CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
18003 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JQWG-75QF-VMF9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:17 – Updated: 2026-03-06 21:57Summary
/api/query/sql allows users to run SQL directly, but it only checks basic auth, not admin rights, any logged-in user, even readers, can run any SQL query on the database.
Details
The vulnerable endpoint is in kernel/api/sql.go
func SQL(c *gin.Context) {
ret := gulu.Ret.NewResult()
defer c.JSON(http.StatusOK, ret)
arg, ok := util.JsonArg(c, ret)
if !ok {
return
}
stmt := arg["stmt"].(string)
result, err := sql.Query(stmt, model.Conf.Search.Limit) // ... runs arbitrary sql with no restrictions
}
The route in kernel/api/router.go only uses CheckAuth middleware
e.g (similar)
ginServer.Handle("POST", "/api/query/sql", model.CheckAuth, SQL)
PoC
Start SiYuan with the publish service turned on
# List out all tables in the database
curl -s -u reader_user:reader_pass \
-X POST "http://127.0.0.1:6808/api/query/sql" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"stmt": "SELECT name, type FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='"'"'table'"'"'"}'
# Extract all user content from the database
curl -s -u reader_user:reader_pass \
-X POST "http://127.0.0.1:6808/api/query/sql" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"stmt": "SELECT id, content FROM blocks"}'
Impact
- High impact, reader users can query all data in the db including other users notes
- SQL api is mostly for select queries, but without validation, writes can still happen
- Malicious SQL can lead to serious performance issues
this is an auth bypass, the sql feature is for power users but even readers can use it
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/kernel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.0.0-20260113130602-4ba64580c29c"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-29073"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862",
"CWE-89"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T21:17:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-06T08:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n/api/query/sql allows users to run SQL directly, but it only checks basic auth, not admin rights, any logged-in user, even readers, can run any SQL query on the database.\n\n### Details\n\nThe vulnerable endpoint is in kernel/api/sql.go \n\n```go\nfunc SQL(c *gin.Context) {\n ret := gulu.Ret.NewResult()\n defer c.JSON(http.StatusOK, ret)\n\n arg, ok := util.JsonArg(c, ret)\n if !ok {\n return\n }\n\n stmt := arg[\"stmt\"].(string)\n result, err := sql.Query(stmt, model.Conf.Search.Limit) // ... runs arbitrary sql with no restrictions\n}\n```\n\nThe route in kernel/api/router.go only uses CheckAuth middleware\n\ne.g (similar)\n\n```go\nginServer.Handle(\"POST\", \"/api/query/sql\", model.CheckAuth, SQL)\n```\n\n### PoC\n\nStart SiYuan with the publish service turned on\n\n```bash\n\n# List out all tables in the database\n\ncurl -s -u reader_user:reader_pass \\\n -X POST \"http://127.0.0.1:6808/api/query/sql\" \\\n -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n -d \u0027{\"stmt\": \"SELECT name, type FROM sqlite_master WHERE type=\u0027\"\u0027\"\u0027table\u0027\"\u0027\"\u0027\"}\u0027\n\n\n# Extract all user content from the database\n\ncurl -s -u reader_user:reader_pass \\\n -X POST \"http://127.0.0.1:6808/api/query/sql\" \\\n -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n -d \u0027{\"stmt\": \"SELECT id, content FROM blocks\"}\u0027\n\n```\n\n### Impact\n- High impact, reader users can query all data in the db including other users notes\n- SQL api is mostly for select queries, but without validation, writes can still happen\n- Malicious SQL can lead to serious performance issues\n\nthis is an auth bypass, the sql feature is for power users but even readers can use it",
"id": "GHSA-jqwg-75qf-vmf9",
"modified": "2026-03-06T21:57:55Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:17:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/advisories/GHSA-jqwg-75qf-vmf9"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29073"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "SiYuan\u0027s direct SQL Query API accessible to Reader-level users enables unauthorized database access"
}
GHSA-JR28-7R85-HHF6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-10 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The Maspik plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in version 2.5.6 and prior. This is due to missing capability checks on the Maspik_spamlog_download_csv function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to export and download the spam log database containing blocked submission attempts, which may include misclassified but legitimate submissions with sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-10T07:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Maspik plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in version 2.5.6 and prior. This is due to missing capability checks on the Maspik_spamlog_download_csv function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to export and download the spam log database containing blocked submission attempts, which may include misclassified but legitimate submissions with sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-jr28-7r85-hhf6",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:55Z",
"published": "2025-09-10T09:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contact-forms-anti-spam/trunk/includes/functions.php#L1482"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3357602%40contact-forms-anti-spam\u0026new=3357602%40contact-forms-anti-spam\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.cleantalk.org/cve-2025-9879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/7ee68705-cbb3-44b8-8223-4cecd678bcab?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR2C-FV9J-F272
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-15 09:30The Zip Attachments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing authorization and capability checks on the download.php file in all versions up to, and including, 1.6. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary files from the current wp_upload_dir directory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11692"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T09:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Zip Attachments plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized loss of data due to a missing authorization and capability checks on the download.php file in all versions up to, and including, 1.6. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary files from the current wp_upload_dir directory.",
"id": "GHSA-jr2c-fv9j-f272",
"modified": "2025-10-15T09:30:18Z",
"published": "2025-10-15T09:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/zip-attachments/tags/1.6/download.php#L27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/aa8d746f-82e2-4615-92bb-35d20124dc56?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR2J-WMQP-CP5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-18 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-18 15:32ArcadeDB before 26.9.1 contains an access control bypass vulnerability in the query_database tool exposed through the AI chat endpoints. The tool executes queries without binding the authenticated principal to DatabaseContext, causing per-type and per-bucket ACL checks to silently no-op and allowing authenticated users to read data they are explicitly denied at the per-type level. Attackers can prompt the AI assistant to execute queries against restricted types or buckets to retrieve sensitive data that would be rejected through normal query endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-93595"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-18T14:19:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "ArcadeDB before 26.9.1 contains an access control bypass vulnerability in the query_database tool exposed through the AI chat endpoints. The tool executes queries without binding the authenticated principal to DatabaseContext, causing per-type and per-bucket ACL checks to silently no-op and allowing authenticated users to read data they are explicitly denied at the per-type level. Attackers can prompt the AI assistant to execute queries against restricted types or buckets to retrieve sensitive data that would be rejected through normal query endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-jr2j-wmqp-cp5r",
"modified": "2026-09-18T15:32:17Z",
"published": "2026-09-18T15:32:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ArcadeData/arcadedb/security/advisories/GHSA-chrr-vr3p-crcc"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-93595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/arcadedb-before-26.9.1-acl-bypass-via-query-database-tool"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR37-6XF9-G2X4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-06 12:30 – Updated: 2023-10-06 12:30Sensitive information disclosure due to missing authorization. The following products are affected: Acronis Agent (Linux, macOS, Windows) before build 36119.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45245"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-06T10:15:18Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Sensitive information disclosure due to missing authorization. The following products are affected: Acronis Agent (Linux, macOS, Windows) before build 36119.",
"id": "GHSA-jr37-6xf9-g2x4",
"modified": "2023-10-06T12:30:19Z",
"published": "2023-10-06T12:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-advisory.acronis.com/advisories/SEC-6017"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR4M-83HF-8WQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-20 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-20 18:30In multiple locations of DreamManagerService.java, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege and dismissal of system dialogs with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-225878553
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20504"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In multiple locations of DreamManagerService.java, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege and dismissal of system dialogs with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-13Android ID: A-225878553",
"id": "GHSA-jr4m-83hf-8wq6",
"modified": "2022-12-20T18:30:19Z",
"published": "2022-12-20T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20504"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2022-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR4R-3J8P-QX65
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-03 15:32 – Updated: 2026-09-03 15:32CRMEB contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the verifyAuth() method of SystemRoleServices.php that returns true from both conditional branches. Sub-administrators and accounts with no roles can access restricted admin endpoints by exploiting the inert role check that always permits requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-85212"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-03T15:17:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "CRMEB contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the verifyAuth() method of SystemRoleServices.php that returns true from both conditional branches. Sub-administrators and accounts with no roles can access restricted admin endpoints by exploiting the inert role check that always permits requests.",
"id": "GHSA-jr4r-3j8p-qx65",
"modified": "2026-09-03T15:32:26Z",
"published": "2026-09-03T15:32:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/crmeb/CRMEB/issues/119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/crmeb/CRMEB"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/crmeb/CRMEB/blob/v6.0.0/crmeb/app/services/system/admin/SystemRoleServices.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/crmeb-through-6.0.0-missing-authorization-via-inert-verifyauth-role-check"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR69-25XG-96X8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bowo Variable Inspector allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Variable Inspector: from n/a through 2.6.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32229"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T16:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bowo Variable Inspector allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects Variable Inspector: from n/a through 2.6.3.",
"id": "GHSA-jr69-25xg-96x8",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:32Z",
"published": "2025-04-04T18:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32229"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/variable-inspector/vulnerability/wordpress-variable-inspector-plugin-2-6-3-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR6G-H572-57HF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 21:30Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Item Catalog). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Product Hub accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Product Hub accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21252"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T20:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Item Catalog). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.13. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Product Hub accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Product Hub accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-jr6g-h572-57hf",
"modified": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-10-15T21:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21252"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JR6X-2Q95-FH2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 21:59 – Updated: 2026-03-02 21:59Summary
An authorization mismatch allowed authenticated callers with operator.write access to invoke owner-only tool surfaces (gateway, cron) through agent runs in scoped-token deployments.
Impact
On affected deployments, write-scoped callers could perform control-plane actions beyond intended write scope.
Fix
Owner-only gating is now enforced consistently for owner-only tool surfaces during agent execution, and tool scope classification was tightened to remove the privilege mismatch.
Affected and Patched Versions
- Affected:
<= 2026.2.26 - Patched:
2026.3.1
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T21:59:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nAn authorization mismatch allowed authenticated callers with `operator.write` access to invoke owner-only tool surfaces (`gateway`, `cron`) through `agent` runs in scoped-token deployments.\n\n### Impact\nOn affected deployments, write-scoped callers could perform control-plane actions beyond intended write scope.\n\n### Fix\nOwner-only gating is now enforced consistently for owner-only tool surfaces during agent execution, and tool scope classification was tightened to remove the privilege mismatch.\n\n### Affected and Patched Versions\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.26`\n- Patched: `2026.3.1`",
"id": "GHSA-jr6x-2q95-fh2g",
"modified": "2026-03-02T21:59:51Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T21:59:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jr6x-2q95-fh2g"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s authorization mismatch allowed write-scope agent runs to reach owner-only tools"
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.