Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-88
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
708 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-91784 (GCVE-0-2026-91784)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 08:38 – Updated: 2026-10-02 08:42 X_Open Source Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Argument Injection leading to arbitrary process termination in gotop
Summary
cjbassi/gotop is vulnerable to local argument injection via process termination functionality. The process name is passed directly to pkill without sanitization. A local attacker can create a process with a crafted name beginning with -- (e.g. containing a target user's UID). When the user running gotop invokes the kill feature on that process, pkill interprets the crafted name as a command-line option, terminating all processes owned by the targeted user.
Product is no longer actively supported and the vulnerabilities have not been fixed. Vulnerability was confirmed at version 3.0.0; other versions were not tested but may also be affected.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/10/CVE-2026-91784 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cjbassi/gotop | product |
Date Public
2026-10-02 00:00
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "gotop",
"repo": "https://github.com/cjbassi/gotop",
"vendor": "cjbassi",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Micha\u0142 Majchrowicz (AFINE Team)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Marcin Wyczechowski (AFINE Team)"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003ecjbassi/gotop is vulnerable to local argument injection via process termination functionality. The process name is passed directly to pkill\u0026nbsp;without sanitization. A local attacker can create a process with a crafted name beginning with --\u0026nbsp;(e.g. containing a target user\u0027s UID). When the user running gotop invokes the kill feature on that process, pkill\u0026nbsp;interprets the crafted name as a command-line option, terminating all processes owned by the targeted user.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProduct is no longer actively supported and the vulnerabilities have not been fixed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eVulnerability was confirmed at version 3.0.0; other versions were not tested but may also be affected.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "cjbassi/gotop is vulnerable to local argument injection via process termination functionality. The process name is passed directly to pkill\u00a0without sanitization. A local attacker can create a process with a crafted name beginning with --\u00a0(e.g. containing a target user\u0027s UID). When the user running gotop invokes the kill feature on that process, pkill\u00a0interprets the crafted name as a command-line option, terminating all processes owned by the targeted user.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProduct is no longer actively supported and the vulnerabilities have not been fixed.\u00a0Vulnerability was confirmed at version 3.0.0; other versions were not tested but may also be affected."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-6",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-6 Argument Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 4.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "CWE-88 Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command (\u0027argument injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T08:42:17.946Z",
"orgId": "4bb8329e-dd38-46c1-aafb-9bf32bcb93c6",
"shortName": "CERT-PL"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/10/CVE-2026-91784"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cjbassi/gotop"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"tags": [
"x_open-source",
"unsupported-when-assigned"
],
"title": "Argument Injection leading to arbitrary process termination in gotop",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.3"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "4bb8329e-dd38-46c1-aafb-9bf32bcb93c6",
"assignerShortName": "CERT-PL",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-91784",
"datePublished": "2026-10-02T08:38:42.744Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-15T06:26:41.028Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T08:42:17.946Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-90894 (GCVE-0-2026-90894)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 09:52 – Updated: 2026-09-15 08:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Parallels Desktop local privilege escalation via appliance extract argument injection
Summary
Parallels Desktop runs prl_disp_service as root. Local clients reach it on the world-writable socket /var/run/prl_disp_service.socket. PrlSrv_LoginLocal accepts peer credentials. No Parallels signature. No admin group.
After login, PrlSrv_InstallAppliance lets you pick the appliance folder (sVmParentPath). The daemon unpacks with one string, tar -xf "%1" -C "%2", then Qt QProcess::splitCommand chops that string into words. A quote in the folder name closes early. The leftover text becomes extra tar flags. macOS tar --use-compress-program= runs the named program as root.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 10:23 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/ | product |
| https://kb.parallels.com/en/131168 | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parallels | Parallels Desktop for Mac |
Affected:
26.4.0
Unaffected: 27.0.0 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-90894",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-14T10:23:23.018106Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T10:23:46.541Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"packageName": "Parallels Desktop",
"platforms": [
"macOS"
],
"product": "Parallels Desktop for Mac",
"vendor": "Parallels",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "26.4.0"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "27.0.0"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Yuval Moravchick | JFrog"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eParallels Desktop runs\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eprl_disp_service\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;as root. Local clients reach it on the world-writable socket\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003e/var/run/prl_disp_service.socket\u003c/code\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003ePrlSrv_LoginLocal\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;accepts peer credentials. No Parallels signature. No admin group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter login,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003ePrlSrv_InstallAppliance\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;lets you pick the appliance folder (\u003ccode\u003esVmParentPath\u003c/code\u003e). The daemon unpacks with one string,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003etar -xf \"%1\" -C \"%2\"\u003c/code\u003e, then Qt\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eQProcess::splitCommand\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;chops that string into words. A quote in the folder name closes early. The leftover text becomes extra tar flags. macOS\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003etar --use-compress-program=\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;runs the named program as root.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Parallels Desktop runs\u00a0prl_disp_service\u00a0as root. Local clients reach it on the world-writable socket\u00a0/var/run/prl_disp_service.socket.\u00a0PrlSrv_LoginLocal\u00a0accepts peer credentials. No Parallels signature. No admin group.\n\n\n\nAfter login,\u00a0PrlSrv_InstallAppliance\u00a0lets you pick the appliance folder (sVmParentPath). The daemon unpacks with one string,\u00a0tar -xf \"%1\" -C \"%2\", then Qt\u00a0QProcess::splitCommand\u00a0chops that string into words. A quote in the folder name closes early. The leftover text becomes extra tar flags. macOS\u00a0tar --use-compress-program=\u00a0runs the named program as root."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eJFrog has a private proof of concept that obtains root on Parallels Desktop 26.4.0. The same proof of concept does not obtain root on 27.0.1. Public exploit details are not included in this record.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "JFrog has a private proof of concept that obtains root on Parallels Desktop 26.4.0. The same proof of concept does not obtain root on 27.0.1. Public exploit details are not included in this record."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "CWE-88 Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-269",
"description": "CWE-269 Improper Privilege Management",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T08:49:26.122Z",
"orgId": "48a46f29-ae42-4e1d-90dd-c1676c1e5e6d",
"shortName": "JFROG"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Parallels Desktop for Mac",
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/"
},
{
"name": "Parallels Desktop 27 updates summary",
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://kb.parallels.com/en/131168"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eUpgrade to Parallels Desktop 27.0.0 or later.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Upgrade to Parallels Desktop 27.0.0 or later."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Parallels Desktop local privilege escalation via appliance extract argument injection",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.4"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "48a46f29-ae42-4e1d-90dd-c1676c1e5e6d",
"assignerShortName": "JFROG",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-90894",
"datePublished": "2026-09-14T09:52:43.570Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-14T09:33:11.942Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T08:49:26.122Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-90809 (GCVE-0-2026-90809)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 18:15 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:56 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HKUDS nanobot ExecTool shell.py ExecTool._spawn argument injection
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in HKUDS nanobot up to 0.2.1. The affected element is the function ExecTool._guard_command/ExecTool._spawn of the file nanobot/agent/tools/shell.py of the component ExecTool. Such manipulation leads to argument injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The name of the patch is af582246f141311d574551b7571a517bcc3df750. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:32 UTC
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403311 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/403311/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90809 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/922850 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/issues/5306 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/pull/5345 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/commit/af582246f… | patch |
| https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/ | product |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-90809",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-15T13:32:44.976748Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T13:56:20.021Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:nanobot:nanobot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"ExecTool"
],
"product": "nanobot",
"vendor": "HKUDS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0.2.1"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Eric-a (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was identified in HKUDS nanobot up to 0.2.1. The affected element is the function ExecTool._guard_command/ExecTool._spawn of the file nanobot/agent/tools/shell.py of the component ExecTool. Such manipulation leads to argument injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The name of the patch is af582246f141311d574551b7571a517bcc3df750. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:ND/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "Argument Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-74",
"description": "Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T18:15:17.575Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-403311 | HKUDS nanobot ExecTool shell.py ExecTool._spawn argument injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/403311"
},
{
"name": "VDB-403311 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/403311/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-90809 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-90809"
},
{
"name": "Submit #922850 | HKUDS nanobot \u003c= 0.2.1 Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (CWE-88)",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/922850"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/issues/5306"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/pull/5345"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/commit/af582246f141311d574551b7571a517bcc3df750"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-13T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-13T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-13T18:16:35.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "HKUDS nanobot ExecTool shell.py ExecTool._spawn argument injection",
"x_generator": [
"VulDB PVTS v202609"
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-90809",
"datePublished": "2026-09-14T18:15:17.575Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-13T16:11:20.697Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-15T13:56:20.021Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-90467 (GCVE-0-2026-90467)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-12 01:50 – Updated: 2026-09-14 18:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
aiosmtplib before 5.1.3 ESMTP Parameter Injection via unvalidated addresses
Summary
aiosmtplib before 5.1.3 fails to properly validate email addresses supplied by callers, allowing attackers to inject ESMTP parameters into MAIL FROM and RCPT TO command lines. Attackers can craft malicious addresses containing spaces and angle brackets to append parameters like AUTH, NOTIFY, or ORCPT to envelope commands, forging authenticated identities or forcing delivery notifications to third parties.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 16:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib/commit/2e1b210… | patch |
| https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib/releases/tag/v5.1.3 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib/blob/v5.1.2/sr… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/aiosmtplib-b… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cole | aiosmtplib |
Affected:
0 , < 5.1.3
(semver)
Unaffected: 5.1.3 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-09-07 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-90467",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-14T16:14:45.700619Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T18:17:05.398Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:pypi/aiosmtplib",
"product": "aiosmtplib",
"vendor": "cole",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "5.1.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.1.3",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Alfie Goh Li Heng"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-09-07T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "aiosmtplib before 5.1.3 fails to properly validate email addresses supplied by callers, allowing attackers to inject ESMTP parameters into MAIL FROM and RCPT TO command lines. Attackers can craft malicious addresses containing spaces and angle brackets to append parameters like AUTH, NOTIFY, or ORCPT to envelope commands, forging authenticated identities or forcing delivery notifications to third parties."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-12T01:50:34.534Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Patch Commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib/commit/2e1b210714974ccc9efd0d09a8f846cb9aeaaec2"
},
{
"name": "aiosmtplib v5.1.3 Release Notes",
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib/releases/tag/v5.1.3"
},
{
"name": "Unvalidated quote_address() in v5.1.2",
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib/blob/v5.1.2/src/aiosmtplib/email.py"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cole/aiosmtplib"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: aiosmtplib before 5.1.3 ESMTP Parameter Injection via unvalidated addresses",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/aiosmtplib-before-5.1.3-esmtp-parameter-injection-via-unvalidated-addresses"
}
],
"title": "aiosmtplib before 5.1.3 ESMTP Parameter Injection via unvalidated addresses",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-90467",
"datePublished": "2026-09-12T01:50:34.534Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-11T23:36:20.310Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T18:17:05.398Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-89066 (GCVE-0-2026-89066)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 16:05 – Updated: 2026-09-11 16:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OS command injection in the task synthesis component in projen
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in the task synthesis component in projen before 0.103.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer workstation or continuous integration runner via shell metacharacters in project configuration values and repository file names that are interpolated into generated task definitions.
To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.103.0 and then re-synthesize the project so that .projen/tasks.json is regenerated with the corrected task definitions. Upgrading alone is not sufficient because the generated task definition file is committed to the repository.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 16:20 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/projen/projen/releases/tag/v0.103.0 | patch |
| https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletin… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/projen/projen/security/advisor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-89066",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-11T16:20:54.930694Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-11T16:21:02.834Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "projen",
"vendor": "AWS",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "0.103.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:aws:projen:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "0.103.0",
"versionStartIncluding": "0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eImproper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in the task synthesis component in projen before 0.103.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer workstation or continuous integration runner via shell metacharacters in project configuration values and repository file names that are interpolated into generated task definitions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.103.0 and then re-synthesize the project so that \u003ccode\u003e.projen/tasks.json\u003c/code\u003e is regenerated with the corrected task definitions. Upgrading alone is not sufficient because the generated task definition file is committed to the repository.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in the task synthesis component in projen before 0.103.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer workstation or continuous integration runner via shell metacharacters in project configuration values and repository file names that are interpolated into generated task definitions.\n\n\n\nTo remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.103.0 and then re-synthesize the project so that .projen/tasks.json is regenerated with the corrected task definitions. Upgrading alone is not sufficient because the generated task definition file is committed to the repository."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-88",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-88 OS Command Injection"
}
]
},
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-6",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-6 Argument Injection"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 8.4,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78 Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (\u0027OS command injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "CWE-88 Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command (\u0027argument injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-11T16:07:57.337Z",
"orgId": "ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5",
"shortName": "AMZN"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/projen/projen/releases/tag/v0.103.0"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/2026-108-aws/"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/projen/projen/security/advisories/GHSA-q6g4-h6vc-vqm8"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "OS command injection in the task synthesis component in projen",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.5"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ff89ba41-3aa1-4d27-914a-91399e9639e5",
"assignerShortName": "AMZN",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-89066",
"datePublished": "2026-09-11T16:05:42.284Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-10T18:44:43.656Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-11T16:21:02.834Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-89036 (GCVE-0-2026-89036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 15:54 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:21 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Appwrite < 2.0.0 Argument Injection via providerRootDirectory Parameter
Summary
Appwrite before 2.0.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with functions.write or sites.write permissions to execute arbitrary commands by injecting TAB characters into the providerRootDirectory parameter used to construct GNU tar commands. The application uses escapeshellcmd instead of escapeshellarg and fails to quote the parameter, allowing TAB characters to survive sanitization and be interpreted as argument separators, enabling injection of arbitrary GNU tar arguments such as --checkpoint-action=exec to achieve remote code execution as the builds worker process user.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 17:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite/releases#rel… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite/pull/13028 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite/commit/a82dc… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/appwrite-arg… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-28 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-89036",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-17T17:01:26.669709Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-17T17:14:30.233Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/appwrite/appwrite",
"product": "appwrite",
"repo": "https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite",
"vendor": "appwrite",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.0.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:appwrite:appwrite:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.0.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Alpesh Bhagwatkar"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-07-28T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Appwrite before 2.0.0 contains an argument injection vulnerability that allows authenticated users with functions.write or sites.write permissions to execute arbitrary commands by injecting TAB characters into the providerRootDirectory parameter used to construct GNU tar commands. The application uses escapeshellcmd instead of escapeshellarg and fails to quote the parameter, allowing TAB characters to survive sanitization and be interpreted as argument separators, enabling injection of arbitrary GNU tar arguments such as --checkpoint-action=exec to achieve remote code execution as the builds worker process user."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:21:54.929Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Release Tag",
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite/releases#release-2.0.0"
},
{
"name": "Pull Request",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite/pull/13028"
},
{
"name": "Patch Commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/appwrite/appwrite/commit/a82dc6e386a6ac7b88e853a1e6fdb59e0b79ddca"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/appwrite-argument-injection-via-providerrootdirectory-parameter"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"title": "Appwrite \u003c 2.0.0 Argument Injection via providerRootDirectory Parameter",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-89036",
"datePublished": "2026-09-17T15:54:46.106Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-10T16:23:54.472Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:21:54.929Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-87900 (GCVE-0-2026-87900)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 19:52 – Updated: 2026-09-23 20:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Argument injection in WP Toolkit for cPanel 6.11.2-10794 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files and execute arbitrary code across customer accounts.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 20:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WebPros | WP Toolkit for cPanel |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.11.2-10794
(semver)
Unaffected: 6.11.3-10850 , < 6.11.3-10850 (semver) |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-87900",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-23T20:05:51.395539Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T20:05:57.710Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "WP Toolkit for cPanel",
"vendor": "WebPros",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.11.2-10794",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.11.3-10850",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.11.3-10850",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Ali Mustafa (rz1027)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Argument injection in WP Toolkit for cPanel 6.11.2-10794 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files and execute arbitrary code across customer accounts."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 9.4,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "CWE-88 Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T19:52:47.153Z",
"orgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
"shortName": "hackerone"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.cpanel.net/hc/en-us/articles/43597969409943"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "36234546-b8fa-4601-9d6f-f4e334aa8ea1",
"assignerShortName": "hackerone",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-87900",
"datePublished": "2026-09-23T19:52:47.153Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-09T15:00:00.574Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T20:05:57.710Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-87818 (GCVE-0-2026-87818)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 11:21 – Updated: 2026-09-09 14:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GitPython 3.1.59 Local File Content Oracle via --no-index
Summary
GitPython 3.1.59 fails to restrict the --no-index option in the high-level diff API, allowing attackers to read arbitrary filesystem paths as repository operands. Attackers can combine --no-index with -I/--ignore-matching-lines to create a content-dependent Boolean oracle, repeatedly querying local files to recover single-line secrets through distinguishable success or error responses.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-09 14:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gitpython-3.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gitpython-developers | GitPython |
Affected:
3.1.59 , < 3.1.60
(semver)
Unaffected: 3.1.60 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:gitpython_project:gitpython:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-26 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-87818",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-09T14:06:42.660856Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-09T14:06:49.761Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:pypi/GitPython",
"product": "GitPython",
"vendor": "gitpython-developers",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3.1.60",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1.59",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "3.1.60",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:gitpython_project:gitpython:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.1.60",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.1.59",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "kokomaru167"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-26T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GitPython 3.1.59 fails to restrict the --no-index option in the high-level diff API, allowing attackers to read arbitrary filesystem paths as repository operands. Attackers can combine --no-index with -I/--ignore-matching-lines to create a content-dependent Boolean oracle, repeatedly querying local files to recover single-line secrets through distinguishable success or error responses."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-09T11:21:04.681Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-whh4-5q6c-9v3x)",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/gitpython-developers/GitPython/security/advisories/GHSA-whh4-5q6c-9v3x"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: GitPython 3.1.59 Local File Content Oracle via --no-index",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gitpython-3.1.59-local-file-content-oracle-via-no-index"
}
],
"title": "GitPython 3.1.59 Local File Content Oracle via --no-index",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-87818",
"datePublished": "2026-09-09T11:21:04.681Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-09T10:32:34.109Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-09T14:06:49.761Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-87794 (GCVE-0-2026-87794)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-09 10:07 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bestzip 2.2.6 and 3.0.2 Argument Injection via the Native Zip Destination
Summary
bestzip versions 2.2.6 and 3.0.2 contain an argument injection vulnerability in the nativeZip function that allows attackers to inject arbitrary arguments to the Info-ZIP backend. Attackers can supply a malicious destination path combined with crafted source entries to execute arbitrary commands with Node.js process privileges. Fixed in 2.2.7 and 3.0.3.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/commit/2… | patch |
| https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/blob/v3.… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/security… | relatedvendor-advisory |
| https://www.npmjs.com/package/bestzip | product |
| https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bestzip-2.2.… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-28 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-87794",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-18T17:08:17.418630Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T17:23:10.051Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/bestzip",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:npm/bestzip",
"product": "bestzip",
"repo": "https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip",
"vendor": "nfriedly",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.2.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.6",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "3.0.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0.2",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:bestzip_project:bestzip:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.2.7",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.2.6",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:bestzip_project:bestzip:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "3.0.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "3.0.2",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "iamabighotdog"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-28T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "bestzip versions 2.2.6 and 3.0.2 contain an argument injection vulnerability in the nativeZip function that allows attackers to inject arbitrary arguments to the Info-ZIP backend. Attackers can supply a malicious destination path combined with crafted source entries to execute arbitrary commands with Node.js process privileges. Fixed in 2.2.7 and 3.0.3."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.4,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-09T10:07:27.925Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-xhwx-rch4-ph2v)",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/security/advisories/GHSA-xhwx-rch4-ph2v"
},
{
"name": "Fix commit (2.2.7, 3.0.3)",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/commit/2adb637b0acb05b8475de7db5af4b86ffcf40aaf"
},
{
"name": "Vulnerable nativeZip argument list at v3.0.2",
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/blob/v3.0.2/lib/bestzip.js"
},
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-p87m-9567-rgcc)",
"tags": [
"related",
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip/security/advisories/GHSA-p87m-9567-rgcc"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/bestzip"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nfriedly/node-bestzip"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: bestzip 2.2.6 and 3.0.2 Argument Injection via the Native Zip Destination",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bestzip-2.2.6-and-3.0.2-argument-injection-via-the-native-zip-destination"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "bestzip 2.2.6 and 3.0.2 Argument Injection via the Native Zip Destination",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-87794",
"datePublished": "2026-09-09T10:07:27.925Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-09T09:37:54.271Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T17:23:10.051Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-86864 (GCVE-0-2026-86864)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-17 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pgAdmin 4: Argument and connection-string injection via the database field in the Backup tool
Summary
pgAdmin 4's Backup tool appended the client-supplied 'database' field from the /backup/job/<sid>/object request to the pg_dump argument vector as a bare trailing positional argument, without validation. Because pg_dump parses its options with getopt_long, which permutes arguments, a value beginning with a dash was interpreted as an option rather than as a database name. A value such as --file=/absolute/path therefore overrode the storage-confined --file that pgAdmin had constructed earlier, causing pg_dump to write its output anywhere the pgAdmin process could write, outside the user's File Manager storage directory. This yields arbitrary file creation and overwrite as the operating-system account running pgAdmin, which can destroy pgAdmin's own configuration database and, depending on the target chosen, be escalated further.
The same field additionally permitted connection-string injection. libpq expands a database name containing an equals sign into a full connection string, and keywords embedded there override the --host and --port that pgAdmin passes, so a value such as 'host=attacker.example port=5432 dbname=x' redirected pg_dump to a server of the attacker's choosing. Because pgAdmin exports the decrypted stored database password in the PGPASSWORD environment variable before executing the utility, the redirected connection carries that credential to the attacker-nominated endpoint. Both behaviours are reachable by any authenticated user holding the tools_backup permission, which is granted to the default User role.
The fix stops passing the database name through the argument vector altogether and supplies it in the PGDATABASE environment variable, which libpq treats as a literal database name and never expands as a connection string. This matches the approach already used by the Import/Export tool. Regression tests assert that the database name is absent from the constructed argument vector and that PGDATABASE carries the exact requested value.
This issue affects pgAdmin 4: from the introduction of the trailing positional database argument in the Backup tool before 9.18.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 15:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/issues/10384 | issue-tracking |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pgadmin.org | pgAdmin 4 |
Affected:
0 , < 9.18
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-86864",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-17T15:59:44.950479Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-17T16:00:02.215Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"Backup"
],
"product": "pgAdmin 4",
"programFiles": [
"https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/blob/master/web/pgadmin/tools/backup/__init__.py"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4",
"vendor": "pgadmin.org",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "9.18",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Sanghyeon Lee (@h9e0n, https://github.com/isanghyeon)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Hitesh Jambhale \u003chitesh.jambhale@enterprisedb.com\u003e"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Hitesh Jambhale \u003chitesh.jambhale@enterprisedb.com\u003e"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation reviewer",
"value": "Kundan Sable \u003ckundan.sable@enterprisedb.com\u003e"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "pgAdmin 4\u0027s Backup tool appended the client-supplied \u0027database\u0027 field from the /backup/job/\u003csid\u003e/object request to the pg_dump argument vector as a bare trailing positional argument, without validation. Because pg_dump parses its options with getopt_long, which permutes arguments, a value beginning with a dash was interpreted as an option rather than as a database name. A value such as --file=/absolute/path therefore overrode the storage-confined --file that pgAdmin had constructed earlier, causing pg_dump to write its output anywhere the pgAdmin process could write, outside the user\u0027s File Manager storage directory. This yields arbitrary file creation and overwrite as the operating-system account running pgAdmin, which can destroy pgAdmin\u0027s own configuration database and, depending on the target chosen, be escalated further.\n\nThe same field additionally permitted connection-string injection. libpq expands a database name containing an equals sign into a full connection string, and keywords embedded there override the --host and --port that pgAdmin passes, so a value such as \u0027host=attacker.example port=5432 dbname=x\u0027 redirected pg_dump to a server of the attacker\u0027s choosing. Because pgAdmin exports the decrypted stored database password in the PGPASSWORD environment variable before executing the utility, the redirected connection carries that credential to the attacker-nominated endpoint. Both behaviours are reachable by any authenticated user holding the tools_backup permission, which is granted to the default User role.\n\nThe fix stops passing the database name through the argument vector altogether and supplies it in the PGDATABASE environment variable, which libpq treats as a literal database name and never expands as a connection string. This matches the approach already used by the Import/Export tool. Regression tests assert that the database name is absent from the constructed argument vector and that PGDATABASE carries the exact requested value.\n\nThis issue affects pgAdmin 4: from the introduction of the trailing positional database argument in the Backup tool before 9.18."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Threat model: an authenticated pgAdmin user holding the tools_backup permission, which the default User role grants, and with a connected server. Submitting a crafted \u0027database\u0027 value is a single ordinary request requiring no victim interaction, so Attack Complexity is Low and User Interaction is None. Integrity and Availability are High because the attacker obtains arbitrary file creation and overwrite as the account running pgAdmin, which includes pgAdmin\u0027s own configuration database. Confidentiality is High because the connection-string variant delivers the decrypted stored database password to an endpoint the attacker selects; this is most significant where the password is supplied by a password execution command and is therefore never known to the user. Scope is Unchanged: the writes and the credential are performed with, and belong to, the authority pgAdmin already holds, and no direct code execution is demonstrated, which is why this is scored below an equivalent flaw yielding command execution outright."
}
]
},
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Same reasoning as the CVSS 3.1 entry: a low-privilege authenticated user achieves arbitrary file write as the pgAdmin operating-system account and can redirect the utility connection to capture the stored database credential. VC:H/VI:H/VA:H reflect credential disclosure, arbitrary overwrite, and destruction of pgAdmin\u0027s own data. SC:N/SI:N/SA:N because the consequences remain within the authority pgAdmin already exercises."
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-88",
"description": "CWE-88 Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command (\u0027Argument Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-22",
"description": "CWE-22 Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-17T15:31:00.492Z",
"orgId": "f86ef6dc-4d3a-42ad-8f28-e6d5547a5007",
"shortName": "PostgreSQL"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4/issues/10384"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "pgAdmin 4: Argument and connection-string injection via the database field in the Backup tool"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f86ef6dc-4d3a-42ad-8f28-e6d5547a5007",
"assignerShortName": "PostgreSQL",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-86864",
"datePublished": "2026-09-17T15:31:00.492Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-08T15:47:05.996Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-17T16:00:02.215Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Parameterization
Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Mitigation
Implementation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
Mitigation
Implementation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
Mitigation
Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection
An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.
CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection
An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.
CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads
This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.
CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.