CVE-2025-54782 (GCVE-0-2025-54782)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 23:36 – Updated: 2025-08-04 15:23Title
@nestjs/devtools-integration's CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers
Summary
Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-04 15:23 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-in… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln | x_refsource_MISC |
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 0d1f386f-e890-402d-a812-8a16cf47ce49
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-09-18
Asserted: 2025-09-18
Scope
Notes: @nestjs/devtools-integration's CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers | Affected: Nest.js / nest | CVSS: 9.4 (CRITICAL) | EPSS: 0.51324 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: True
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: previdian
Details
| Feed | Previdian (previdian.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | @nestjs/devtools-integration's CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers |
| Cve Id | CVE-2025-54782 |
| Vendor | Nest.js |
| Ghsa Id | GHSA-85CG-CMQ5-QJM7 |
| Product | nest |
| Added Date | 2025-09-18T00:00:00.000Z |
| Cvss Score | 9.4 |
| Epss Score | 0.51324 |
| Previous Ids | |
| Cvss Severity | CRITICAL |
| Virtual Patch | False |
| Cvss Estimated | False |
| Epss Percentile | 0.98907 |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Vulnerability Id | CVE-2025-54782 |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | True |
References
Created: 2026-10-02 09:09 CEST
| Updated: 2026-10-02 09:09 CEST
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-54782",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-04T15:23:27.339034Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:30.116Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "nest",
"vendor": "nestjs",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.2.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 9.4,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration"
},
{
"name": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html"
},
{
"name": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "@nestjs/devtools-integration\u0027s CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-54782",
"datePublished": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-07-29T16:50:28.391Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:30.116Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-54782",
"date": "2026-10-05",
"epss": "0.52014",
"percentile": "0.98926"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "nest",
"vendor": "nestjs",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.2.1"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:nestjs:devtools-integration:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "3CB5DF69-E7C3-4DBF-920E-E4418A346FEF",
"versionEndExcluding": "0.2.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Nest es un framework para crear aplicaciones escalables del lado del servidor en Node.js. En las versiones 0.2.0 y anteriores, se descubri\u00f3 una vulnerabilidad cr\u00edtica de Ejecuci\u00f3n Remota de C\u00f3digo (RCE) en el paquete @nestjs/devtools-integration. Al habilitarse, el paquete expone un servidor HTTP de desarrollo local con un endpoint de API que utiliza un entorno de pruebas de JavaScript inseguro (implementaci\u00f3n similar a la de evaluaci\u00f3n segura). Debido a un entorno de pruebas inadecuado y a la falta de protecciones entre or\u00edgenes, cualquier sitio web malicioso visitado por un desarrollador puede ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario en su equipo local. El paquete a\u00f1ade endpoints HTTP a un servidor de desarrollo NestJS que se ejecuta localmente. Uno de estos endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, acepta una entrada JSON que contiene un campo de c\u00f3digo y ejecuta el c\u00f3digo proporcionado en un entorno de pruebas vm.runInNewContext de Node.js. Esto se solucion\u00f3 en la versi\u00f3n 0.2.1."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-54782",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:40:41.643",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 9.4,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-54782",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-04T15:23:27.339034Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-08-02T00:15:25.953",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Product"
],
"url": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-77"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-78"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-352"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-54782",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-04T15:23:27.339034Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:18.309Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "nest",
"vendor": "nestjs",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.2.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "ADJACENT",
"baseScore": 9.4,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-78",
"description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (\u0027OS Command Injection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration"
},
{
"name": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html"
},
{
"name": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "@nestjs/devtools-integration\u0027s CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-54782",
"datePublished": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-07-29T16:50:28.391Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:30.116Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…