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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsmc: Fix use-after-free in __pnet_find_base_ndev().\n\nsyzbot reported use-after-free of net_device in __pnet_find_base_ndev(),\nwhich was called during connect(). [0]\n\nsmc_pnet_find_ism_resource() fetches sk_dst_get(sk)-\u003edev and passes\ndown to pnet_find_base_ndev(), where RTNL is held.  Then, UAF happened\nat __pnet_find_base_ndev() when the dev is first used.\n\nThis means dev had already been freed before acquiring RTNL in\npnet_find_base_ndev().\n\nWhile dev is going away, dst-\u003edev could be swapped with blackhole_netdev,\nand the dev\u0027s refcnt by dst will be released.\n\nWe must hold dev\u0027s refcnt before calling smc_pnet_find_ism_resource().\n\nAlso, smc_pnet_find_roce_resource() has the same problem.\n\nLet\u0027s use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in the two functions.\n\n[0]:\nBUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __pnet_find_base_ndev+0x1b1/0x1c0 net/smc/smc_pnet.c:926\nRead of size 1 at addr ffff888036bac33a by task syz.0.3632/18609\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18609 Comm: syz.0.3632 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 08/18/2025\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:378 [inline]\n print_report+0xca/0x240 mm/kasan/report.c:482\n kasan_report+0x118/0x150 mm/kasan/report.c:595\n __pnet_find_base_ndev+0x1b1/0x1c0 net/smc/smc_pnet.c:926\n pnet_find_base_ndev net/smc/smc_pnet.c:946 [inline]\n smc_pnet_find_ism_by_pnetid net/smc/smc_pnet.c:1103 [inline]\n smc_pnet_find_ism_resource+0xef/0x390 net/smc/smc_pnet.c:1154\n smc_find_ism_device net/smc/af_smc.c:1030 [inline]\n smc_find_proposal_devices net/smc/af_smc.c:1115 [inline]\n __smc_connect+0x372/0x1890 net/smc/af_smc.c:1545\n smc_connect+0x877/0xd90 net/smc/af_smc.c:1715\n __sys_connect_file net/socket.c:2086 [inline]\n __sys_connect+0x313/0x440 net/socket.c:2105\n __do_sys_connect net/socket.c:2111 [inline]\n __se_sys_connect net/socket.c:2108 [inline]\n __x64_sys_connect+0x7a/0x90 net/socket.c:2108\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\nRIP: 0033:0x7f47cbf8eba9\nCode: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48\nRSP: 002b:00007f47ccdb1038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002a\nRAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f47cc1d5fa0 RCX: 00007f47cbf8eba9\nRDX: 0000000000000010 RSI: 0000200000000280 RDI: 000000000000000b\nRBP: 00007f47cc011e19 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000\nR10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000\nR13: 00007f47cc1d6038 R14: 00007f47cc1d5fa0 R15: 00007ffc512f8aa8\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nThe buggy address belongs to the physical page:\npage: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888036bacd00 pfn:0x36bac\nflags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)\nraw: 00fff00000000000 ffffea0001243d08 ffff8880b863fdc0 0000000000000000\nraw: ffff888036bacd00 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000\npage dumped because: kasan: bad access detected\npage_owner tracks the page as freed\npage last allocated via order 2, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x446dc0(GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT|__GFP_ZERO|__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL|__GFP_COMP), pid 16741, tgid 16741 (syz-executor), ts 343313197788, free_ts 380670750466\n set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]\n post_alloc_hook+0x240/0x2a0 mm/page_alloc.c:1851\n prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1859 [inline]\n get_page_from_freelist+0x21e4/0x22c0 mm/page_alloc.c:3858\n __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5148\n alloc_pages_mpol+0x232/0x4a0 mm/mempolicy.c:2416\n ___kmalloc_large_node+0x5f/0x1b0 mm/slub.c:4317\n __kmalloc_large_node_noprof+0x18/0x90 mm/slub.c:4348\n __do_kmalloc_node mm/slub.c:4364 [inline]\n __kvmalloc_node\n---truncated---"
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is triggered through the connect() syscall on a locally created AF_SMC socket, combined with locally driven netdev teardown (rtnl_dellink) to free the device. Although the same helpers are also reached from the server-side listen path, the freeing side of the race is not remotely controllable, so local access is the realistic delivery vector.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: they create the netdev and route in their own network namespace, initiate the SMC connect that caches the dst, and delete the device concurrently; the reader blocks on rtnl_lock held by the deleting task and dereferences the device immediately after netdev_run_todo() frees it, making the window wide and the trigger reliably repeatable in a loop.\nPR:L - No capability check exists on AF_SMC socket creation and the module autoloads via net-pf-43 for unprivileged users; the netdev create/delete side needs only CAP_NET_ADMIN inside a user+network namespace obtainable with unshare -Urn by any unprivileged local user.\nUI:N - The attacker performs every step \u2014 socket creation, local SMC listener, connect, and device deletion \u2014 with no action required from any other user or administrator.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel memory within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The freed net_device is read and its adj_list is walked, yielding an attacker-influenceable pointer that is further dereferenced (dev.parent, dev_port, dev_net()-\u003enet_generic()); with a page-level heap spray of the freed kvmalloc allocation this provides an arbitrary-read oriented primitive over kernel memory.\nI:H - Controlling the freed net_device contents lets the attacker steer base_ndev to a crafted address that is then used for mutex_lock(\u0026pnettable-\u003elock) and list traversal, giving a controlled write/corruption primitive suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - The use-after-free reliably produces a KASAN-detected invalid access and, on production kernels, wild-pointer dereferences leading to kernel oops or panic, and it can be re-triggered at will."
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      "title": "smc: Fix use-after-free in __pnet_find_base_ndev().",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nlibceph: reset sparse-read state in osd_fault()\n\nWhen a fault occurs, the connection is abandoned, reestablished, and any\npending operations are retried. The OSD client tracks the progress of a\nsparse-read reply using a separate state machine, largely independent of\nthe messenger\u0027s state.\n\nIf a connection is lost mid-payload or the sparse-read state machine\nreturns an error, the sparse-read state is not reset. The OSD client\nwill then interpret the beginning of a new reply as the continuation of\nthe old one. If this makes the sparse-read machinery enter a failure\nstate, it may never recover, producing loops like:\n\n  libceph:  [0] got 0 extents\n  libceph: data len 142248331 != extent len 0\n  libceph: osd0 (1)...:6801 socket error on read\n  libceph: data len 142248331 != extent len 0\n  libceph: osd0 (1)...:6801 socket error on read\n\nTherefore, reset the sparse-read state in osd_fault(), ensuring retries\nstart from a clean state."
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              "value": "AV:N - The Ceph OSD client communicates with OSD servers over TCP. A network-level attacker who can disrupt the TCP connection (RST injection) or a malicious/compromised OSD server can trigger the fault during a sparse read operation remotely.\nAC:L - Sparse reads are a normal part of CephFS/RBD operation. An attacker who can disrupt TCP connections can repeatedly do so until one coincides with a sparse read. A malicious OSD server knows exactly when sparse reads are in progress and can reliably trigger the fault.\nPR:N - The attack requires disrupting the TCP connection between client and OSD, which does not require any Ceph authentication credentials. TCP RST injection or network-level connection disruption bypasses CephX authentication entirely.\nUI:N - No user interaction is required. The sparse read operations occur as part of normal CephFS/RBD I/O, and the connection fault is triggered by the attacker without any victim action.\nS:U - The impact is confined to the kernel\u0027s Ceph client losing access to the OSD. There is no cross-boundary impact such as VM escape or sandbox escape.\nC:N - The vulnerability causes a data parsing mismatch that is caught by validation checks, returning clean errors. No information disclosure occurs \u2014 the stale state causes misinterpretation of reply framing, not exposure of memory contents.\nI:N - No data modification or memory corruption occurs. The validation checks in the sparse read state machine detect the mismatch and return -EREMOTEIO before any data is written to incorrect locations.\nA:H - The OSD connection enters an infinite, unrecoverable error loop where every retry fails with the same stale state mismatch. All CephFS/RBD I/O to the affected OSD hangs or fails indefinitely, causing persistent denial of service."
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable XFS xattr add path is reachable locally via setxattr/fsetxattr, and also remotely on XFS-backed network file servers through in-kernel nfsd NFSv4 SETXATTR and ksmbd xattr/ACL operations that call into vfs_setxattr. Scoring the most severe reasonable deployment, a network file server exposes this over the network.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the xattr names, values, and operation sequence needed to shape the leaf freemap state; this is not a race and does not depend on conditions outside attacker control. The fsstress reproducer indicates the bug can be triggered by ordinary repeated xattr operations.\nPR:L - The attacker needs write permission to a file or directory on the affected XFS filesystem/export, but no administrative capability is required for user.* xattrs. This is basic user/share access rather than real root or CAP_SYS_ADMIN.\nUI:N - No victim action is required once the attacker has access to a writable XFS file or exported share. The attacker can invoke the xattr operation directly.\nS:U - The vulnerability corrupts XFS/kernel filesystem metadata within the same kernel security authority. It does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - The bug causes attacker-controlled corruption of xattr leaf entries in a kernel metadata buffer, and those entries drive later xattr parsing offsets and namespace interpretation. Under the required uncertainty rule, this memory/metadata corruption is treated as potentially leveragable for high confidentiality impact.\nI:H - The faulty freemap lets xattr name/value data be allocated on top of the leaf entry array, corrupting XFS metadata and potentially access-control/security xattr state. This is attacker-controlled metadata corruption with documented data-loss potential, so integrity impact is High.\nA:H - The known failure mode trips XFS corruption assertions/verifiers and shuts down the filesystem. A remote or local write-capable attacker can repeat the operation to cause high availability impact."
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        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "net/core/gro.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.0"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.92",
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            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.34",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.0.11",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.176",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.142",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.92",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.0.11",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "6.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: gro: don\u0027t merge zcopy skbs\n\nskb_gro_receive() can currently copy frags between the source and GRO\nskb, without checking the zerocopy status, and in particular the\nSKBFL_MANAGED_FRAG_REFS flag.\n\nWhen SKBFL_MANAGED_FRAG_REFS is set, the skb doesn\u0027t hold a reference\non the pages in shinfo-\u003efrags. Appending those frags to another skb\u0027s\nfrags without fixing up the page refcount can lead to UAF.\n\nWhen either the last skb in the GRO chain (the one we would append\nfrags to) or the source skb is zerocopy, don\u0027t merge the skbs."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires a local attacker to inject zerocopy/managed-frags skbs via io_uring SEND_ZC, TUN/TAP, or similar local APIs; ordinary remote wire packets processed by GRO do not carry SKBFL_MANAGED_FRAG_REFS, so a network-only attacker cannot reach the buggy merge path.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both sides of the GRO merge (seed and zerocopy TCP segments over a veth pair), timing (netem delay, RST race), and buffer setup; a public working LPE exploit exists, so success does not depend on conditions outside attacker control.\nPR:L - Triggering requires only a basic unprivileged local account with io_uring and user-namespace access (unshare -Urn), which is the default on many distributions; no init-namespace root or CAP_NET_ADMIN is needed.\nUI:N - No victim user action is required; the attacker drives the entire exploit autonomously through syscalls and local network namespace setup.\nS:U - Impact is standard host-kernel privilege escalation (root on the same kernel); it does not cross a distinct hypervisor/IOMMU security boundary such as VM-guest-to-host escape.\nC:H - The flaw is a use-after-free on page structures; the known exploit leverages the refcount underflow to obtain stale read access to freed physical pages and extract kernel PTE contents, enabling arbitrary memory disclosure primitives.\nI:H - UAF page refcount corruption enables crafting writable PTE entries against read-only page-cache pages; the public exploit demonstrates integrity compromise by rewriting /etc/passwd and obtaining root via su.\nA:H - Use-after-free of page structures can cause kernel oops/panic during skb teardown; even failed exploitation attempts can crash the system."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:31:18.394Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3c6cc9f2ca65b6dd61b1af75452dc0e1cd0aad8d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f9c828556416fbe3f49386708ce999fc4d4da06"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/479084ae0e1d9cb7929cb4298d35623de189f80a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e334cbf3388fd9334503a778a82d9e9f14dd2f71"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44bea2032af0425e4ce6d26a8af0ede79db49ec1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4db79a322db8c97f7b73b8a347395ef4d685eb40"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net: gro: don\u0027t merge zcopy skbs",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46323",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-09T12:11:15.562Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.112Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T08:49:31.031Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}