CVE-2026-68445 (GCVE-0-2026-68445)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 00:07 – Updated: 2026-08-17 05:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
drm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable
vc4_gem_object_mmap() rejects a writable mapping of a validated shader
BO, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set. Userspace can map the BO read-only and
then turn it writable with mprotect().
Validated shader BOs must stay read-only: the validator checks the
instructions once and the GPU trusts them afterwards. A writable
mapping lets userspace rewrite the code after validation, bypassing the
validator.
Clear VM_MAYWRITE on the read-only path so the mapping cannot be
upgraded, as i915 already does for its read-only objects.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87 , < 9f0ee411fc2d76333d6087c5862ffa907cf7a175
(git)
Affected: 463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87 , < 019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7 (git) Affected: 463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87 , < 6deaa317201851c644c431b57682e54d06b35838 (git) Affected: 463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87 , < fe168ef1d232d734d9998fd74822e2e20930dfff (git) Affected: 463873d5701427f2964a0b4b72c45f1f14b6df87 , < 0c9e6367639548307d3f578f6943ce72c9d39087 (git) |
|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
4.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.5 (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.148 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.101 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.42 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1.6 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
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"programFiles": [
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"vendor": "Linux",
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.148",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.101",
"versionType": "semver"
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"version": "6.18.42",
"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.1.6",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
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"descriptions": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable\n\nvc4_gem_object_mmap() rejects a writable mapping of a validated shader\nBO, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set. Userspace can map the BO read-only and\nthen turn it writable with mprotect().\n\nValidated shader BOs must stay read-only: the validator checks the\ninstructions once and the GPU trusts them afterwards. A writable\nmapping lets userspace rewrite the code after validation, bypassing the\nvalidator.\n\nClear VM_MAYWRITE on the read-only path so the mapping cannot be\nupgraded, as i915 already does for its read-only objects."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires local access to the vc4 DRM render node (/dev/dri/renderD*) to issue VC4_CREATE_SHADER_BO, VC4_MMAP_BO, mmap/mprotect and VC4_SUBMIT_CL; there is no remote or network-facing path to this code.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls every step: create a shader that passes validation, map it PROT_READ, upgrade it with mprotect(PROT_WRITE), rewrite the instructions and submit. There is no race, no memory-layout dependency, and it works on the default configuration of any VC4 (Raspberry Pi) system.\nPR:L - VC4_CREATE_SHADER_BO, VC4_MMAP_BO and VC4_SUBMIT_CL are all DRM_RENDER_ALLOW ioctls, so an ordinary unprivileged user with render-node access (the default for logged-in/graphical users on Raspberry Pi and embedded VC4 devices) can perform the whole sequence. No capability check is involved.\nUI:N - The attacking process performs the entire sequence itself; no action by another user or administrator is needed.\nS:U - The vulnerable driver and the compromised resource (kernel/system memory) are both under the kernel\u0027s security authority; this is a standard local kernel privilege escalation rather than a VM or hypervisor boundary escape.\nC:H - Post-validation rewriting of shader code lets the GPU, which has no IOMMU on VC4, read arbitrary system memory via texture, uniform and direct-addressed TMU lookups \u2014 exactly the disclosure the validator exists to prevent, giving arbitrary kernel memory read.\nI:H - Unvalidated QPU code can use the VPM write address register in general-purpose DMA mode to write to arbitrary physical addresses, an arbitrary kernel-memory write primitive that yields full privilege escalation and code execution.\nA:H - The same arbitrary DMA writes and unbounded shader execution readily corrupt kernel structures or hang the GPU, causing kernel panics or a full system hang triggerable at will by an unprivileged user."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:05:42.989Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
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},
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6deaa317201851c644c431b57682e54d06b35838"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe168ef1d232d734d9998fd74822e2e20930dfff"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c9e6367639548307d3f578f6943ce72c9d39087"
}
],
"title": "drm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable",
"x_generator": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2026-68445",
"datePublished": "2026-08-12T00:07:36.230Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-30T09:28:09.394Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:05:42.989Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"date": "2026-10-09",
"epss": "0.00184",
"percentile": "0.07306"
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"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable\n\nvc4_gem_object_mmap() rejects a writable mapping of a validated shader\nBO, but leaves VM_MAYWRITE set. Userspace can map the BO read-only and\nthen turn it writable with mprotect().\n\nValidated shader BOs must stay read-only: the validator checks the\ninstructions once and the GPU trusts them afterwards. A writable\nmapping lets userspace rewrite the code after validation, bypassing the\nvalidator.\n\nClear VM_MAYWRITE on the read-only path so the mapping cannot be\nupgraded, as i915 already does for its read-only objects."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-68445",
"lastModified": "2026-08-17T06:17:53.560",
"metrics": {
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"attackVector": "LOCAL",
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"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
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"published": "2026-08-12T00:17:44.860",
"references": [
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/019e6ad247f7fd038d2e009789f6d9bfcccb1ae7"
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"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Received"
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},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-31T11:14:10+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-68445",
"id": "CVE-2026-68445",
"initial_release_date": "2026-08-12T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "157",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "120",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: drm/vc4: Prevent shader BO mappings from becoming writable",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-68445.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "important",
"current_release_date": "2026-10-08T23:51:49Z",
"cve": "CVE-2026-68445",
"id": "CVE-2026-68445",
"initial_release_date": "2026-08-12T16:21:47Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "547",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "226",
"product_status:recommended": "252",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-68445",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-68445.json",
"version": "14"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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