CVE-2025-38708 (GCVE-0-2025-38708)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-04 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:04
VLAI
Title
drbd: add missing kref_get in handle_write_conflicts
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drbd: add missing kref_get in handle_write_conflicts With `two-primaries` enabled, DRBD tries to detect "concurrent" writes and handle write conflicts, so that even if you write to the same sector simultaneously on both nodes, they end up with the identical data once the writes are completed. In handling "superseeded" writes, we forgot a kref_get, resulting in a premature drbd_destroy_device and use after free, and further to kernel crashes with symptoms. Relevance: No one should use DRBD as a random data generator, and apparently all users of "two-primaries" handle concurrent writes correctly on layer up. That is cluster file systems use some distributed lock manager, and live migration in virtualization environments stops writes on one node before starting writes on the other node. Which means that other than for "test cases", this code path is never taken in real life. FYI, in DRBD 9, things are handled differently nowadays. We still detect "write conflicts", but no longer try to be smart about them. We decided to disconnect hard instead: upper layers must not submit concurrent writes. If they do, that's their fault.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 0336bfe9c237476bd7c45605a36ca79c2bca62e5 (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 810cd546a29bfac90ed1328ea01d693d4bd11cb1 (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 84ef8dd3238330d1795745ece83b19f0295751bf (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 57418de35420cedab035aa1da8a26c0499b7f575 (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 9f53b2433ad248cd3342cc345f56f5c7904bd8c4 (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 7d483ad300fc0a06f69b019dda8f74970714baf8 (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 46e3763dcae0ffcf8fcfaff4fc10a90a92ffdd89 (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 3a896498f6f577e57bf26aaa93b48c22b6d20c20 (git)
Affected: 668700b40a7c8727bbd2b3fd4fd22e0ce3f1aeb6 , < 00c9c9628b49e368d140cfa61d7df9b8922ec2a8 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.5
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.5 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.149 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.103 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.43 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.11 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.2 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC CN 4100 Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable code is the DRBD receiver thread processing P_DATA replication packets arriving over TCP from a remote peer, with the conflicting sector and size taken directly from the wire (`be64_to_cpu(p-\u003esector)`). The DRBD replication port is a routable TCP listener, so this is remotely reachable.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the sector, size, and rate of the conflicting writes and can retry indefinitely at no cost against a dual-primary node that is by definition writing continuously, so the required overlap window is forced by volume rather than won by luck. Only a handful of hits are needed to drive `device-\u003ekref` to zero, and the maintainer\u0027s \"never taken in real life\" note concerns well-behaved upper layers, not a peer deliberately submitting concurrent writes.\nPR:N - DRBD peer authentication is entirely optional \u2014 `conn_connect()` only calls `drbd_do_auth()` when `cram_hmac_tfm` is set, which is unconfigured by default \u2014 and the accept path performs no source-address validation, so any host that can reach the port completes the handshake and becomes the peer. Even with a shared secret, a malicious peer node holds no privilege on the target kernel.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires nothing from a local user beyond the cluster running its normal dual-primary workload; the attacker connects and sends conflicting writes entirely on their own initiative.\nS:U - The refcount underflow and resulting use-after-free are confined to the target kernel\u0027s own memory and security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The premature `drbd_destroy_device()` frees `struct drbd_device` and all `peer_device` objects while the receiver thread and block layer keep dereferencing them, and the attacker supplies a continuous stream of arbitrary replicated block data that reclaims the freed slab slots with controlled contents. The driver then reads through dangling pointers and sends acks back over the network, yielding an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive.\nI:H - A use-after-free on a heap object containing embedded `work_struct`, `timer_list`, and gendisk/queue function pointers, combined with the attacker\u0027s controlled heap-spray via replicated write data, gives a write and control-flow-hijack primitive. Separately, tearing down the block device under a live mounted filesystem destroys stored data integrity.\nA:H - The commit states the missing `kref_get` leads to \"premature drbd_destroy_device and use after free, and further to kernel crashes.\" Destroying the device also `put_disk()`s the gendisk and destroys workqueues under an active filesystem, panicking the node and taking down the replicated storage."
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrbd: add missing kref_get in handle_write_conflicts\n\nWith `two-primaries` enabled, DRBD tries to detect \"concurrent\" writes\nand handle write conflicts, so that even if you write to the same sector\nsimultaneously on both nodes, they end up with the identical data once\nthe writes are completed.\n\nIn handling \"superseeded\" writes, we forgot a kref_get,\nresulting in a premature drbd_destroy_device and use after free,\nand further to kernel crashes with symptoms.\n\nRelevance: No one should use DRBD as a random data generator, and apparently\nall users of \"two-primaries\" handle concurrent writes correctly on layer up.\nThat is cluster file systems use some distributed lock manager,\nand live migration in virtualization environments stops writes on one node\nbefore starting writes on the other node.\n\nWhich means that other than for \"test cases\",\nthis code path is never taken in real life.\n\nFYI, in DRBD 9, things are handled differently nowadays.  We still detect\n\"write conflicts\", but no longer try to be smart about them.\nWe decided to disconnect hard instead: upper layers must not submit concurrent\nwrites. If they do, that\u0027s their fault."
          }
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        "metrics": {
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                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.8,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
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              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
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          {
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              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-416"
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            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
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    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:21:26+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38708",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38708",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: drbd: add missing kref_get in handle_write_conflicts",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38708.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.