Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

15153 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-54684 (GCVE-0-2026-54684)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 21:46 – Updated: 2026-07-15 14:31
VLAI
Title
jadx: XAPK archive entries with absolute paths can plant drop-in plugins and achieve code execution on the next jadx run
Summary
jadx is a Dex to Java decompiler. From 1.5.2 to 1.5.5, a malicious .xapk file can cause jadx to write attacker-controlled archive entry contents outside the intended XAPK plugin temporary unpack directory because XApkLoader resolves each entry name directly with tmpDir.resolve(fileName) after a CWD-based ZIP security check. When jadx is launched from a directory that is an ancestor of the config directory, the arbitrary write can plant a JAR in plugins/dropins, and the next jadx run loads the JAR with URLClassLoader and ServiceLoader, executing attacker-controlled plugin code. This issue is fixed in version 1.5.6.
Severity
7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 14:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
skylot jadx Affected: >= 1.5.2, < 1.5.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-54675 (GCVE-0-2026-54675)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-28 17:40 – Updated: 2026-09-28 18:14
VLAI
Title
FreePBX: Authenticated Remote Code Execution via File Upload and Convert in Soundlang Module
Summary
FreePBX is an open source IP PBX. Prior to versions 16.0.10 and 17.0.5, a critical vulnerability exists in the sound language upload and conversion functionality that allows an authenticated attacker to perform arbitrary file writes, leading directly to remote code execution (RCE). Authentication with a known username is required. The vulnerability stems from insufficient path sanitization in the file conversion process, enabling path traversal attacks that place malicious PHP files in the web server's root directory. This issue has been patched in versions 16.0.10 and 17.0.5.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-28 18:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FreePBX security-reporting Affected: < 16.0.10
Affected: < 17.0.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-54670 (GCVE-0-2026-54670)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 21:54 – Updated: 2026-09-23 19:11
VLAI
Title
WeGIA: Unauthenticated Auth Bypass + Local File Inclusion
Summary
WeGIA is a web manager for charitable institutions. Prior to 3.8.5, the contribution request dispatcher in web/html/contribuicao/controller/control.php accepts attacker-controlled nomeClasse and metodo values without a complete controller and method allowlist, exempts sensitive ContribuicaoLogController operations from authentication, and constructs a controller include path without canonical directory containment. An unauthenticated remote attacker can invoke getContribuicoesLogJSON, sincronizarStatus, registrarFaturas, and other sensitive methods to disclose contribution and donation records or trigger financial workflow operations. A traversal-shaped nomeClasse value can also cause require_once to include an accessible PHP or configuration file outside the intended controller directory, exposing source code, credentials, or other sensitive local data. This issue is fixed in version 3.8.5.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 19:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
LabRedesCefetRJ WeGIA Affected: < 3.8.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54659 (GCVE-0-2026-54659)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 22:25 – Updated: 2026-07-29 13:06
VLAI
Title
Pagy I18n locale option is not validated before being used in a file path
Summary
Pagy is agnostic pagination in plain Ruby. From 43.0.0 until 43.5.6, Pagy::I18n.locale= in gem/lib/pagy/modules/i18n/i18n.rb stored locale values verbatim and later used them as <locale>.yml path components, allowing untrusted params[:locale] values with absolute paths or ../ sequences to create a file existence and readability oracle for YAML files. This issue is fixed in version 43.5.6.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 13:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ddnexus pagy Affected: >= 43.0.0, < 43.5.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-54650 (GCVE-0-2026-54650)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 22:20 – Updated: 2026-07-29 14:21
VLAI
Title
openhole-server vulnerable to path traversal via URL-decoded request path
Summary
openhole exposes localhost to the internet in one command. In 0.1.1 and earlier, openhole-server in internal/server/public_proxy.go forwarded r.URL.Path instead of preserving the original request target with r.URL.EscapedPath(), allowing percent encoded dot segments %2e and separators %2f to reach tunneled local services as ../ and / for path traversal. This issue is fixed in version 0.1.2.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
bablilayoub openhole Affected: < 0.1.2
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CVE-2026-54629 (GCVE-0-2026-54629)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 19:55 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:55
VLAI
Title
Anyquery: Local File Read (LFR) via Unrestricted SQLite Virtual Table Modules in Server Mode
Summary
Anyquery is an SQL query engine built on top of SQLite. Prior to 0.4.5, anyquery server exposes file-backed SQLite virtual table modules such as csv_reader and log_reader through its MySQL-compatible server port without authentication, authorization, or directory restrictions. A remote attacker can use SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statements to provide a local path to these modules, which use hashicorp/go-getter under the Anyquery server process and return the selected file contents as queryable table rows. The disclosure is limited only by the filesystem permissions of the server process and can expose system configuration, credentials, and private keys. This issue is fixed in version 0.4.5.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-73 - External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
  • CWE-552 - Files or Directories Accessible to External Parties
  • CWE-862 - Missing Authorization
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
julien040 anyquery Affected: < 0.4.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-54617 (GCVE-0-2026-54617)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 18:34 – Updated: 2026-09-18 18:33
VLAI
Title
GravitLauncher: Unauthenticated path traversal in LaunchServer FileServerHandler
Summary
GravitLauncher is an open-source Minecraft launcher based on sashok724's v3. Prior to 5.7.12, an unauthenticated remote actor can send a raw HTTP request target without a leading slash to the default LaunchServer file server on port 9274. FileServerHandler.channelRead0 in components/launchserver/src/main/java/pro/gravit/launchserver/socket/handlers/fileserver/FileServerHandler.java strips the first request-target character and resolves the remaining path against updatesDir without re-normalizing and verifying containment. This leaves parent-directory components in a no-leading-slash request and allows reading any file accessible to the LaunchServer process, including .keys/ecdsa_id, .keys/legacySalt, and LaunchServer.json. Disclosure of those files can expose signing keys, refresh-token material, and database credentials, enabling forged administrative access tokens and full authentication bypass. A normalizing L7 proxy may block the primary request form, but direct exposure and L4/TCP proxies remain affected, and netty.fileServerEnabled is enabled by default. This issue is fixed in 5.7.12.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
  • CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GravitLauncher Launcher Affected: < 5.7.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54613 (GCVE-0-2026-54613)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 21:45 – Updated: 2026-09-22 01:55
VLAI
Title
Vvveb: Path Traversal in Revision Backup Reader/Deleter via Unsanitized theme Parameter
Summary
Vvveb is a powerful and easy to use CMS with page builder to build websites, blogs or ecommerce stores. Prior to 1.0.8.5, getThemeFolder() in admin/controller/editor/revisions.php returns the attacker-controlled theme parameter without sanitization, and backupFolder() concatenates it beneath DIR_THEMES before editor/revisions/load or editor/revisions/delete operates on a named .html file. sanitizeBackupFileName() strips traversal characters only from the separate file parameter and does not protect the theme directory component. An authenticated user with the default Editor role and editor/* permission can submit traversal sequences that redirect file_get_contents() or unlink() to a reachable backup subdirectory outside the web root. A valid admin session and CSRF token are required, the read is limited to .html files in backup directories, and deletion additionally requires filesystem write permission. This can disclose sensitive exported site content or remove backup data. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.8.5.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 01:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
givanz Vvveb Affected: < 1.0.8.5
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CVE-2026-54612 (GCVE-0-2026-54612)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 21:46 – Updated: 2026-09-18 20:04
VLAI
Title
Vvveb: Authenticated editor path traversal to PHP file write/RCE via data-v-save-global
Summary
Vvveb is a powerful and easy to use CMS with page builder to build websites, blogs or ecommerce stores. From 1.0.0 until 1.0.8.5, saveGlobalElements() in admin/controller/editor/global-trait.php concatenates the attacker-controlled file portion of data-v-save-global to the active theme directory before loadHTMLFile() and file_put_contents() operate on it. An authenticated user with the default Editor role and editor/* permission can submit crafted HTML to module=editor/editor&action=save and traverse to an existing writable PHP file outside the theme directory. If the target is web-accessible, editor-controlled PHP content executes in the web server context; a shipped public/vadmin/index.php entrypoint can be used as an execution trampoline rather than requiring a test-only file. This can permit persistent webshell placement and compromise application confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.8.5.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 20:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
givanz Vvveb Affected: >= 1.0.0, < 1.0.8.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54591 (GCVE-0-2026-54591)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 20:33 – Updated: 2026-07-09 14:40
VLAI
Title
AsyncSSH: SCP Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Write
Summary
AsyncSSH is a Python package which provides an asynchronous client and server implementation of the SSHv2 protocol on top of the Python asyncio framework. Prior to 2.23.1, a malicious SSH server can write arbitrary files on the asyncssh SCP client's filesystem by sending filenames containing ../ traversal sequences because _parse_cd_args in scp.py returns server-provided names verbatim and _recv_files joins them to the destination path without enforcing the target directory boundary. This issue is fixed in version 2.23.1.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 14:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ronf asyncssh Affected: < 2.23.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
  • Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
  • realpath() in C
  • getCanonicalPath() in Java
  • GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
  • realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
  • realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
  • Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
  • If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
  • Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
  • In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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