Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-325
AllowedMissing Cryptographic Step
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by the algorithm.
105 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-46129 (GCVE-0-2023-46129)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-30 23:47 – Updated: 2025-02-27 20:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xkeys Seal encryption used fixed key for all encryption
Summary
NATS.io is a high performance open source pub-sub distributed communication technology, built for the cloud, on-premise, IoT, and edge computing. The cryptographic key handling library, nkeys, recently gained support for encryption, not just for signing/authentication. This is used in nats-server 2.10 (Sep 2023) and newer for authentication callouts. In nkeys versions 0.4.0 through 0.4.5, corresponding with NATS server versions 2.10.0 through 2.10.3, the nkeys library's `xkeys` encryption handling logic mistakenly passed an array by value into an internal function, where the function mutated that buffer to populate the encryption key to use. As a result, all encryption was actually to an all-zeros key. This affects encryption only, not signing.
FIXME: FILL IN IMPACT ON NATS-SERVER AUTH CALLOUT SECURITY. nkeys Go library 0.4.6, corresponding with NATS Server 2.10.4, has a patch for this issue. No known workarounds are available. For any application handling auth callouts in Go, if using the nkeys library, update the dependency, recompile and deploy that in lockstep.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-26 21:50 UTC
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-40012 (GCVE-0-2023-40012)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-08-09 15:33 – Updated: 2024-10-03 15:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
uthenticode EKU validation bypass
Summary
uthenticode is a small cross-platform library for partially verifying Authenticode digital signatures. Versions of uthenticode prior to the 2.x series did not check Extended Key Usages in certificates, in violation of the Authenticode X.509 certificate profile. As a result, a malicious user could produce a "signed" PE file that uthenticode would verify and consider valid using an X.509 certificate that isn't entitled to produce code signatures (e.g., a SSL certificate). By design, uthenticode does not perform full-chain validation. However, the absence of EKU validation was an unintended oversight. The 2.0.0 release series includes EKU checks. There are no workarounds to this vulnerability.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-03 15:15 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/trailofbits/uthenticode/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/trailofbits/uthenticode/pull/78 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/trailofbits/uthenticode/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| trailofbits | uthenticode |
Affected:
< 2.0.0
|
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CVE-2023-39199 (GCVE-0-2023-39199)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 23:06 – Updated: 2024-09-19 13:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Cryptographic issues with In-Meeting Chat for some Zoom clients may allow a privileged user to conduct an information disclosure via network access.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-29 15:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoom Video Communications, Inc. | Zoom Clients |
Affected:
see references
|
Date Public
2023-11-14 16:00
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CVE-2023-36539 (GCVE-0-2023-36539)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-30 02:01 – Updated: 2024-10-28 13:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Exposure of information intended to be encrypted by some Zoom clients may lead to disclosure of sensitive information.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-28 13:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoom Video Communications, Inc. | Zoom clients |
Affected:
See references link for ZSB-23025
|
Date Public
2023-06-30 02:00
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CVE-2023-34471 (GCVE-0-2023-34471)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-07-05 18:05 – Updated: 2024-11-21 14:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing Cryptographic Step
Summary
AMI SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where a user may cause a missing cryptographic step by generating a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC). A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to the loss confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-21 14:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-325 - "Missing Cryptographic Step”
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMI | MegaRAC_SPx |
Affected:
12 , < 12.2
(RC)
|
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CVE-2023-28999 (GCVE-0-2023-28999)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-04 12:51 – Updated: 2025-02-11 16:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nextcloud: Lack of authenticity of metadata keys allows a malicious server to gain access to E2EE folders
Summary
Nextcloud is an open-source productivity platform. In Nextcloud Desktop client 3.0.0 until 3.8.0, Nextcloud Android app 3.13.0 until 3.25.0, and Nextcloud iOS app 3.0.5 until 4.8.0, a malicious server administrator can gain full access to an end-to-end encrypted folder. They can decrypt files, recover the folder structure and add new files. This issue is fixed in Nextcloud Desktop 3.8.0, Nextcloud Android 3.25.0, and Nextcloud iOS 4.8.0. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-11 16:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/pull/5560 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, < 3.8.0
Affected: >= 3.13.0, < 3.25.0 Affected: >= 3.0.5, < 4.8.0 |
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CVE-2023-28998 (GCVE-0-2023-28998)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-04 12:45 – Updated: 2025-02-11 15:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nextcloud Desktop client misbehaves with E2EE when the server returns empty list of metadata keys
Summary
The Nextcloud Desktop Client is a tool to synchronize files from Nextcloud Server. Starting with version 3.0.0 and prior to version 3.6.5, a malicious server administrator can gain full access to an end-to-end encrypted folder. They can decrypt files, recover the folder structure, and add new files. Users should upgrade the Nextcloud Desktop client to 3.6.5 to receive a patch. No known workarounds are available.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-11 15:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/desktop/pull/5323 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
>= 3.0.0, < 3.6.5
|
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CVE-2022-30115 (GCVE-0-2022-30115)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-01 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 06:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Using its HSTS support, curl can be instructed to use HTTPS directly insteadof using an insecure clear-text HTTP step even when HTTP is provided in theURL. This mechanism could be bypassed if the host name in the given URL used atrailing dot while not using one when it built the HSTS cache. Or the otherway around - by having the trailing dot in the HSTS cache and *not* using thetrailing dot in the URL.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Required Cryptographic Step (CWE-325)
Assigner
References
5 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | https://github.com/curl/curl |
Affected:
Fixed in 7.83.1
|
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CVE-2022-29229 (GCVE-0-2022-29229)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-18 20:55 – Updated: 2025-04-23 18:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing Cryptographic Step in cassproject
Summary
CaSS is a Competency and Skills System. CaSS Library, (npm:cassproject) has a missing cryptographic step when storing cryptographic keys that can allow a server administrator access to an account’s cryptographic keys. This affects CaSS servers using standalone username/password authentication, which uses a method that expects e2e cryptographic security of authorization credentials. The issue has been patched in 1.5.8, however, the vulnerable accounts are only resecured when the user next logs in using standalone authentication, as the data required to resecure the account is not available to the server. The issue may be mitigated by using SSO or client side certificates to log in. Please note that SSO and client side certificate authentication does not have this expectation of no-knowledge credential access, and cryptographic keys are available to the server administrator.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-23 14:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cassproject/CASS/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cassproject/CASS/releases/tag/1.5.8 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cassproject | CASS |
Affected:
< 1.5.8
|
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CVE-2022-20793 (GCVE-0-2022-20793)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-11-15 15:34 – Updated: 2024-11-15 21:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Touch 10 Device Insufficient Identity Verification Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in pairing process of Cisco TelePresence CE Software and RoomOS Software for Cisco Touch 10 Devices could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to impersonate a legitimate device and pair with an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient identity verification. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by impersonating a legitimate device and responding to the pairing broadcast from an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access the affected device while impersonating a legitimate device.There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-15 21:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-325 - Missing Required Cryptographic Step
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco RoomOS Software |
Affected:
N/A
|
|
| Cisco | Cisco TelePresence Endpoint Software (TC/CE) |
Affected:
CE9.10.2
Affected: CE9.1.4 Affected: CE9.10.3 Affected: CE9.1.5 Affected: CE9.10.1 Affected: CE9.13.0 Affected: CE9.1.1 Affected: CE9.9.4 Affected: CE9.2.1 Affected: CE9.1.3 Affected: CE9.1.6 Affected: CE9.12.3 Affected: CE9.13.1 Affected: CE9.12.4 Affected: CE9.14.3 Affected: CE9.14.4 Affected: CE9.13.2 Affected: CE9.12.5 Affected: CE9.14.5 Affected: CE9.15.0.10 Affected: CE9.15.0.11 Affected: CE9.13.3 Affected: CE9.15.0.13 Affected: CE9.14.6 Affected: CE9.15.3.17 Affected: CE9.14.7 Affected: CE9.15.0.19 Affected: CE9.15.3.19 Affected: CE9.15.3.18 Affected: CE9.0.1 Affected: CE9.2.2 Affected: CE9.1.2 Affected: CE9.9.3 Affected: CE9.2.4 Affected: CE9.2.3 Affected: CE9.15.3.22 Affected: CE9.15.8.12 Affected: CE9.15.10.8 Affected: CE9.15.3.26 Affected: CE9.15.3.25 Affected: CE9.15.13.0 |
|
| cisco | roomos |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:cisco:roomos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| cisco | telepresence_tc_software |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:telepresence_tc_software:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| cisco | telepresence_ce_software |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:cisco:telepresence_ce_software:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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},
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No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-68: Subvert Code-signing Facilities
Many languages use code signing facilities to vouch for code's identity and to thus tie code to its assigned privileges within an environment. Subverting this mechanism can be instrumental in an attacker escalating privilege. Any means of subverting the way that a virtual machine enforces code signing classifies for this style of attack.