CVE-2025-5878 (GCVE-0-2025-5878)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-29 11:11 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ESAPI esapi-java-legacy SQL Injection Defense Encoder.encodeForSQL special element
Summary
A vulnerability was found in ESAPI esapi-java-legacy and classified as problematic. This issue affects the interface Encoder.encodeForSQL of the SQL Injection Defense. An attack leads to an improper neutralization of special elements. The attack may be initiated remotely and an exploit has been disclosed to the public. The project was contacted early about this issue and handled it with an exceptional level of professionalism. Upgrading to version 2.7.0.0 is able to address this issue. Commit ID f75ac2c2647a81d2cfbdc9c899f8719c240ed512 is disabling the feature by default and any attempt to use it will trigger a warning. And commit ID e2322914304d9b1c52523ff24be495b7832f6a56 is updating the misleading Java class documentation to warn about the risks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-30 20:10 UTC
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.314321 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.314321 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.590149 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.590150 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/uglory-gll/javasec/blob/main/E… | related |
| https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/blob/d… | related |
| https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/commit… | patch |
| https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/releas… | patch |
| https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/commit… | patch |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESAPI | esapi-java-legacy |
Affected:
2.0-rc10
Affected: 2.0-rc11 Affected: 2.0.1 Affected: 2.0GA1 Affected: 2.1.0 Affected: 2.1.0.1 Affected: 2.2.0.0 Affected: 2.2.0.0-RC1 Affected: 2.2.0.0-RC2 Affected: 2.2.0.0-RC3 Affected: 2.2.1.0 Affected: 2.2.1.0-RC1 Affected: 2.2.1.1 Affected: 2.2.2.0 Affected: 2.2.3.0 Affected: 2.2.3.1 Affected: 2.3.0.0 Affected: 2.4.0.0 Affected: 2.5.0.0 Affected: 2.5.1.0 Affected: 2.5.2.0 Affected: 2.5.3.0 Affected: 2.5.3.1 Affected: 2.5.4.0 Affected: 2.5.5.0 Affected: 2.6.0.0 Affected: 2.6.1.0 Affected: 2.6.2.0 Unaffected: 2.7.0.0 |
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"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:06:42.000Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00010.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-5878",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-30T20:10:23.941435Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-30T20:10:55.472Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"modules": [
"SQL Injection Defense"
],
"product": "esapi-java-legacy",
"vendor": "ESAPI",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0-rc10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0-rc11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0GA1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.1.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.0.0-RC2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.0.0-RC3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.1.0-RC1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.4.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.2.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.3.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.4.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.5.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.6.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.6.1.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.6.2.0"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "2.7.0.0"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Longlong Gong"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "uglory (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was found in ESAPI esapi-java-legacy and classified as problematic. This issue affects the interface Encoder.encodeForSQL of the SQL Injection Defense. An attack leads to an improper neutralization of special elements. The attack may be initiated remotely and an exploit has been disclosed to the public. The project was contacted early about this issue and handled it with an exceptional level of professionalism. Upgrading to version 2.7.0.0 is able to address this issue. Commit ID f75ac2c2647a81d2cfbdc9c899f8719c240ed512 is disabling the feature by default and any attempt to use it will trigger a warning. And commit ID e2322914304d9b1c52523ff24be495b7832f6a56 is updating the misleading Java class documentation to warn about the risks."
},
{
"lang": "de",
"value": "Eine problematische Schwachstelle wurde in ESAPI esapi-java-legacy gefunden. Es geht hierbei um die Funktion Encoder.encodeForSQL der Komponente SQL Injection Defense. Durch das Manipulieren mit unbekannten Daten kann eine improper neutralization of special elements-Schwachstelle ausgenutzt werden. Der Angriff kann \u00fcber das Netzwerk angegangen werden. Der Exploit steht zur \u00f6ffentlichen Verf\u00fcgung. Ein Aktualisieren auf die Version 2.7.0.0 vermag dieses Problem zu l\u00f6sen. Der Patch wird als f75ac2c2647a81d2cfbdc9c899f8719c240ed512 bezeichnet. Als bestm\u00f6gliche Massnahme wird das Einspielen eines Upgrades empfohlen."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-138",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-20",
"description": "Improper Input Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-29T11:11:47.327Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-314321 | ESAPI esapi-java-legacy SQL Injection Defense Encoder.encodeForSQL special element",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.314321"
},
{
"name": "VDB-314321 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.314321"
},
{
"name": "Submit #590149 | ESAPI esapi-java-legacy 2.6.2.0 SQL injection filtering bypass1",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.590149"
},
{
"name": "Submit #590150 | ESAPI esapi-java-legacy 2.6.2.0 SQL injection filtering bypass2 (Duplicate)",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.590150"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/uglory-gll/javasec/blob/main/ESAPI.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/blob/develop/documentation/ESAPI-security-bulletin13.pdf"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/commit/f75ac2c2647a81d2cfbdc9c899f8719c240ed512"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/releases/tag/esapi-2.7.0.0"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ESAPI/esapi-java-legacy/commit/e2322914304d9b1c52523ff24be495b7832f6a56"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-06-28T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-06-28T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-06-29T13:13:22.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "ESAPI esapi-java-legacy SQL Injection Defense Encoder.encodeForSQL special element"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-5878",
"datePublished": "2025-06-29T11:11:47.327Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-08T18:06:00.263Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:06:42.000Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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