CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
18003 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JQJ2-X4C5-JFXM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-06 21:09 – Updated: 2026-07-06 21:09Summary
The devcontainer recreate endpoint relied on route middleware that checked only ActionRead on the workspace and, unlike the sibling delete endpoint, performed no ActionUpdate check before triggering the destructive rebuild.
Note: Exploitation requires an existing low-privilege role with access to the target workspace.
Impact
Any authenticated principal with read-only workspace access, such as a Template Admin or Org Template Admin, could recreate a devcontainer, destroying uncommitted in-container state and, if called repeatedly, denying service. This is an authorization bypass leading to data loss and denial of service.
Patches
The fix adds an explicit ActionUpdate authorization check before the agent is dialed like the delete endpoint.
The fix was backported to all supported release lines:
| Release line | Patched version |
|---|---|
| 2.34 | v2.34.2 |
| 2.33 | v2.33.8 |
| 2.32 | v2.32.7 |
| 2.29 (ESR) | v2.29.17 |
Workarounds
None.
Resources
- Fix: #25812
Credits
Coder would like to thank Anthropic's Security Team (ANT-2026-22454) for independently disclosing this issue!
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.34.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.34.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.33.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.33.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.30.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.32.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/coder/coder/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.29.17"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55433"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-06T21:09:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe devcontainer recreate endpoint relied on route middleware that checked only `ActionRead` on the workspace and, unlike the sibling delete endpoint, performed no `ActionUpdate` check before triggering the destructive rebuild.\n\n\u003e **Note:** Exploitation requires an existing low-privilege role with access to the target workspace.\n\n### Impact\n\nAny authenticated principal with read-only workspace access, such as a Template Admin or Org Template Admin, could recreate a devcontainer, destroying uncommitted in-container state and, if called repeatedly, denying service. This is an authorization bypass leading to data loss and denial of service.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe fix adds an explicit `ActionUpdate` authorization check before the agent is dialed like the delete endpoint.\n\nThe fix was backported to all supported release lines:\n\n| Release line | Patched version |\n|---|---|\n| 2.34 | [v2.34.2](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.34.2) |\n| 2.33 | [v2.33.8](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.33.8) |\n| 2.32 | [v2.32.7](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.32.7) |\n| 2.29 (ESR) | [v2.29.17](https://github.com/coder/coder/releases/tag/v2.29.17) |\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone.\n\n### Resources\n\n- Fix: #25812\n\n### Credits\n\nCoder would like to thank Anthropic\u0027s Security Team (ANT-2026-22454) for independently disclosing this issue!",
"id": "GHSA-jqj2-x4c5-jfxm",
"modified": "2026-07-06T21:09:11Z",
"published": "2026-07-06T21:09:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/security/advisories/GHSA-jqj2-x4c5-jfxm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder/pull/25812"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/coder/coder"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Coder: Devcontainer recreate endpoint missing write authorization allows read-only roles to destroy containers"
}
GHSA-JQJ3-2X8F-877R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-02 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-02 12:31Craft CMS versions before 5.10.11 fail to validate admin status in the actionGetPasswordResetUrl endpoint, allowing non-admin users with administrateUsers permission to mint password reset URLs for administrator accounts. Attackers can generate a valid reset URL for any admin user and set a new password via actionSetPassword, which validates only the verification code without checking the caller's session, enabling complete control-panel takeover.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-84801"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-02T12:17:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Craft CMS versions before 5.10.11 fail to validate admin status in the actionGetPasswordResetUrl endpoint, allowing non-admin users with administrateUsers permission to mint password reset URLs for administrator accounts. Attackers can generate a valid reset URL for any admin user and set a new password via actionSetPassword, which validates only the verification code without checking the caller\u0027s session, enabling complete control-panel takeover.",
"id": "GHSA-jqj3-2x8f-877r",
"modified": "2026-09-02T12:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-09-02T12:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-6qw4-cjqw-fj72"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-84801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/craft-cms-5.0.0-rc1-before-5.10.11-authentication-bypass-via-administrateusers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQJ4-298C-3HHV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:35 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:35SAP Solution Manager 7.2 (User Experience Monitoring), version - 7.2, does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user. Due to inadequate access control, a network attacker authenticated as a regular user can use operations which should be restricted to administrators. These operations can be used to Change the User Experience Monitoring configuration, obtain details about the configured SAP Solution Manager agents, Deploy a malicious User Experience Monitoring script.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26830"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SAP Solution Manager 7.2 (User Experience Monitoring), version - 7.2, does not perform necessary authorization checks for an authenticated user. Due to inadequate access control, a network attacker authenticated as a regular user can use operations which should be restricted to administrators. These operations can be used to Change the User Experience Monitoring configuration, obtain details about the configured SAP Solution Manager agents, Deploy a malicious User Experience Monitoring script.",
"id": "GHSA-jqj4-298c-3hhv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:35:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:35:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26830"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2983204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=564757079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/163161/SAP-Solution-Manager-7.2-Missing-Authorization.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2021/Jun/29"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JQJH-8JHC-V62J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-29 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-29 15:32Subscriber Broken Access Control in MainWP <= 6.1.1 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-57327"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-29T15:16:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Subscriber Broken Access Control in MainWP \u003c= 6.1.1 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-jqjh-8jhc-v62j",
"modified": "2026-06-29T15:32:07Z",
"published": "2026-06-29T15:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-57327"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/mainwp/vulnerability/wordpress-mainwp-plugin-6-1-1-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQM9-J7QH-GXHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Noah Hearle, Design Extreme We’re Open! allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects We’re Open!: from n/a through 1.45.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25067"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Noah Hearle, Design Extreme We\u2019re Open! allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects We\u2019re Open!: from n/a through 1.45.",
"id": "GHSA-jqm9-j7qh-gxhh",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:16Z",
"published": "2024-12-09T15:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25067"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/opening-hours/vulnerability/wordpress-we-re-open-plugin-1-45-broken-access-control?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQP5-CMC9-XWXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-27 18:30 – Updated: 2026-09-27 18:30Fleet before 4.87.0 does not protect the two endpoints that serve in-house iOS application packages and manifests (enterprise tier only) with the intended random, time-limited URL token. Because Apple's InstallEnterpriseApplication MDM command requires these URLs to be reachable without a Fleet session, they cannot rely on session-based authentication, and the missing token allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the Fleet server to download in-house IPA binaries and their metadata (bundle identifier, version, and name) by guessing sequential title identifiers. The impact is limited to read-only disclosure; there is no privilege escalation or write access, and the free tier is unaffected (it returns fleet.ErrMissingLicense).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-101047"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-27T18:16:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Fleet before 4.87.0 does not protect the two endpoints that serve in-house iOS application packages and manifests (enterprise tier only) with the intended random, time-limited URL token. Because Apple\u0027s InstallEnterpriseApplication MDM command requires these URLs to be reachable without a Fleet session, they cannot rely on session-based authentication, and the missing token allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the Fleet server to download in-house IPA binaries and their metadata (bundle identifier, version, and name) by guessing sequential title identifiers. The impact is limited to read-only disclosure; there is no privilege escalation or write access, and the free tier is unaffected (it returns fleet.ErrMissingLicense).",
"id": "GHSA-jqp5-cmc9-xwxg",
"modified": "2026-09-27T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2026-09-27T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet/security/advisories/GHSA-q9c5-pp7m-fm2g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-101047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/fleet-before-4.87.0-unauthenticated-ios-app-download-via-predictable-urls"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQPP-MFM2-HFW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-19 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-19 15:32phpMyFAQ before 4.1.7 fails to apply parent FAQ visibility checks before returning child resources including comments and attachments. Unauthenticated attackers can retrieve restricted comment text, commenter email addresses, and attachment filenames for FAQ records they cannot directly access by querying the comments and attachments API endpoints.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-76215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T14:17:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "phpMyFAQ before 4.1.7 fails to apply parent FAQ visibility checks before returning child resources including comments and attachments. Unauthenticated attackers can retrieve restricted comment text, commenter email addresses, and attachment filenames for FAQ records they cannot directly access by querying the comments and attachments API endpoints.",
"id": "GHSA-jqpp-mfm2-hfw2",
"modified": "2026-08-19T15:32:33Z",
"published": "2026-08-19T15:32:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/thorsten/phpMyFAQ/security/advisories/GHSA-jmv9-23mw-mxpq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-76215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/phpmyfaq-before-missing-authorization-via-child-resources"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQR2-7F24-XRGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-13 18:31 – Updated: 2023-12-18 21:44PaaSLane Estimate Plugin 1.0.4 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints. This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL using an attacker-specified token.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.cloudtp.jenkins:paaslane-estimate"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-50779"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-13T19:45:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-13T18:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PaaSLane Estimate Plugin 1.0.4 and earlier does not perform permission checks in several HTTP endpoints. This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified URL using an attacker-specified token.\n",
"id": "GHSA-jqr2-7f24-xrgc",
"modified": "2023-12-18T21:44:26Z",
"published": "2023-12-13T18:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50779"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/paaslane-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-12-13/#SECURITY-3179"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/13/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Missing permission check in Jenkins PaaSLane Estimate Plugin"
}
GHSA-JQRJ-3HXJ-9RMF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-19 09:32 – Updated: 2026-09-19 15:31The Unbounce Landing Pages WordPress plugin before 1.1.5 does not perform any authorisation check when updating the configuration its front-end proxy relies on, allowing any authenticated user, such as a subscriber, to point that proxy at a host they control and have arbitrary content served from the site's own origin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-85574"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-19T07:16:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Unbounce Landing Pages WordPress plugin before 1.1.5 does not perform any authorisation check when updating the configuration its front-end proxy relies on, allowing any authenticated user, such as a subscriber, to point that proxy at a host they control and have arbitrary content served from the site\u0027s own origin.",
"id": "GHSA-jqrj-3hxj-9rmf",
"modified": "2026-09-19T15:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-09-19T09:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/f13143dc-5674-4e9f-8aa0-8d22df7a7379"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JQW3-FXFX-GJR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-04 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in LMSACE LMSACE Connect allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects LMSACE Connect: from n/a through 3.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-29007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-04T09:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in LMSACE LMSACE Connect allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects LMSACE Connect: from n/a through 3.4.",
"id": "GHSA-jqw3-fxfx-gjr7",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:44Z",
"published": "2025-07-04T09:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-29007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/lmsace-connect/vulnerability/wordpress-lmsace-connect-plugin-3-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.