CVE-2025-40323 (GCVE-0-2025-40323)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-08 00:46 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:09
VLAI
Title
fbcon: Set fb_display[i]->mode to NULL when the mode is released
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fbcon: Set fb_display[i]->mode to NULL when the mode is released Recently, we discovered the following issue through syzkaller: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0 Read of size 4 at addr ff11000001b3c69c by task syz.xxx ... Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0xab/0xe0 print_address_description.constprop.0+0x2c/0x390 print_report+0xb9/0x280 kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0 fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0 fbcon_mode_deleted+0x129/0x180 fb_set_var+0xe7f/0x11d0 do_fb_ioctl+0x6a0/0x750 fb_ioctl+0xe0/0x140 __x64_sys_ioctl+0x193/0x210 do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x9c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e Based on experimentation and analysis, during framebuffer unregistration, only the memory of fb_info->modelist is freed, without setting the corresponding fb_display[i]->mode to NULL for the freed modes. This leads to UAF issues during subsequent accesses. Here's an example of reproduction steps: 1. With /dev/fb0 already registered in the system, load a kernel module to register a new device /dev/fb1; 2. Set fb1's mode to the global fb_display[] array (via FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP); 3. Switch console from fb to VGA (to allow normal rmmod of the ko); 4. Unload the kernel module, at this point fb1's modelist is freed, leaving a wild pointer in fb_display[]; 5. Trigger the bug via system calls through fb0 attempting to delete a mode from fb0. Add a check in do_unregister_framebuffer(): if the mode to be freed exists in fb_display[], set the corresponding mode pointer to NULL.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 39c2c1a2773aaf73e56906e5ef670114eb2d354f (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 4ac18f0e6a6d599ca751c4cd98e522afc8e3d4eb (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 468f78276a37f4c6499385a4ce28f4f57be6655d (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < c079d42f70109512eee49123a843be91d8fa133f (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < de89d19f4f30d9a8de87b9d08c1bd35cb70576d8 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < a1f3058930745d2b938b6b4f5bd9630dc74b26b7 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.203 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.159 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.117 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.58 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17.8 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released\n\nRecently, we discovered the following issue through syzkaller:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\nRead of size 4 at addr ff11000001b3c69c by task syz.xxx\n...\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0xab/0xe0\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x2c/0x390\n print_report+0xb9/0x280\n kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0\n fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\n fbcon_mode_deleted+0x129/0x180\n fb_set_var+0xe7f/0x11d0\n do_fb_ioctl+0x6a0/0x750\n fb_ioctl+0xe0/0x140\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x193/0x210\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x9c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nBased on experimentation and analysis, during framebuffer unregistration,\nonly the memory of fb_info-\u003emodelist is freed, without setting the\ncorresponding fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL for the freed modes. This leads\nto UAF issues during subsequent accesses. Here\u0027s an example of reproduction\nsteps:\n1. With /dev/fb0 already registered in the system, load a kernel module\n   to register a new device /dev/fb1;\n2. Set fb1\u0027s mode to the global fb_display[] array (via FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP);\n3. Switch console from fb to VGA (to allow normal rmmod of the ko);\n4. Unload the kernel module, at this point fb1\u0027s modelist is freed, leaving\n   a wild pointer in fb_display[];\n5. Trigger the bug via system calls through fb0 attempting to delete a mode\n   from fb0.\n\nAdd a check in do_unregister_framebuffer(): if the mode to be freed exists\nin fb_display[], set the corresponding mode pointer to NULL."
        }
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            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through `ioctl()` on the `/dev/fbN` character device (`FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO` / `FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP`), which requires local access to the system. There is no remote or network-facing path into fbcon.\nAC:L - Once a framebuffer has been unregistered leaving a stale `fb_display[i].mode`, triggering the use-after-free is a single deterministic ioctl with no race to win and no memory-layout condition outside the attacker\u0027s control. The attacker can additionally groom the freed `fb_modelist` slab with controlled allocations before dereferencing it.\nPR:L - No capability check exists anywhere in the fbdev ioctl path \u2014 access is governed solely by DAC on `/dev/fbN`, which logged-in seat users obtain via logind `uaccess` ACLs or `video`/`graphics` group membership on desktops, kiosks, embedded devices and Android. An unprivileged local user with a console/seat can issue every ioctl involved.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all steps himself via ioctls on the framebuffer device; no victim action is needed. The framebuffer unregistration that creates the stale pointer occurs through ordinary system events such as USB display/dock removal or DRM driver unbind.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The use-after-free reads a freed slab object that the attacker can reallocate with chosen or sensitive kernel data, and `display_to_var()`/`fb_videomode_to_var()` copy ~15 fields out of it into `info-\u003evar`, which is then readable from userspace via `FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO` \u2014 a repeatable kernel heap disclosure primitive.\nI:H - A use-after-free on a groomable kmalloc object permits heap spraying and type confusion with the reallocated victim object; the freed contents also propagate into `fb_check_var`/`fb_set_par` and console resize arithmetic, corrupting kernel state and enabling escalation to control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The reported syzkaller report is a KASAN slab-use-after-free that oopses the task in `fb_mode_is_equal()`; dereferencing the dangling pointer after the slab page is returned to the page allocator produces a kernel panic, and the stale pointer can be re-triggered repeatedly."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ac18f0e6a6d599ca751c4cd98e522afc8e3d4eb"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1f3058930745d2b938b6b4f5bd9630dc74b26b7"
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      ],
      "title": "fbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-40323",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-08T00:46:50.833Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.186Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:09:36.199Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released\n\nRecently, we discovered the following issue through syzkaller:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\nRead of size 4 at addr ff11000001b3c69c by task syz.xxx\n...\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0xab/0xe0\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x2c/0x390\n print_report+0xb9/0x280\n kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0\n fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\n fbcon_mode_deleted+0x129/0x180\n fb_set_var+0xe7f/0x11d0\n do_fb_ioctl+0x6a0/0x750\n fb_ioctl+0xe0/0x140\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x193/0x210\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x9c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nBased on experimentation and analysis, during framebuffer unregistration,\nonly the memory of fb_info-\u003emodelist is freed, without setting the\ncorresponding fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL for the freed modes. This leads\nto UAF issues during subsequent accesses. Here\u0027s an example of reproduction\nsteps:\n1. With /dev/fb0 already registered in the system, load a kernel module\n   to register a new device /dev/fb1;\n2. Set fb1\u0027s mode to the global fb_display[] array (via FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP);\n3. Switch console from fb to VGA (to allow normal rmmod of the ko);\n4. Unload the kernel module, at this point fb1\u0027s modelist is freed, leaving\n   a wild pointer in fb_display[];\n5. Trigger the bug via system calls through fb0 attempting to delete a mode\n   from fb0.\n\nAdd a check in do_unregister_framebuffer(): if the mode to be freed exists\nin fb_display[], set the corresponding mode pointer to NULL."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-40323",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:29.200",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-12-08T01:16:05.067",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39c2c1a2773aaf73e56906e5ef670114eb2d354f"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/468f78276a37f4c6499385a4ce28f4f57be6655d"
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        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-28T15:30:28+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40323",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40323",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-08T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "762",
      "product_status:known_affected": "22",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: fbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40323.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-09T00:53:20Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-40323",
      "id": "CVE-2025-40323",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-09T00:24:05Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "597",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "174",
      "product_status:recommended": "501",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-40323",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-40323.json",
      "version": "42"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.