URL was supplied, MISP could make a request to that address, including systems that may only be reachable from inside the organization\u2019s network.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability could therefore expose sensitive local files and allow unauthorized requests to internal services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExploitation required a valid MISP account with modify permissions, but no additional user interaction was needed.\u003c/p\u003eVersion affected: \u0026lt;2.5.47"
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          ],
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      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-126",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-126 Server Side Request Forgery"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-2",
          "descriptions": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-2 Parameter Manipulation"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.3,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-918",
              "description": "CWE-918 Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-73",
              "description": "CWE-73 External Control of File Name or Path",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T13:36:13.066Z",
        "orgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
        "shortName": "CIRCL"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/d5f247b91"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
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              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix introduces two defensive measures in addMISPExportFile(): (1) a pre-parse validation that rejects any uploaded content not containing an XML document marker (the \u0027\u0026lt;\u0027 character), preventing path or URL strings from reaching the XML parser; and (2) an explicit readFile =\u0026gt; false option passed to Xml::build(), which disables the library\u0027s ability to interpret the input as a file path or URL to be read or fetched. Together these changes ensure that only genuine XML document content is parsed and that no server-side file access or network request is triggered by user-supplied data.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The fix introduces two defensive measures in addMISPExportFile(): (1) a pre-parse validation that rejects any uploaded content not containing an XML document marker (the \u0027\u003c\u0027 character), preventing path or URL strings from reaching the XML parser; and (2) an explicit readFile =\u003e false option passed to Xml::build(), which disables the library\u0027s ability to interpret the input as a file path or URL to be read or fetched. Together these changes ensure that only genuine XML document content is parsed and that no server-side file access or network request is triggered by user-supplied data."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Arbitrary Local File Read and SSRF via MISP Export Upload",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "source": "ollama"
                    }
                  ],
                  "review_status": "review",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
                    "ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The commit message states the vulnerability was \u0027found during the internal review, not externally reported,\u0027 so no external finder or reporter credit is assigned. The internal reviewer\u0027s identity is not specified in the patch metadata.",
                  "The affected version range is inferred from the tag_version_boundary (v2.5.47 with 40 commits after the fix), but exact affected and fixed version numbers are not stated in the patch. The boundary is recorded as a reference point only.",
                  "PR:L assumes that perm_modify is a non-administrative, commonly granted role in MISP deployments. If perm_modify is equivalent to full administrative access in some configurations, PR could be elevated to PR:H.",
                  "The CAPEC-2 mapping is a broader, secondary pattern included for completeness; CAPEC-126 is the primary and most specific match. The uncertainty is noted in the CAPEC-2 rationale.",
                  "The commit message references an operator-precedence issue in Xml::build()\u0027s readFile guard not covering the https branch. This is taken as evidence from the commit message and patch comments; the actual Xml utility source is not included in the patch, so the exact mechanism of the https bypass is assumed rather than verified.",
                  "CVSS SC:H assumes the SSRF can reach internal services with sensitive data. If the deployment restricts outbound network access, SC could be reduced."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-126",
                    "rationale": "The patch explicitly describes the SSRF vector: an .xml upload containing a URL causes MISP to fetch that URL and import the result. CAPEC-126 describes an attacker manipulating a server-side application to make it issue requests to unintended targets, which is exactly the attack demonstrated here. The local-file-read aspect is a secondary manifestation of the same root cause (unvalidated input passed to a function that resolves locators) and is subsumed by the SSRF pattern in this context."
                  },
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-2",
                    "rationale": "The attacker manipulates the content parameter of the MISP export upload to supply a file path or URL instead of a valid XML document. CAPEC-2 covers the general technique of altering application parameters to trigger unintended behavior. This is a secondary mapping; CAPEC-126 is the more specific and primary pattern. The uncertainty is that CAPEC-2 is broader and less precise than CAPEC-126 for this specific vulnerability."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "d5f247b91ad3e8ea86feaaa587bf0466c95ea996",
                "confidence": "high",
                "credits": [
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                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5 (1M context)"
                  }
                ],
                "cvssRationale": "AV:N: exploitation occurs over the network via the MISP web interface. AC:L: the attack is deterministic; uploading a file with a path or URL as content reliably triggers the read/fetch. AT:N: no special target-side conditions are required. PR:L: the attacker needs an authenticated account with perm_modify (a non-privileged but authenticated role). UI:N: the attacker performs the upload autonomously; no victim interaction is needed. VC:H: arbitrary local file read exposes sensitive server data (credentials, configs, keys). VI:N: the imported data is stored as an event but does not corrupt application state or logic. VA:N: no denial-of-service impact is indicated. SC:H: the SSRF component allows the attacker to read responses from internal services (metadata endpoints, admin panels, etc.), impacting subsequent-component confidentiality. SI:N and SA:N: no evidence of integrity or availability impact on subsequent components from the patch evidence.",
                "fixSummary": "The fix introduces two defensive measures in addMISPExportFile(): (1) a pre-parse validation that rejects any uploaded content not containing an XML document marker (the \u0027\u003c\u0027 character), preventing path or URL strings from reaching the XML parser; and (2) an explicit readFile =\u003e false option passed to Xml::build(), which disables the library\u0027s ability to interpret the input as a file path or URL to be read or fetched. Together these changes ensure that only genuine XML document content is parsed and that no server-side file access or network request is triggered by user-supplied data.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-21T13:28:43.719596Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
                    {
                      "agreementScore": 9,
                      "assumptionCount": 6,
                      "confidence": "high",
                      "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "score": 5
                    }
                  ],
                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "004f65b4d416b8e01f8b713a982a9b4d808e454c40cd74cc94d36137eb1b2845",
                "patchSummary": "In app/Model/Event.php, the single line calling Xml::toArray(Xml::build($data)) is replaced with a guard clause that throws an Exception if strpos($data, \u0027\u003c\u0027) === false, followed by Xml::toArray(Xml::build($data, [\u0027readFile\u0027 =\u003e false])). Nine lines are added (including a four-line explanatory comment) and one line is removed. No other files are modified.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "d5f247b91ad3e8ea86feaaa587bf0466c95ea996",
                    "patchSha256": "004f65b4d416b8e01f8b713a982a9b4d808e454c40cd74cc94d36137eb1b2845",
                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/d5f247b91.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/d5f247b91.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Refuse a MISP export upload whose content is"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/d5f247b91.patch",
                "subject": "fix: [security] Refuse a MISP export upload whose content is",
                "tagVersionBoundary": {
                  "commits_after_fix": 40,
                  "repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
                  "tag": "v2.5.47",
                  "version": "2.5.47",
                  "version_type": "semver"
                },
                "weaknessRationale": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-918",
                    "rationale": "The primary and most severe impact is that an attacker-supplied URL in the uploaded file body causes the MISP server to issue an HTTP request to an arbitrary internal or external address and import the response. This is a textbook SSRF: user-controlled input is used as a network request target by the server."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-73",
                    "rationale": "The secondary impact is that a user-supplied local file path in the uploaded file body is passed to Xml::build() which reads that file from the server\u0027s filesystem. The attacker controls the file path that the server reads, matching CWE-73. CWE-22 (Path Traversal) was considered but the input is not a relative traversal sequence; it is an absolute path chosen by the attacker, making CWE-73 the more precise mapping."
                  }
                ]
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          "recordType": "advisory",
          "vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20056"
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    "assignerShortName": "CIRCL",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-94401",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-21T13:36:13.066Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-21T13:36:11.048Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T14:48:16.804Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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