CWE-88
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
732 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-62J8-9W4C-7RFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18lilypond-invoke-editor in LilyPond 2.19.80 does not validate strings before launching the program specified by the BROWSER environment variable, which allows remote attackers to conduct argument-injection attacks via a crafted URL, as demonstrated by a --proxy-pac-file argument, because the GNU Guile code uses the system Scheme procedure instead of the system* Scheme procedure. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-17523.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-11T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "lilypond-invoke-editor in LilyPond 2.19.80 does not validate strings before launching the program specified by the BROWSER environment variable, which allows remote attackers to conduct argument-injection attacks via a crafted URL, as demonstrated by a --proxy-pac-file argument, because the GNU Guile code uses the system Scheme procedure instead of the system* Scheme procedure. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-17523.",
"id": "GHSA-62j8-9w4c-7rfw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:18:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.debian.org/898373"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6425-CJXV-52GP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-05 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-11 15:32RouterOS contains an argument-handling flaw in the SSH login path involving usernames that begin with a prohibited character, allowing for the trusted RouterOS policy mask to be changed, leading to privilege escalation. Exploitation requires an unauthenticated SSH session to reach the RouterOS login helper.This issue was fixed in versions: 6.49.21 (Long-term), 7.23.4 (Long-term) and 7.24.2 (Stable)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-86060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-05T20:17:18Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "RouterOS contains an argument-handling flaw in the SSH login\npath involving usernames that begin with a prohibited character, allowing for the trusted RouterOS policy mask\u00a0to be changed, leading to privilege escalation. Exploitation requires an unauthenticated SSH session to reach the RouterOS login helper.This issue was fixed in versions:\u00a06.49.21 (Long-term),\u00a07.23.4 (Long-term)\u00a0and\u00a07.24.2 (Stable)",
"id": "GHSA-6425-cjxv-52gp",
"modified": "2026-09-11T15:32:27Z",
"published": "2026-09-05T21:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-86060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/09/mikrotik-routeros-cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/09/vulnerabilities-in-mikrotik-routeros-actively-exploited"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.mikrotik.com/t/6-49-21-long-term-is-released/272802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.mikrotik.com/t/7-23-4-long-term-is-released/272801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.mikrotik.com/t/7-24-2-stable-is-released/272800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mikrotik.com/supportsec/september-2026-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://npratley.net/reversing-mikrotiks-silent-patch-the-routeros-7-23-4-fix-they-wouldnt-explain"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-86060"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6635-C626-VJ4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-01 14:05 – Updated: 2024-05-20 21:29URLs and local file paths passed to the Mercurial (hg) APIs that are specially crafted can contain commands which are executed by Mercurial if it is installed on the host operating system. The vcs package uses the underly version control system, in this case hg, to implement the needed functionality. When hg is executed, argument strings are passed to hg in a way that additional flags can be set. The additional flags can be used to perform a command injection. Other version control systems with an implemented interface may also be vulnerable. The issue has been fixed in version 1.13.2. A work around is to sanitize data passed to the vcs package APIs to ensure it does not contain commands or unexpected data. This is important for user input data that is passed directly to the package APIs.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/Masterminds/vcs"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.13.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21235"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-04-01T14:05:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-01T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "URLs and local file paths passed to the Mercurial (hg) APIs that are specially crafted can contain commands which are executed by Mercurial if it is installed on the host operating system. The `vcs` package uses the underly version control system, in this case `hg`, to implement the needed functionality. When `hg` is executed, argument strings are passed to `hg` in a way that additional flags can be set. The additional flags can be used to perform a command injection. Other version control systems with an implemented interface may also be vulnerable. The issue has been fixed in version 1.13.2. A work around is to sanitize data passed to the `vcs` package APIs to ensure it does not contain commands or unexpected data. This is important for user input data that is passed directly to the package APIs.",
"id": "GHSA-6635-c626-vj4r",
"modified": "2024-05-20T21:29:38Z",
"published": "2022-04-01T14:05:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Masterminds/vcs/security/advisories/GHSA-6635-c626-vj4r"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21235"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Masterminds/vcs/pull/105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Masterminds/vcs/commit/922a5122330ea8fbe56352a0172ddb6bf019cd22"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Masterminds/vcs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Masterminds/vcs/releases/tag/v1.13.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-GOLANG-GITHUBCOMMASTERMINDSVCS-2437078"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection Vulnerability with Mercurial in VCS"
}
GHSA-68G3-2P3G-W9PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-08 21:30 – Updated: 2024-12-06 15:31The go command may execute arbitrary code at build time when using cgo. This may occur when running "go get" on a malicious module, or when running any other command which builds untrusted code. This is can by triggered by linker flags, specified via a "#cgo LDFLAGS" directive. Flags containing embedded spaces are mishandled, allowing disallowed flags to be smuggled through the LDFLAGS sanitization by including them in the argument of another flag. This only affects usage of the gccgo compiler.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29405"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-08T21:15:17Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The go command may execute arbitrary code at build time when using cgo. This may occur when running \"go get\" on a malicious module, or when running any other command which builds untrusted code. This is can by triggered by linker flags, specified via a \"#cgo LDFLAGS\" directive. Flags containing embedded spaces are mishandled, allowing disallowed flags to be smuggled through the LDFLAGS sanitization by including them in the argument of another flag. This only affects usage of the gccgo compiler.",
"id": "GHSA-68g3-2p3g-w9pq",
"modified": "2024-12-06T15:31:17Z",
"published": "2023-06-08T21:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29405"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/501224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/60306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/q5135a9d924/m/j0ZoAJOHAwAJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NZ2O6YCO2IZMZJELQGZYR2WAUNEDLYV6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XBS3IIK6ADV24C5ULQU55QLT2UE762ZX"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-1842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241206-0003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-69P6-WVMQ-27GG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-20 00:00 – Updated: 2023-07-03 23:11The package prior to v1.11.0 is vulnerable to Command Injection via git argument injection. When calling the fetch(remote = 'origin', opts = {}) function, the remote parameter is passed to the git fetch subcommand in a way such that additional flags can be set. The additional flags can be used to perform a command injection.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "git"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25648"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-04-28T21:13:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-19T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The package prior to v1.11.0 is vulnerable to Command Injection via git argument injection. When calling the `fetch(remote = \u0027origin\u0027, opts = {})` function, the remote parameter is passed to the `git fetch` subcommand in a way such that additional flags can be set. The additional flags can be used to perform a command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-69p6-wvmq-27gg",
"modified": "2023-07-03T23:11:16Z",
"published": "2022-04-20T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25648"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/pull/569"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git/commit/291ca0946bec7164b90ad5c572ac147f512c7159"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby-git/ruby-git"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/git/CVE-2022-25648.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00043.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PTJUF6SFPL4ZVSJQHGQ36KFPFO5DQVYZ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Q2V3HOFU4ZVTQZHAVAVL3EX2KU53SP7R"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XWNJA7WPE67LJ3DJMWZ2TADHCZKWMY55"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-RUBY-GIT-2421270"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command injection in ruby-git"
}
GHSA-6CM2-456V-HRQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 12:31 – Updated: 2026-08-13 12:31GitPython versions before 3.1.54 contain an arbitrary file overwrite vulnerability in the Diffable.diff method that fails to validate git options passed through kwargs. Attackers can supply the --output argument via the other parameter or output kwarg to write patch content to attacker-chosen file paths at process privilege level.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-73624"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T12:17:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GitPython versions before 3.1.54 contain an arbitrary file overwrite vulnerability in the Diffable.diff method that fails to validate git options passed through kwargs. Attackers can supply the --output argument via the other parameter or output kwarg to write patch content to attacker-chosen file paths at process privilege level.",
"id": "GHSA-6cm2-456v-hrq7",
"modified": "2026-08-13T12:31:11Z",
"published": "2026-08-13T12:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/security/advisories/GHSA-fjr4-x663-mwxc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-73624"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gitpython-before-arbitrary-file-overwrite-via-diff"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6F7M-6567-58MJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-13 15:34PDF::WebKit versions through 1.2 for Perl allow argument injection into wkhtmltopdf via meta tags in the source document.
For an HTML string or file source, the constructor collects every element in the document head through _pdf_webkit_meta_tags and turns each one into a wkhtmltopdf command line option. KEY is normalized to an option name matching --[a-z0-9-]+ but is not checked against an allow list, VALUE is passed through unchanged as the argument that follows it, and a VALUE of "yes" emits the option as a bare flag. BUILD merges the meta derived options last, so they also override the module defaults and the options passed to new. Switches such as --enable-local-file-access and --cookie-jar are reachable this way. The renderer is executed with an argument list rather than a shell command, so this is argument injection and not shell injection.
Any caller that renders untrusted HTML lets the document choose the renderer's options and override those set by the application, including options that read local files into the resulting PDF or write to a chosen path. A URL source is not scanned, and the scan is skipped when XML::LibXML, a recommended dependency, is not installed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T00:17:31Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "PDF::WebKit versions through 1.2 for Perl allow argument injection into wkhtmltopdf via meta tags in the source document.\n\nFor an HTML string or file source, the constructor collects every \u003cmeta name=\"pdf-webkit-KEY\" content=\"VALUE\"\u003e element in the document head through _pdf_webkit_meta_tags and turns each one into a wkhtmltopdf command line option. KEY is normalized to an option name matching --[a-z0-9-]+ but is not checked against an allow list, VALUE is passed through unchanged as the argument that follows it, and a VALUE of \"yes\" emits the option as a bare flag. BUILD merges the meta derived options last, so they also override the module defaults and the options passed to new. Switches such as --enable-local-file-access and --cookie-jar are reachable this way. The renderer is executed with an argument list rather than a shell command, so this is argument injection and not shell injection.\n\nAny caller that renders untrusted HTML lets the document choose the renderer\u0027s options and override those set by the application, including options that read local files into the resulting PDF or write to a chosen path. A URL source is not scanned, and the scan is skipped when XML::LibXML, a recommended dependency, is not installed.",
"id": "GHSA-6f7m-6567-58mj",
"modified": "2026-08-13T15:34:29Z",
"published": "2026-08-13T00:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kingpong/perl-PDF-WebKit/issues/9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.metacpan.org/patches/P/PDF-WebKit/1.2/CVE-2026-16770-r1.patch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wkhtmltopdf.org/status.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/08/13/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6F9P-G466-F8V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-19 06:30 – Updated: 2025-09-26 21:40Versions of the blamer package before 1.0.4 are vulnerable to Arbitrary Argument Injection via the blameByFile() API. The library does not sanitize for user input or validate the given file path conforms to a specific schema, nor does it properly pass command-line flags to the git binary using the double-dash POSIX characters (--) to communicate the end of options.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "blamer"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26143"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-21T17:07:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-19T05:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of the blamer package before 1.0.4 are vulnerable to Arbitrary Argument Injection via the blameByFile() API. The library does not sanitize for user input or validate the given file path conforms to a specific schema, nor does it properly pass command-line flags to the git binary using the double-dash POSIX characters (--) to communicate the end of options.",
"id": "GHSA-6f9p-g466-f8v8",
"modified": "2025-09-26T21:40:42Z",
"published": "2023-09-19T06:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26143"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kucherenko/blamer/commit/0965877f115753371a2570f10a63c455d2b2cde3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/lirantal/14c3686370a86461f555d3f0703e02f9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kucherenko/blamer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-BLAMER-5731318"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": " blamer vulnerable to Arbitrary Argument Injection via the blameByFile() API"
}
GHSA-6FGX-X7M2-74QM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-13 20:19 – Updated: 2025-10-13 20:19Impact
For tracexec's command line reconstruction feature, when a traced process executes another process with a environment variable where the key starts with a dash, tracexec incorrectly shows its commandline where such environment variables could cause argument injection for the env command.
Such an injection is completely at the UI level unless the user tries to copy the command line with the injection and paste it into a terminal to execute it.
A minimal POC is executing env -- -a=b bash --norc in tracexec's TUI mode. The resulting command line of env executing bash would be env -a bash -a=b _=/usr/bin/env /usr/bin/bash --norc in tracexec's TUI, which injects -a=b into env's arguments.
This has very limited effect for security. A local adversarial could leverage this to make tracexec show an inaccurate reconstructed commandline for their executed command. If the user of tracexec decides to copy and run the reconstructed commandline,
there could be injection for env's --block-signal, --default-signal, --ignore-signal, --split-string, --unset, --chdir, --argv0 arguments.
Patches
The fix is https://github.com/kxxt/tracexec/pull/118. Users are advised to upgrade to 0.14.0.
Workarounds
Don't blindly paste and execute commands copied from tracexec that contains environment variable where the key starts with a dash.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "tracexec"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.14.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-13T20:19:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nFor tracexec\u0027s command line reconstruction feature, when a traced process executes another process with a environment variable where the key starts with a dash, tracexec incorrectly shows its commandline where such environment variables could cause argument injection for the `env` command.\nSuch an injection is completely at the UI level unless the user tries to copy the command line with the injection and paste it into a terminal to execute it.\n\nA minimal POC is executing `env -- -a=b bash --norc` in tracexec\u0027s TUI mode. The resulting command line of `env` executing bash would be `env -a bash -a=b _=/usr/bin/env /usr/bin/bash --norc` in tracexec\u0027s TUI, which injects `-a=b` into `env`\u0027s arguments.\n\nThis has very limited effect for security. A local adversarial could leverage this to make tracexec show an inaccurate reconstructed commandline for their executed command. If the user of tracexec decides to copy and run the reconstructed commandline,\nthere could be injection for `env`\u0027s `--block-signal`, `--default-signal`, `--ignore-signal`, `--split-string`, `--unset`, `--chdir`, `--argv0` arguments.\n\n### Patches\nThe fix is https://github.com/kxxt/tracexec/pull/118. Users are advised to upgrade to 0.14.0.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nDon\u0027t blindly paste and execute commands copied from tracexec that contains environment variable where the key starts with a dash.",
"id": "GHSA-6fgx-x7m2-74qm",
"modified": "2025-10-13T20:19:36Z",
"published": "2025-10-13T20:19:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kxxt/tracexec/security/advisories/GHSA-6fgx-x7m2-74qm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kxxt/tracexec/pull/118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kxxt/tracexec/commit/0dbe63214c8686df5bb62dbe6142cce27868ecff"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kxxt/tracexec"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "tracexec has `env` command argument injection via environment variables starting with dash in traced exec events"
}
GHSA-6FXP-67GH-J8MH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-03 15:30 – Updated: 2025-09-03 15:30Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability in CRESTRON TOUCHSCREENS x70 allows Argument Injection.This issue affects TOUCHSCREENS x70: from 3.001.0031.001 through 3.001.0034.001.
A specially crafted SCP command sent via SSH login string can lead a valid administrator user to gain Privileged Operating System access on the device.
Following Products Models are affected:
TSW-x70 TSW-x60 TST-1080 AM-3000/3100/3200 Soundbar VB70 HD-PS622/621/402 HD-TXU-RXU-4kZ-211 HD-MDNXM-4KZ-E
*Note: additional firmware updates will be published once made available
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T14:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027) vulnerability in CRESTRON TOUCHSCREENS x70 allows Argument Injection.This issue affects TOUCHSCREENS x70: from 3.001.0031.001 through 3.001.0034.001.\n\nA specially crafted SCP command sent via SSH login string can lead a valid administrator user to gain Privileged Operating System access on the device.\n\n\nFollowing Products Models are affected:\n\nTSW-x70 \nTSW-x60 \nTST-1080\nAM-3000/3100/3200\nSoundbar VB70\nHD-PS622/621/402\nHD-TXU-RXU-4kZ-211\nHD-MDNXM-4KZ-E\n\n*Note: additional firmware updates will be published once made available",
"id": "GHSA-6fxp-67gh-j8mh",
"modified": "2025-09-03T15:30:34Z",
"published": "2025-09-03T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://www.crestron.com/Software-Firmware/Firmware/Touchpanels/TS-770-TS-1070-TSS-770-TSS-1070-TSW-570/3-002-0040-001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://www.crestron.com/release_notes/tsw-xx70_3.002.0040.001_release_notes.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.crestron.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Parameterization
Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Mitigation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
Mitigation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection
An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.
CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection
An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.
CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads
This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.
CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.