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EUVD-2026-364540

European Vulnerability Database identifier assigned by ENISA

Reserved

2026-10-02 08:32

Assigner

ENISA

Alias of

a CVE record, shown under related vulnerabilities. This identifier carries no description, severity or references of its own: they belong to that CVE.

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{
  "assigner": "ENISA",
  "date_reserved": "2026-10-02T08:32:52.443799+00:00",
  "id": "EUVD-2026-364540"
}

CVE-2025-38232 (GCVE-0-2025-38232)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-04 13:37 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:41

Title

NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc As of now nfsd calls create_proc_exports_entry() at start of init_nfsd and cleanup by remove_proc_entry() at last of exit_nfsd. Which causes kernel OOPs if there is race between below 2 operations: (i) exportfs -r (ii) mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd for 5.4 kernel ARM64: CPU 1: el1_irq+0xbc/0x180 arch_counter_get_cntvct+0x14/0x18 running_clock+0xc/0x18 preempt_count_add+0x88/0x110 prep_new_page+0xb0/0x220 get_page_from_freelist+0x2d8/0x1778 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15c/0xef0 __vmalloc_node_range+0x28c/0x478 __vmalloc_node_flags_caller+0x8c/0xb0 kvmalloc_node+0x88/0xe0 nfsd_init_net+0x6c/0x108 [nfsd] ops_init+0x44/0x170 register_pernet_operations+0x114/0x270 register_pernet_subsys+0x34/0x50 init_nfsd+0xa8/0x718 [nfsd] do_one_initcall+0x54/0x2e0 CPU 2 : Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010 PC is at : exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] Call trace: exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] exports_proc_open+0x2c/0x38 [nfsd] proc_reg_open+0xb8/0x198 do_dentry_open+0x1c4/0x418 vfs_open+0x38/0x48 path_openat+0x28c/0xf18 do_filp_open+0x70/0xe8 do_sys_open+0x154/0x248 Sometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu(). and same is happening on latest 6.14 kernel as well: [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-next-20250304-dirty ... [ 285.455918] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00001f4800001f48 ... [ 285.464902] pc : cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 ... [ 285.469695] Call trace: [ 285.470083] cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 (P) [ 285.470488] seq_read+0xe0/0x11c [ 285.470675] proc_reg_read+0x9c/0xf0 [ 285.470874] vfs_read+0xc4/0x2fc [ 285.471057] ksys_read+0x6c/0xf4 [ 285.471231] __arm64_sys_read+0x1c/0x28 [ 285.471428] invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100 [ 285.471633] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 [ 285.471870] do_el0_svc_compat+0x1c/0x34 [ 285.472073] el0_svc_compat+0x2c/0x80 [ 285.472265] el0t_32_sync_handler+0x90/0x140 [ 285.472473] el0t_32_sync+0x19c/0x1a0 [ 285.472887] Code: f9400885 93407c23 937d7c27 11000421 (f86378a3) [ 285.473422] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- It reproduced simply with below script: while [ 1 ] do /exportfs -r done & while [ 1 ] do insmod /nfsd.ko mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd umount /proc/fs/nfsd rmmod nfsd done & So exporting interfaces to user space shall be done at last and cleanup at first place. With change there is no Kernel OOPs.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-10 20:41 UTC

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

7 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49b57b98fa601ae6c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88d6785c173a7c4de…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8120e420013d947c8…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2029ca75cdfa6a257…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/327011a2bb4f7de9c…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f7fb730cac9aafda8…
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/…

Impacted products

5 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 49b57b98fa601ae6cc7897bab4515129da8290f7 (git) Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 88d6785c173a7c4de05bef8c4fd8a9b42ead02d5 (git) Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 8120e420013d947c890f358f30a2d98ba8ac20bc (git) Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 2029ca75cdfa6a25716a5a76b751486cce7e3822 (git) Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 327011a2bb4f7de9c72b891a96ce8d902828bddf (git) Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < f7fb730cac9aafda8b9813b55d04e28a9664d17c (git) Affected: 8677e99150b0830d29cc1318b4cc559e176940bb (git) Affected: 7c7cb07d4affcf41749234fe9dc4d90cd3959e32 (git) Affected: 4d41f65efeec0a6da6088341203c81e49ebfcd90 (git) Affected: 5.4.102 , < 5.5 (semver) Affected: 5.10.20 , < 5.11 (semver) Affected: 5.11.3 , < 5.12 (semver)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 5.12 Unaffected: 0 , < 5.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.199 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.162 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.122 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.35 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.4 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
Siemens	SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
Siemens	SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP	Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nNFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc\n\nAs of now nfsd calls create_proc_exports_entry() at start of init_nfsd\nand cleanup by remove_proc_entry() at last of exit_nfsd.\n\nWhich causes kernel OOPs if there is race between below 2 operations:\n(i) exportfs -r\n(ii) mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd\n\nfor 5.4 kernel ARM64:\n\nCPU 1:\nel1_irq+0xbc/0x180\narch_counter_get_cntvct+0x14/0x18\nrunning_clock+0xc/0x18\npreempt_count_add+0x88/0x110\nprep_new_page+0xb0/0x220\nget_page_from_freelist+0x2d8/0x1778\n__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15c/0xef0\n__vmalloc_node_range+0x28c/0x478\n__vmalloc_node_flags_caller+0x8c/0xb0\nkvmalloc_node+0x88/0xe0\nnfsd_init_net+0x6c/0x108 [nfsd]\nops_init+0x44/0x170\nregister_pernet_operations+0x114/0x270\nregister_pernet_subsys+0x34/0x50\ninit_nfsd+0xa8/0x718 [nfsd]\ndo_one_initcall+0x54/0x2e0\n\nCPU 2 :\nUnable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010\n\nPC is at : exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd]\n\nCall trace:\nexports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd]\nexports_proc_open+0x2c/0x38 [nfsd]\nproc_reg_open+0xb8/0x198\ndo_dentry_open+0x1c4/0x418\nvfs_open+0x38/0x48\npath_openat+0x28c/0xf18\ndo_filp_open+0x70/0xe8\ndo_sys_open+0x154/0x248\n\nSometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu().\n\nand same is happening on latest 6.14 kernel as well:\n\n[    0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-next-20250304-dirty\n...\n[  285.455918] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00001f4800001f48\n...\n[  285.464902] pc : cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4\n...\n[  285.469695] Call trace:\n[  285.470083]  cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 (P)\n[  285.470488]  seq_read+0xe0/0x11c\n[  285.470675]  proc_reg_read+0x9c/0xf0\n[  285.470874]  vfs_read+0xc4/0x2fc\n[  285.471057]  ksys_read+0x6c/0xf4\n[  285.471231]  __arm64_sys_read+0x1c/0x28\n[  285.471428]  invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100\n[  285.471633]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0\n[  285.471870]  do_el0_svc_compat+0x1c/0x34\n[  285.472073]  el0_svc_compat+0x2c/0x80\n[  285.472265]  el0t_32_sync_handler+0x90/0x140\n[  285.472473]  el0t_32_sync+0x19c/0x1a0\n[  285.472887] Code: f9400885 93407c23 937d7c27 11000421 (f86378a3)\n[  285.473422] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\nIt reproduced simply with below script:\nwhile [ 1 ]\ndo\n/exportfs -r\ndone \u0026\n\nwhile [ 1 ]\ndo\ninsmod /nfsd.ko\nmount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd\numount /proc/fs/nfsd\nrmmod nfsd\ndone \u0026\n\nSo exporting interfaces to user space shall be done at last and\ncleanup at first place.\n\nWith change there is no Kernel OOPs."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The race is reached through local syscalls only \u2014 `open()`/`read()` on the world-readable `/proc/fs/nfs/exports` racing against nfsd module init/exit; no NFS protocol traffic can trigger `init_nfsd()`/`exit_nfsd()` or the proc-entry path.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: spinning open/read loops on multiple CPUs while triggering nfsd module autoload via `unshare -Urm` + `mount -t nfsd`, and the commit\u0027s own reproducer shows the oops occurs reliably (\"Sometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu()\").\nPR:L - `proc_create(\"exports\", 0, ...)` defaults to 0444, so any unprivileged local user can open and read the file, and module autoload is reachable from an unprivileged user namespace because `request_module(\"fs-nfsd\")` runs before the `FS_USERNS_MOUNT` capability check in fs/super.c.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all steps itself \u2014 the reader loop and the module-load trigger \u2014 with no action required from any other user or administrator.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to the kernel\u0027s own memory and the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - On the unload path the reader holds a freed `cache_detail`, and `__cache_seq_start`/`cache_seq_next` walk freed hash tables whose contents `e_show()`/`svc_export_show()` format into the seq buffer returned to userspace, leaking arbitrary reallocated kernel heap data; the init path additionally dereferences an uninitialized `net_generic` slot as a pointer.\nI:H - This is a use-after-free on `nn-\u003esvc_export_cache` and the `nfsd_net` itself \u2014 the attacker can spray the freed slab and have the kernel treat attacker-controlled bytes as `cache_detail`/`cache_head` fields and list pointers, giving a path to controlled writes and control-flow corruption.\nA:H - The commit documents reproducible kernel oopses on both arm64 5.4 (NULL deref at 0x10 in `exports_net_open`) and 6.14 (paging fault in `cache_seq_next_rcu`), and an unprivileged user can retrigger the crash at will."
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        }
      ],
      "title": "NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38232",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-04T13:37:45.635Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.996Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T08:41:49.200Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

EUVD-2026-364540

CVE-2025-38232 (GCVE-0-2025-38232)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour