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EUVD-2026-345177

European Vulnerability Database identifier assigned by ENISA

Reserved

2026-10-02 08:00

Assigner

ENISA

Alias of

a CVE record, shown under related vulnerabilities. This identifier carries no description, severity or references of its own: they belong to that CVE.

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{
  "assigner": "ENISA",
  "date_reserved": "2026-10-02T08:00:21.775117+00:00",
  "id": "EUVD-2026-345177"
}

CVE-2023-53311 (GCVE-0-2023-53311)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-16 16:11 – Updated: 2026-08-05 09:13

Title

nilfs2: fix use-after-free of nilfs_root in dirtying inodes via iput

Summary

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: fix use-after-free of nilfs_root in dirtying inodes via iput During unmount process of nilfs2, nothing holds nilfs_root structure after nilfs2 detaches its writer in nilfs_detach_log_writer(). Previously, nilfs_evict_inode() could cause use-after-free read for nilfs_root if inodes are left in "garbage_list" and released by nilfs_dispose_list at the end of nilfs_detach_log_writer(), and this bug was fixed by commit 9b5a04ac3ad9 ("nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root in nilfs_evict_inode()"). However, it turned out that there is another possibility of UAF in the call path where mark_inode_dirty_sync() is called from iput(): nilfs_detach_log_writer() nilfs_dispose_list() iput() mark_inode_dirty_sync() __mark_inode_dirty() nilfs_dirty_inode() __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() nilfs_load_inode_block() --> causes UAF of nilfs_root struct This can happen after commit 0ae45f63d4ef ("vfs: add support for a lazytime mount option"), which changed iput() to call mark_inode_dirty_sync() on its final reference if i_state has I_DIRTY_TIME flag and i_nlink is non-zero. This issue appears after commit 28a65b49eb53 ("nilfs2: do not write dirty data after degenerating to read-only") when using the syzbot reproducer, but the issue has potentially existed before. Fix this issue by adding a "purging flag" to the nilfs structure, setting that flag while disposing the "garbage_list" and checking it in __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty(). Unlike commit 9b5a04ac3ad9 ("nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root in nilfs_evict_inode()"), this patch does not rely on ns_writer to determine whether to skip operations, so as not to break recovery on mount. The nilfs_salvage_orphan_logs routine dirties the buffer of salvaged data before attaching the log writer, so changing __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() to skip the operation when ns_writer is NULL will cause recovery write to fail. The purpose of using the cleanup-only flag is to allow for narrowing of such conditions.

Severity

7.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-01-14 18:24 UTC

CWE

CWE-416 - Use After Free

Assigner

Linux mitre root Scorecard

References

8 references

URL	Tags
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/11afd67f1b3c28eb2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3c3b4cbf9b855412…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2c539c216cce7483…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37207240872456fba…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3645510cf926e6af2…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7532ff6edbf524237…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5828d5f5dc877dcfd…
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8654743a0e6909dc…

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Linux	Linux	Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < 11afd67f1b3c28eb216e50a3ca8dbcb69bb71793 (git) Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < a3c3b4cbf9b8554120fb230e6516e980c6277487 (git) Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < d2c539c216cce74837a9cf5804eb205939b82227 (git) Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < 37207240872456fbab44a110bde6640445233963 (git) Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < 3645510cf926e6af2f4d44899370d7e5331c93bd (git) Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < 7532ff6edbf5242376b24a95a2fefb59bb653e5a (git) Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < 5828d5f5dc877dcfdd7b23102e978e2ecfd86d82 (git) Affected: 0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8 , < f8654743a0e6909dc634cbfad6db6816f10f3399 (git)
Linux	Linux	Affected: 4.0 Unaffected: 0 , < 4.0 (semver) Unaffected: 4.14.323 , ≤ 4.14.* (semver) Unaffected: 4.19.292 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.4.254 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.191 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.127 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.46 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.4.11 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.5 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "cvssV3_1": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "LOCAL",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 7.8,
              "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
              "version": "3.1"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-53311",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-01-14T18:24:44.425794Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "problemTypes": [
          {
            "descriptions": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-416",
                "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free",
                "lang": "en",
                "type": "CWE"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-01-14T18:32:57.096Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/nilfs2/inode.c",
            "fs/nilfs2/segment.c",
            "fs/nilfs2/the_nilfs.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "11afd67f1b3c28eb216e50a3ca8dbcb69bb71793",
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              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "37207240872456fbab44a110bde6640445233963",
              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3645510cf926e6af2f4d44899370d7e5331c93bd",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "7532ff6edbf5242376b24a95a2fefb59bb653e5a",
              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
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            {
              "lessThan": "f8654743a0e6909dc634cbfad6db6816f10f3399",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0ae45f63d4ef8d8eeec49c7d8b44a1775fff13e8",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "fs/nilfs2/inode.c",
            "fs/nilfs2/segment.c",
            "fs/nilfs2/the_nilfs.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.0"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "4.0",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.14.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.14.323",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "4.19.292",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.254",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.191",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.127",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.46",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.4.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.5",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.14.323",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.292",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.0",
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                {
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                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.4.11",
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                },
                {
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnilfs2: fix use-after-free of nilfs_root in dirtying inodes via iput\n\nDuring unmount process of nilfs2, nothing holds nilfs_root structure after\nnilfs2 detaches its writer in nilfs_detach_log_writer().  Previously,\nnilfs_evict_inode() could cause use-after-free read for nilfs_root if\ninodes are left in \"garbage_list\" and released by nilfs_dispose_list at\nthe end of nilfs_detach_log_writer(), and this bug was fixed by commit\n9b5a04ac3ad9 (\"nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root in\nnilfs_evict_inode()\").\n\nHowever, it turned out that there is another possibility of UAF in the\ncall path where mark_inode_dirty_sync() is called from iput():\n\nnilfs_detach_log_writer()\n  nilfs_dispose_list()\n    iput()\n      mark_inode_dirty_sync()\n        __mark_inode_dirty()\n          nilfs_dirty_inode()\n            __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty()\n              nilfs_load_inode_block() --\u003e causes UAF of nilfs_root struct\n\nThis can happen after commit 0ae45f63d4ef (\"vfs: add support for a\nlazytime mount option\"), which changed iput() to call\nmark_inode_dirty_sync() on its final reference if i_state has I_DIRTY_TIME\nflag and i_nlink is non-zero.\n\nThis issue appears after commit 28a65b49eb53 (\"nilfs2: do not write dirty\ndata after degenerating to read-only\") when using the syzbot reproducer,\nbut the issue has potentially existed before.\n\nFix this issue by adding a \"purging flag\" to the nilfs structure, setting\nthat flag while disposing the \"garbage_list\" and checking it in\n__nilfs_mark_inode_dirty().\n\nUnlike commit 9b5a04ac3ad9 (\"nilfs2: fix use-after-free bug of nilfs_root\nin nilfs_evict_inode()\"), this patch does not rely on ns_writer to\ndetermine whether to skip operations, so as not to break recovery on\nmount.  The nilfs_salvage_orphan_logs routine dirties the buffer of\nsalvaged data before attaching the log writer, so changing\n__nilfs_mark_inode_dirty() to skip the operation when ns_writer is NULL\nwill cause recovery write to fail.  The purpose of using the cleanup-only\nflag is to allow for narrowing of such conditions."
        }
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          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The UAF is reached only through local nilfs2 mount/unmount teardown (nilfs_put_super\u2192nilfs_detach_log_writer\u2192nilfs_dispose_list\u2192iput); nothing in this path processes network or peer-supplied packets.\nAC:L - Free-then-use is a fixed sequential ordering inside nilfs_detach_log_writer (nilfs_segctor_destroy frees nilfs_root via nilfs_put_root, then nilfs_dispose_list uses it), not a race; the attacker controls the crafted image and dirty-inode preconditions, and syzbot reproduced it reliably.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local desktop/kiosk user suffices: udisks2/polkit auto-mounts and ejects removable nilfs2 media on the session user\u0027s behalf, and stranding inodes on ns_dirty_files uses ordinary unprivileged VFS operations\u2014matching PR:L for the same-family nilfs2 UAF CVE-2023-53804.\nUI:N - On an auto-mounting host the attacker supplies the image, dirties inodes (I_DIRTY_TIME/lazytime path), and triggers eject/unmount themselves; no separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The freed nilfs_root/ifile objects and any resulting heap corruption remain within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - After kfree(root), nilfs_load_inode_block reads ii-\u003ei_root-\u003eifile from reclaimable kmalloc-256 slab memory and feeds that pointer into nilfs_ifile_get_inode_block/nilfs_update_inode, so a groomed replacement yields an attacker-chosen inode pointer and arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - __nilfs_mark_inode_dirty continues through nilfs_update_inode (writes raw inode contents via the attacker-controlled ifile) and nilfs_mdt_mark_dirty(ii-\u003ei_root-\u003eifile), giving write primitives through the reclaimed object suitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - This is a KASAN-confirmed slab use-after-free; dereferencing the freed nilfs_root during unmount readily oopses or panics the kernel even without successful exploitation."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:13:26.871Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
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        {
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2c539c216cce74837a9cf5804eb205939b82227"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/37207240872456fbab44a110bde6640445233963"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3645510cf926e6af2f4d44899370d7e5331c93bd"
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    "datePublished": "2025-09-16T16:11:49.099Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-09-16T16:08:59.562Z",
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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

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EUVD-2026-345177

CVE-2023-53311 (GCVE-0-2023-53311)

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Nomenclature

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