CVE-2025-12535 (GCVE-0-2025-12535)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-19 06:45 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SureForms <= 1.13.1 - Cross-Site Request Forgery Protection Bypass via Improper Nonce Distribution
Summary
The SureForms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery Bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.13.1. This is due to the plugin distributing generic WordPress REST API nonces (wp_rest) to unauthenticated users via the 'wp_ajax_nopriv_rest-nonce' action. While the plugin legitimately needs to support unauthenticated form submissions, it incorrectly uses generic REST nonces instead of form-specific nonces. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass CSRF protection on REST API endpoints that rely solely on nonce verification without additional authentication checks, allowing them to trigger unauthorized actions such as the plugin's own post-submission hooks and potentially other plugins' REST endpoints.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-19 18:50 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| brainstormforce | SureForms – Contact Form, Payment Form & Other Custom Form Builder |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.13.1
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-12535",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-19T18:50:24.557712Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-19T18:51:17.329Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "SureForms \u2013 Contact Form, Payment Form \u0026 Other Custom Form Builder",
"vendor": "brainstormforce",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.13.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "M Indra Purnama"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The SureForms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery Bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.13.1. This is due to the plugin distributing generic WordPress REST API nonces (wp_rest) to unauthenticated users via the \u0027wp_ajax_nopriv_rest-nonce\u0027 action. While the plugin legitimately needs to support unauthenticated form submissions, it incorrectly uses generic REST nonces instead of form-specific nonces. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass CSRF protection on REST API endpoints that rely solely on nonce verification without additional authentication checks, allowing them to trigger unauthorized actions such as the plugin\u0027s own post-submission hooks and potentially other plugins\u0027 REST endpoints."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "CWE-352 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:15:56.985Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b083cf9d-bcfe-4234-a816-2d216da28b57?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sureforms/tags/1.13.1/inc/background-process.php#L74"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sureforms/tags/1.13.1/inc/admin-ajax.php#L45"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3391762%40sureforms%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3382423%40sureforms%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-10-30T20:11:19.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-18T17:53:21.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "SureForms \u003c= 1.13.1 - Cross-Site Request Forgery Protection Bypass via Improper Nonce Distribution"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-12535",
"datePublished": "2025-11-19T06:45:25.984Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-10-30T19:51:09.849Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:15:56.985Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-12535",
"date": "2026-10-18",
"epss": "0.002",
"percentile": "0.0912"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "SureForms \u2013 Contact Form, Payment Form \u0026 Other Custom Form Builder",
"vendor": "brainstormforce",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.13.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security@wordfence.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The SureForms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery Bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.13.1. This is due to the plugin distributing generic WordPress REST API nonces (wp_rest) to unauthenticated users via the \u0027wp_ajax_nopriv_rest-nonce\u0027 action. While the plugin legitimately needs to support unauthenticated form submissions, it incorrectly uses generic REST nonces instead of form-specific nonces. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass CSRF protection on REST API endpoints that rely solely on nonce verification without additional authentication checks, allowing them to trigger unauthorized actions such as the plugin\u0027s own post-submission hooks and potentially other plugins\u0027 REST endpoints."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "El plugin SureForms para WordPress es vulnerable a la elusi\u00f3n de Cross-Site Request Forgery en todas las versiones hasta la 1.13.1, inclusive. Esto se debe a que el plugin distribuye nonces gen\u00e9ricos de la API REST de WordPress (wp_rest) a usuarios no autenticados a trav\u00e9s de la acci\u00f3n \u0027wp_ajax_nopriv_rest-nonce\u0027. Si bien el plugin necesita leg\u00edtimamente soportar env\u00edos de formularios no autenticados, utiliza incorrectamente nonces REST gen\u00e9ricos en lugar de nonces espec\u00edficos del formulario. Esto hace posible que atacantes no autenticados eludan la protecci\u00f3n CSRF en los endpoints de la API REST que dependen \u00fanicamente de la verificaci\u00f3n de nonces sin comprobaciones de autenticaci\u00f3n adicionales, permiti\u00e9ndoles desencadenar acciones no autorizadas como los propios hooks de post-env\u00edo del plugin y potencialmente los endpoints REST de otros plugins."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-12535",
"lastModified": "2026-10-18T20:10:00.110",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 1.4,
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-12535",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-19T18:50:24.557712Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-11-19T07:15:49.753",
"references": [
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sureforms/tags/1.13.1/inc/admin-ajax.php#L45"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sureforms/tags/1.13.1/inc/background-process.php#L74"
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3391762%40sureforms%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3382423%40sureforms%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b083cf9d-bcfe-4234-a816-2d216da28b57?source=cve"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security@wordfence.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-352"
}
],
"source": "security@wordfence.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-12535",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-11-19T18:50:24.557712Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-19T18:51:13.134Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "SureForms \u2013 Contact Form, Payment Form \u0026 Other Custom Form Builder",
"vendor": "brainstormforce",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.13.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "M Indra Purnama"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The SureForms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery Bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.13.1. This is due to the plugin distributing generic WordPress REST API nonces (wp_rest) to unauthenticated users via the \u0027wp_ajax_nopriv_rest-nonce\u0027 action. While the plugin legitimately needs to support unauthenticated form submissions, it incorrectly uses generic REST nonces instead of form-specific nonces. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to bypass CSRF protection on REST API endpoints that rely solely on nonce verification without additional authentication checks, allowing them to trigger unauthorized actions such as the plugin\u0027s own post-submission hooks and potentially other plugins\u0027 REST endpoints."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "CWE-352 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:15:56.985Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b083cf9d-bcfe-4234-a816-2d216da28b57?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sureforms/tags/1.13.1/inc/background-process.php#L74"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/sureforms/tags/1.13.1/inc/admin-ajax.php#L45"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=3391762%40sureforms%2Ftrunk\u0026old=3382423%40sureforms%2Ftrunk\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-10-30T20:11:19.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-11-18T17:53:21.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "SureForms \u003c= 1.13.1 - Cross-Site Request Forgery Protection Bypass via Improper Nonce Distribution"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-12535",
"datePublished": "2025-11-19T06:45:25.984Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-10-30T19:51:09.849Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-08T17:15:56.985Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…