Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-325

Allowed

Missing Cryptographic Step

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by the algorithm.

106 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2018-5383 (GCVE-0-2018-5383)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-08-07 21:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 20:36
VLAI
Title
Bluetooth implementations may not sufficiently validate elliptic curve parameters during Diffie-Hellman key exchange
Summary
Bluetooth firmware or operating system software drivers in macOS versions before 10.13, High Sierra and iOS versions before 11.4, and Android versions before the 2018-06-05 patch may not sufficiently validate elliptic curve parameters used to generate public keys during a Diffie-Hellman key exchange, which may allow a remote attacker to obtain the encryption key used by the device.
CWE
References
URL Tags
http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~biham/BT/ x_refsource_MISC
http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041432 vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACK
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/304725 third-party-advisoryx_refsource_CERT-VN
https://www.bluetooth.com/news/unknown/2018/07/bl… x_refsource_CONFIRM
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104879 vdb-entryx_refsource_BID
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019… mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2169 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/ vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
https://usn.ubuntu.com/4095-2/ vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
https://usn.ubuntu.com/4095-1/ vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/ vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
https://usn.ubuntu.com/4351-1/ vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apple macOS Affected: 10.13 High Sierra , < 10.13.6 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Apple iOS Affected: 11 , < 11.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Android Open Source Project Android Affected: unspecified , < 2018-06-05 patch level (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2018-07-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2017-2603 (GCVE-0-2017-2603)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-15 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 14:02
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins before versions 2.44, 2.32.2 is vulnerable to a user data leak in disconnected agents' config.xml API. This could leak sensitive data such as API tokens (SECURITY-362).
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
[UNKNOWN] jenkins Affected: jenkins 2.44
Affected: jenkins 2.32.2
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2017-02-01 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2017-2600 (GCVE-0-2017-2600)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-15 20:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 14:02
VLAI
Summary
In jenkins before versions 2.44, 2.32.2 node monitor data could be viewed by low privilege users via the remote API. These included system configuration and runtime information of these nodes (SECURITY-343).
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
[UNKNOWN] jenkins Affected: jenkins 2.44
Affected: jenkins 2.32.2
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2017-02-01 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2017-2598 (GCVE-0-2017-2598)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-05-23 13:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 14:02
VLAI
Summary
Jenkins before versions 2.44, 2.32.2 uses AES ECB block cipher mode without IV for encrypting secrets which makes Jenkins and the stored secrets vulnerable to unnecessary risks (SECURITY-304).
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
[UNKNOWN] jenkins Affected: jenkins 2.44
Affected: jenkins 2.32.2
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2017-02-01 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2016-9574 (GCVE-0-2016-9574)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-07-19 13:00 – Updated: 2024-08-06 02:59
VLAI
Summary
nss before version 3.30 is vulnerable to a remote denial of service during the session handshake when using SessionTicket extension and ECDHE-ECDSA.
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
[UNKNOWN] nss Affected: nss 3.30
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2016-11-28 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2015-20112 (GCVE-0-2015-20112)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-29 00:00 – Updated: 2025-06-30 15:44
VLAI
Summary
RLPx 5 has two CTR streams based on the same key, IV, and nonce. This can facilitate decryption on a private network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-30 15:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-325 - Missing Cryptographic Step
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ethereum RLPx Affected: 5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "vendor": "Ethereum",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "RLPx 5 has two CTR streams based on the same key, IV, and nonce. This can facilitate decryption on a private network."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 3.4,
            "baseSeverity": "LOW",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-325",
              "description": "CWE-325 Missing Cryptographic Step",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-06-29T20:31:02.205Z",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/issues/7926"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/1315"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/blob/master/rlpx.md#known-issues-in-the-current-version"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/LaurentMT/go-ethereum/commit/e8cba7283b57280b1bcf5761478f852398365901"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/ethereum/devp2p/issues/32"
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "enrichogram 0.0.1"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2015-20112",
    "datePublished": "2025-06-29T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-06-29T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-06-30T15:44:44.955Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

GHSA-296V-W233-RG6J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-05 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:23
VLAI
Details

AMI SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where a user may cause a missing cryptographic step by generating a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC). A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to the loss confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-34471"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-325"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-05T19:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\n AMI SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where a user may cause a missing cryptographic step by generating a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC). A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to the loss confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-296v-w233-rg6j",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:23:59Z",
  "published": "2023-07-05T21:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34471"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://9443417.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/9443417/Security%20Advisories/AMI-SA-2023006.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2G56-7JV7-WXXQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:37 – Updated: 2024-03-05 00:31
VLAI
Summary
Missing Cryptographic Step in OWASP Enterprise Security API for Java
Details

The authenticated-encryption feature in the symmetric-encryption implementation in the OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) for Java 2.x before 2.1.0.1 does not properly resist tampering with serialized ciphertext, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass intended cryptographic protection mechanisms via an attack against the intended cipher mode in a non-default configuration, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-5679.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.1.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.owasp.esapi:esapi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-5960"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-325"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-08T19:39:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-09-30T17:09:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The authenticated-encryption feature in the symmetric-encryption implementation in the OWASP Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) for Java 2.x before 2.1.0.1 does not properly resist tampering with serialized ciphertext, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass intended cryptographic protection mechanisms via an attack against the intended cipher mode in a non-default configuration, a different vulnerability than CVE-2013-5679.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g56-7jv7-wxxq",
  "modified": "2024-03-05T00:31:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:37:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-5960"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/issues/359"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/esapi/esapi-java-legacy/issues/306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/commit/b7cbc53f9cc967cf1a5a9463d8c6fef9ed6ef4f7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/blob/master/documentation/esapi4java-core-2.1.0.1-release-notes.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://code.google.com/p/owasp-esapi-java/issues/detail?id=306"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.owasp.org/pipermail/esapi-dev/2013-August/002285.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://owasp-esapi-java.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/documentation/ESAPI-security-bulletin1.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Missing Cryptographic Step in OWASP Enterprise Security API for Java"
}

GHSA-2J43-X625-HW9Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-12 12:31
VLAI
Details

A Missing Required Cryptographic Step vulnerability has been identified in Moxa's embedded Linux firmware for industrial computers and controllers. This vulnerability represents an incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-0714. The firmware introduced TPM2 parameter encryption as a countermeasure against CVE-2026-0714. However, an omission in the authorization session configuration causes the parameter encryption to provide no effective protection. An attacker with invasive physical access to the device can still capture TPM communications on the SPI bus and derive the LUKS disk encryption key in plaintext. While successful exploitation results in full compromise of the encrypted disk volume, the attack requires invasive physical access, including opening the device and attaching external equipment to the SPI bus. Remote exploitation is not possible, and the attack does not affect any downstream systems.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-9266"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-325"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T11:16:23Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Missing Required Cryptographic Step vulnerability has been identified in Moxa\u0027s embedded Linux firmware for industrial computers and controllers. This vulnerability represents an incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-0714. The firmware introduced TPM2 parameter encryption as a countermeasure against CVE-2026-0714. However, an omission in the authorization session configuration causes the parameter encryption to provide no effective protection.\u00a0An attacker with invasive physical access to the device can still capture TPM communications on the SPI bus and derive the LUKS disk encryption key in plaintext. While successful exploitation results in full compromise of the encrypted disk volume, the attack requires invasive physical access, including opening the device and attaching external equipment to the SPI bus. Remote exploitation is not possible, and the attack does not affect any downstream systems.",
  "id": "GHSA-2j43-x625-hw9q",
  "modified": "2026-06-12T12:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-06-12T12:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9266"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/mpsa-266240-cve-2026-9266-missing-required-cryptographic-step-vulnerability-in-industrial-computers"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2W8X-224X-785M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-17 06:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 14:36
VLAI
Summary
sjcl is missing point-on-curve validation in sjcl.ecc.basicKey.publicKey
Details

All versions of the package sjcl are vulnerable to Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature due to missing point-on-curve validation in sjcl.ecc.basicKey.publicKey(). An attacker can recover a victim's ECDH private key by sending crafted off-curve public keys and observing ECDH outputs. The dhJavaEc() function directly returns the raw x-coordinate of the scalar multiplication result (no hashing), providing a plaintext oracle without requiring any decryption feedback.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.8"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "sjcl"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.9"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4258"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-325",
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T16:10:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-17T06:16:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "All versions of the package sjcl are vulnerable to Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature due to missing point-on-curve validation in sjcl.ecc.basicKey.publicKey(). An attacker can recover a victim\u0027s ECDH private key by sending crafted off-curve public keys and observing ECDH outputs. The dhJavaEc() function directly returns the raw x-coordinate of the scalar multiplication result (no hashing), providing a plaintext oracle without requiring any decryption feedback.",
  "id": "GHSA-2w8x-224x-785m",
  "modified": "2026-03-25T14:36:28Z",
  "published": "2026-03-17T06:31:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bitwiseshiftleft/sjcl/commit/ee307459972442a17beebc29dc331fffd8aff796"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/Kr0emer/2560f98edb10b0b34f2438cd63913c47"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/bitwiseshiftleft/sjcl"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bitwiseshiftleft/sjcl/blob/master/core/ecc.js#L454-L461"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-SJCL-15369617"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "sjcl is missing point-on-curve validation in sjcl.ecc.basicKey.publicKey"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-68: Subvert Code-signing Facilities

Many languages use code signing facilities to vouch for code's identity and to thus tie code to its assigned privileges within an environment. Subverting this mechanism can be instrumental in an attacker escalating privilege. Any means of subverting the way that a virtual machine enforces code signing classifies for this style of attack.