CVE-2025-55161 (GCVE-0-2025-55161)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-11 22:28 – Updated: 2025-08-12 15:50
VLAI Previdian
Title
Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf
Summary
Stirling-PDF is a locally hosted web application that performs various operations on PDF files. Prior to version 1.1.0, when using the /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf endpoint to convert Markdown to PDF, the backend calls a third-party tool to process it and includes a sanitizer for security sanitization which can be bypassed and result in SSRF. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.0.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-12 15:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 48e23086-c034-4d14-947d-ff4553da925f

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-55161

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2025-10-08 02:00 CEST

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-10-08
Asserted: 2025-10-08
Scope
Notes: Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf | Affected: Stirling-Tools / Stirling-PDF | CVSS: 8.6 (HIGH) | EPSS: 0.01999 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: True
Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: previdian

Details
Feed Previdian (previdian.com)
Title Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf
Cve Id CVE-2025-55161
Vendor Stirling-Tools
Ghsa Id None
Product Stirling-PDF
Added Date 2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z
Cvss Score 8.6
Epss Score 0.01999
Previous Ids
Cvss Severity HIGH
Virtual Patch False
Cvss Estimated False
Epss Percentile 0.7998
Used In Malware unknown
Vulnerability Id CVE-2025-55161
Ahead Of Cisa Kev None
Not Yet In Cisa Kev True
References
Created: 2026-10-02 09:09 CEST | Updated: 2026-10-02 09:09 CEST
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-55161",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-12T15:50:33.450436Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-12T15:50:45.183Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Stirling-PDF",
          "vendor": "Stirling-Tools",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 1.1.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Stirling-PDF is a locally hosted web application that performs various operations on PDF files. Prior to version 1.1.0, when using the /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf endpoint to convert Markdown to PDF, the backend calls a third-party tool to process it and includes a sanitizer for security sanitization which can be bypassed and result in SSRF. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 8.6,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-918",
              "description": "CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-11T22:28:30.152Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/security/advisories/GHSA-ff33-grr6-rmvp",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/security/advisories/GHSA-ff33-grr6-rmvp"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/commit/7d6b70871bad2a3ff810825f7382c49f55293943",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/commit/7d6b70871bad2a3ff810825f7382c49f55293943"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-ff33-grr6-rmvp",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-55161",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-11T22:28:30.152Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-08-07T18:27:23.306Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-12T15:50:45.183Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-55161",
      "date": "2026-10-05",
      "epss": "0.01999",
      "percentile": "0.8002"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "product": "Stirling-PDF",
                "vendor": "Stirling-Tools",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "\u003c 1.1.0"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:stirlingpdf:stirling_pdf:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "1D01AD8B-B1EA-43F8-A1AC-406C3F181BBF",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "1.1.0",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Stirling-PDF is a locally hosted web application that performs various operations on PDF files. Prior to version 1.1.0, when using the /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf endpoint to convert Markdown to PDF, the backend calls a third-party tool to process it and includes a sanitizer for security sanitization which can be bypassed and result in SSRF. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.0."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "Stirling-PDF es una aplicaci\u00f3n web alojada localmente que realiza diversas operaciones con archivos PDF. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 1.1.0, al usar el endpoint /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf para convertir Markdown a PDF, el backend invocaba una herramienta externa para procesarlo e inclu\u00eda un depurador de seguridad que se puede omitir y generar un SSRF. Este problema se ha corregido en la versi\u00f3n 1.1.0."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-55161",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:41:22.803",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "baseScore": 8.6,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "LOW",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 4.7,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            },
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-55161",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-12T15:50:33.450436Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-08-11T23:15:28.327",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/commit/7d6b70871bad2a3ff810825f7382c49f55293943"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/security/advisories/GHSA-ff33-grr6-rmvp"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-918"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-55161",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-08-12T15:50:33.450436Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-08-12T15:50:38.316Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "Stirling-PDF",
              "vendor": "Stirling-Tools",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 1.1.0"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "Stirling-PDF is a locally hosted web application that performs various operations on PDF files. Prior to version 1.1.0, when using the /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf endpoint to convert Markdown to PDF, the backend calls a third-party tool to process it and includes a sanitizer for security sanitization which can be bypassed and result in SSRF. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.0."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "baseScore": 8.6,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "LOW",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-918",
                  "description": "CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-08-11T22:28:30.152Z",
            "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
            "shortName": "GitHub_M"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/security/advisories/GHSA-ff33-grr6-rmvp",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/security/advisories/GHSA-ff33-grr6-rmvp"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/commit/7d6b70871bad2a3ff810825f7382c49f55293943",
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/commit/7d6b70871bad2a3ff810825f7382c49f55293943"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-ff33-grr6-rmvp",
            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
          },
          "title": "Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf"
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2025-55161",
        "datePublished": "2025-08-11T22:28:30.152Z",
        "dateReserved": "2025-08-07T18:27:23.306Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-11T22:28:30.152Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.