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              "value": "Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Erlang OTP \u003ctt\u003eerts\u003c/tt\u003e (\u003ctt\u003eepmd\u003c/tt\u003e) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to permanently terminate the Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd) via connection slot exhaustion.\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ctt\u003edo_accept\u003c/tt\u003e function in \u003ctt\u003eerts/epmd/src/epmd_srv.c\u003c/tt\u003e calls \u003ctt\u003eepmd_cleanup_exit()\u003c/tt\u003e when \u003ctt\u003eaccept(2)\u003c/tt\u003e returns \u003ctt\u003eEMFILE\u003c/tt\u003e (per-process file descriptor limit reached) or \u003ctt\u003eENFILE\u003c/tt\u003e (system-wide file descriptor limit reached), rather than treating these as recoverable conditions. An attacker can exhaust epmd\u0027s file descriptor slots by holding many TCP connections open while periodically sending a single byte to reset the idle timeout, then causing \u003ctt\u003eaccept(2)\u003c/tt\u003e to return \u003ctt\u003eEMFILE\u003c/tt\u003e, which kills the daemon. epmd has no per-source-IP connection cap, making the attack feasible from a single source.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOn Debian/Ubuntu default packaging the impact is amplified: the systemd unit inherits a low file descriptor soft limit, and repeated daemon deaths trigger systemd\u0027s start-rate-limit, permanently failing both \u003ctt\u003eepmd.service\u003c/tt\u003e and \u003ctt\u003eepmd.socket\u003c/tt\u003e and requiring manual operator intervention to recover.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;29.0.4, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.4 and OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.15.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eClassic buffer overflow in the Erlang/OTP megaco flex scanner C driver allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt the driver\u0027s memory (and potentially achieve remote code execution or a denial-of-service crash) by sending a single text-encoded H.248/Megaco message containing an oversized property parm name.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen tokenizing a Local/Remote descriptor, \u003ccode\u003emfs_load_property_groups\u003c/code\u003e extracts the attacker-controlled property name (bounded only by the message length) and, when no value follows, formats it into a fixed 512-byte \u003ccode\u003eerror_msg\u003c/code\u003e field of the \u003ccode\u003eMfsErlDrvData\u003c/code\u003e struct using an unchecked \u003ccode\u003esprintf\u003c/code\u003e call. Names longer than roughly 452 bytes overflow into the immediately following struct fields (\u003ccode\u003etext_buf\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003etext_ptr\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eterm_spec\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eterm_spec_size\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eterm_spec_index\u003c/code\u003e), overwriting live pointers and counters with attacker-chosen bytes. Subsequent scanner code writes and frees through the corrupted pointers, producing arbitrary write and arbitrary free primitives inside the BEAM VM process, which can be leveraged for remote code execution. On builds compiled with \u003ccode\u003e_FORTIFY_SOURCE\u003c/code\u003e the overflow is detected at runtime and terminates the process with \u003ccode\u003eSIGABRT\u003c/code\u003e, resulting in denial of service.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe overflow occurs in the flex scanner before any grammar or Megaco-level authentication processing, so exploitation requires only network reachability to the megaco transport port on a node configured with \u003ccode\u003e{scanner, flex}\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ccode\u003elib/megaco/src/flex/megaco_flex_scanner_drv.flex.src\u003c/code\u003e and program routines \u003ccode\u003emfs_load_property_groups\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.15, from OTP\u0026nbsp;28.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.4, and from OTP\u0026nbsp;29.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;29.0.4, corresponding to megaco from 3.17.1 before 4.7.2.2, from 4.8 before 4.8.3.1, and from 4.9 before 4.9.1. Whether OTP before OTP\u0026nbsp;17.0, corresponding to megaco before 3.17.1, is affected is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "Classic buffer overflow in the Erlang/OTP megaco flex scanner C driver allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt the driver\u0027s memory (and potentially achieve remote code execution or a denial-of-service crash) by sending a single text-encoded H.248/Megaco message containing an oversized property parm name.\n\nWhen tokenizing a Local/Remote descriptor, `mfs_load_property_groups` extracts the attacker-controlled property name (bounded only by the message length) and, when no value follows, formats it into a fixed 512-byte `error_msg` field of the `MfsErlDrvData` struct using an unchecked `sprintf` call. Names longer than roughly 452 bytes overflow into the immediately following struct fields (`text_buf`, `text_ptr`, `term_spec`, `term_spec_size`, `term_spec_index`), overwriting live pointers and counters with attacker-chosen bytes. Subsequent scanner code writes and frees through the corrupted pointers, producing arbitrary write and arbitrary free primitives inside the BEAM VM process, which can be leveraged for remote code execution. On builds compiled with `_FORTIFY_SOURCE` the overflow is detected at runtime and terminates the process with `SIGABRT`, resulting in denial of service.\n\nThe overflow occurs in the flex scanner before any grammar or Megaco-level authentication processing, so exploitation requires only network reachability to the megaco transport port on a node configured with `{scanner, flex}`.\n\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files `lib/megaco/src/flex/megaco_flex_scanner_drv.flex.src` and program routines `mfs_load_property_groups`.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u00a017.0 before OTP\u00a027.3.4.15, from OTP\u00a028.0 before OTP\u00a028.5.0.4, and from OTP\u00a029.0 before OTP\u00a029.0.4, corresponding to megaco from 3.17.1 before 4.7.2.2, from 4.8 before 4.8.3.1, and from 4.9 before 4.9.1. Whether OTP before OTP\u00a017.0, corresponding to megaco before 3.17.1, is affected is unknown."
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          "value": "Classic buffer overflow in the Erlang/OTP megaco flex scanner C driver allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt the driver\u0027s memory (and potentially achieve remote code execution or a denial-of-service crash) by sending a single text-encoded H.248/Megaco message containing an oversized property parm name.\n\nWhen tokenizing a Local/Remote descriptor, mfs_load_property_groups extracts the attacker-controlled property name (bounded only by the message length) and, when no value follows, formats it into a fixed 512-byte error_msg field of the MfsErlDrvData struct using an unchecked sprintf call. Names longer than roughly 452 bytes overflow into the immediately following struct fields (text_buf, text_ptr, term_spec, term_spec_size, term_spec_index), overwriting live pointers and counters with attacker-chosen bytes. Subsequent scanner code writes and frees through the corrupted pointers, producing arbitrary write and arbitrary free primitives inside the BEAM VM process, which can be leveraged for remote code execution. On builds compiled with _FORTIFY_SOURCE the overflow is detected at runtime and terminates the process with SIGABRT, resulting in denial of service.\n\nThe overflow occurs in the flex scanner before any grammar or Megaco-level authentication processing, so exploitation requires only network reachability to the megaco transport port on a node configured with {scanner, flex}.\n\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files lib/megaco/src/flex/megaco_flex_scanner_drv.flex.src and program routines mfs_load_property_groups.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u00a017.0 before OTP\u00a027.3.4.15, from OTP\u00a028.0 before OTP\u00a028.5.0.4, and from OTP\u00a029.0 before OTP\u00a029.0.4, corresponding to megaco from 3.17.1 before 4.7.2.2, from 4.8 before 4.8.3.1, and from 4.9 before 4.9.1. Whether OTP before OTP\u00a017.0, corresponding to megaco before 3.17.1, is affected is unknown."
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eAllocation of resources without limits in Erlang/OTP public_key certificate path validation allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain during the TLS handshake.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring RFC 5280 policy processing in \u003ctt\u003epublic_key:pkix_path_validation/3\u003c/tt\u003e, the certificate policy tree maintained by \u003ctt\u003epubkey_policy_tree\u003c/tt\u003e grows without an upper bound. When a certificate chain contains M policies per certificate and K certificates, the tree grows on the order of M^K nodes because \u003ctt\u003epubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2\u003c/tt\u003e and \u003ctt\u003epubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2\u003c/tt\u003e extend the tree per policy per certificate. A modest chain with many policies per certificate is enough to pin BEAM schedulers and exhaust the node\u0027s memory, taking down the entire VM. The attacker only needs to be able to present a certificate chain to the victim, which is the normal precondition for a TLS handshake, so exploitation succeeds against any incoming or outgoing TLS connection that validates the peer\u0027s chain (the default for SSL/TLS clients and mutual-TLS servers).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis is the same vulnerability class as OpenSSL\u0027s \u003ctt\u003eX509_verify_cert\u003c/tt\u003e policy tree DoS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis vulnerability is associated with program files \u003ctt\u003elib/public_key/src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl\u003c/tt\u003e and program routines \u003ctt\u003epubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2\u003c/tt\u003e and \u003ctt\u003epubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2\u003c/tt\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP 26.2 before OTP\u0026nbsp;29.0.4, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.4 and OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.15, corresponding to public_key from 1.15 before 1.21.4, 1.20.3.4 and 1.17.1.5.\u003c/p\u003e"
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