CVE-2025-32433 (GCVE-0-2025-32433)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 21:34 – Updated: 2026-02-26 18:28Title
Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE
Summary
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-20 03:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
14 references
Impacted products
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 5ac456c6-f875-4d99-a80d-39b78ca00cf8
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-06-09
Asserted: 2025-06-09
Scope
Notes: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability | Affected: Erlang / Erlang/OTP | Description: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE. | Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. | Due date: 2025-06-30 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): This vulnerability affects a common open-source project, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. For more information, please see: https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 ; https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433
Evidence
Type: Vendor Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 80%
Source: cisa-kev
Details
| Cwes | CWE-306 |
|---|---|
| Feed | CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog |
| Product | Erlang/OTP |
| Due Date | 2025-06-30 |
| Date Added | 2025-06-09 |
| Vendorproject | Erlang |
| Vulnerabilityname | Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability |
| Knownransomwarecampaignuse | Unknown |
References
Created: 2026-10-02 08:09 CEST
| Updated: 2026-10-02 08:09 CEST
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 3d385663-3f21-4112-95ca-4fdd66fe1cc3
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-06-01
Asserted: 2026-06-01
Scope
Notes: Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE | Affected: Erlang / otp | CVSS: 10.0 (CRITICAL) | EPSS: 0.98786 | Used in malware: unknown | Listed 1 day ahead of CISA KEV | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: previdian
Details
| Feed | Previdian (previdian.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE |
| Cve Id | CVE-2025-32433 |
| Vendor | Erlang |
| Ghsa Id | None |
| Product | otp |
| Added Date | 2026-06-01T10:32:20.432Z |
| Cvss Score | 10.0 |
| Epss Score | 0.98786 |
| Previous Ids | |
| Cvss Severity | CRITICAL |
| Virtual Patch | False |
| Cvss Estimated | False |
| Epss Percentile | 0.99925 |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Vulnerability Id | CVE-2025-32433 |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev |
|
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | False |
References
Created: 2026-10-02 09:10 CEST
| Updated: 2026-10-02 09:10 CEST
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:53:28.075Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1"
},
{
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-32433",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "active"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-20T03:55:59.410447Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"dateAdded": "2025-06-09",
"reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433"
},
"type": "kev"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy"
},
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-06-09T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "CVE-2025-32433 added to CISA KEV"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "otp",
"vendor": "erlang",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= OTP-27.0-rc1, \u003c OTP-27.3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= OTP-26.0-rc1, \u003c OTP-26.2.5.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c OTP-25.3.2.20"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-306",
"description": "CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-16T21:34:37.457Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-32433",
"datePublished": "2025-04-16T21:34:37.457Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-08T10:54:58.368Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-32433",
"date": "2026-10-02",
"epss": "0.98786",
"percentile": "0.99925"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "otp",
"vendor": "erlang",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= OTP-27.0-rc1, \u003c OTP-27.3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= OTP-26.0-rc1, \u003c OTP-26.2.5.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c OTP-25.3.2.20"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"cisaActionDue": "2025-06-30",
"cisaExploitAdd": "2025-06-09",
"cisaRequiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
"cisaVulnerabilityName": "Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability",
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "E83BFB53-C1CC-4F9E-9794-EE0057EE770B",
"versionEndExcluding": "25.3.2.20",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "4842AC3A-E1AE-491A-AFCE-F3669397CA82",
"versionEndExcluding": "26.2.5.11",
"versionStartIncluding": "26.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "36383ED9-EA7D-4AFF-B2C7-1FFD16207C54",
"versionEndExcluding": "27.3.3",
"versionStartIncluding": "27.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "8FD911AA-C8F6-4109-A3B4-602AEAF2C77D",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.7.19.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "8B6F7512-CAC2-42DE-B150-D56AE6F78053",
"versionEndExcluding": "8.1.16.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "8.0.18",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "4F1269B5-554F-42E0-95A1-BD22C5C23309",
"versionEndExcluding": "8.2.11.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "8.2",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "6D1C890C-D8CA-45FB-B70E-3960B0E9D41B",
"versionEndExcluding": "8.3.8.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "8.3",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "37F31D4A-E5B4-4ED3-BE3C-07FFA0F4D689",
"versionEndExcluding": "8.4.4.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "8.4",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "C911AA6C-9CD2-48F5-BC9B-A2D1AACEED03",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.7.19.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "1A800C1C-CED2-4D88-ADD3-1705DF8D1611",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.16.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "5.8",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "4C18189F-8645-4801-9217-B7A1E3539F89",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.2.11.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "8B4EF3D5-5633-4C99-B4AE-360A2A3B985B",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.3.8.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.3",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "553AEE68-3FBE-453B-BD12-03FAF3BA6F2C",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.4.1.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.4",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "9DCC5384-91EF-44D6-908B-CC019036273A",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.4.4.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.4.2",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cloud_native_broadband_network_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "F813EFB7-F2E8-4E36-BBF3-1FA1C2CB6035",
"versionEndExcluding": "2025.03.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:inode_manager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "BA1A6D3F-C7B9-415B-AE44-A263BFAA8B21",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:smart_phy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "D14D75E9-5247-4D0F-A92E-10821629089D",
"versionEndExcluding": "25.2",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_packet_core:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "25BC4E65-0344-45F3-8570-CEBEAA26D302",
"versionEndExcluding": "2025.03",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_services_platform:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "378484EF-6E71-4D73-8864-538A869F8D08",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:staros:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "CDADC228-B7DA-405D-B704-4E6198D4308E",
"versionEndExcluding": "2025.03",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:optical_site_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "2A91EBA2-5C6A-43D1-9657-E0B0B2D214F4",
"versionEndExcluding": "25.2.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_1001:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "0F6E0FBE-70B7-413C-8943-39BEFE050298",
"vulnerable": false
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_1002:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "37AE5FB0-D9A6-4EBE-9F7F-243299AE918B",
"vulnerable": false
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_1004:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "60C9AAF8-4C5B-4EF5-B575-8235F3C54BCC",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:ncs_2000_shelf_virtualization_orchestrator_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "3FBA50A5-A1E7-41C4-AC8C-19A2393ACF89",
"versionEndExcluding": "25.1.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:ncs_2000_shelf_virtualization_orchestrator_module:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "B66F36B9-0E4E-4AE0-9102-9B963C5E67D6",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:enterprise_nfv_infrastructure_software:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "B41BD0FB-372F-418B-A453-232D04C7C055",
"versionEndExcluding": "4.18",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_cloud_core:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "41890CCA-16A7-429C-8A31-F467141171A7",
"versionEndExcluding": "2025.03.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv160w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "E4C81717-86CA-4B78-B60B-1ABEA71D0243",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv160w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "2B7E3792-5D0F-4CCC-874D-512059CA8E12",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "B8B9D17F-A3E5-498D-9AE1-11915FEF8B3B",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv260:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "6FFC99C1-954E-408B-8A08-C79941350F05",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv160_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "C2D5DF69-3106-40B4-9DEA-1655EC394E01",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv160:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "EC1DC21D-8C6C-4CE7-B5CB-8646659B02BC",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "3BA3E845-95EC-4CAD-8105-2348F8D58E3A",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv260p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "A62A6E2F-FA43-4F40-A684-651FEDAC2114",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv260w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "33291CE9-C896-4798-BAD3-5ACA2A412E92",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv260w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "95737F9F-1779-4AAB-875E-2CD586A8B780",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv340_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "FAA54684-D12C-4050-AFD3-A1A3E2B6585F",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv340:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "2A4411AC-2A74-4315-BA6B-D7E1AA538BDB",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv340w_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "7440DB48-9ACC-4D14-A042-12946145AB45",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv340w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "21E55019-F969-4ACD-A6C8-1D2EE05F8EE4",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv345_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "F6DBB708-31C2-499B-B6DC-2DC3501F2FDE",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv345:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "5E91E68B-CBE9-462E-82D4-6F588B8E84E8",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:cisco:rv345p_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "26BE8976-95F2-41DB-A76B-E67CF07DF500",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
},
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:h:cisco:rv345p:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "5120BAB7-FB3A-481E-9ECD-48341846AFBD",
"vulnerable": false
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "AND"
},
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Erlang/OTP es un conjunto de librer\u00edas para el lenguaje de programaci\u00f3n Erlang. En versiones anteriores a OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11 y OTP-25.3.2.20, un servidor SSH pod\u00eda permitir a un atacante realizar una ejecuci\u00f3n remota de c\u00f3digo (RCE) sin autenticaci\u00f3n. Al explotar una falla en la gesti\u00f3n de mensajes del protocolo SSH, un atacante podr\u00eda obtener acceso no autorizado a los sistemas afectados y ejecutar comandos arbitrarios sin credenciales v\u00e1lidas. Este problema est\u00e1 corregido en las versiones OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11 y OTP-25.3.2.20. Una soluci\u00f3n temporal consiste en deshabilitar el servidor SSH o impedir el acceso mediante reglas de firewall."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-32433",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:11:59.137",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 10.0,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 6.0,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-32433",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "active"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-20T03:55:59.410447Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-04-16T22:15:14.373",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"Exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"US Government Resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-306"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:53:28.075Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1"
},
{
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-32433",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "active"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-20T03:55:59.410447Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"dateAdded": "2025-06-09",
"reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433"
},
"type": "kev"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-17T13:07:27.220Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy"
},
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-06-09T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "CVE-2025-32433 added to CISA KEV"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "otp",
"vendor": "erlang",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= OTP-27.0-rc1, \u003c OTP-27.3.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= OTP-26.0-rc1, \u003c OTP-26.2.5.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c OTP-25.3.2.20"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-306",
"description": "CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-16T21:34:37.457Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-32433",
"datePublished": "2025-04-16T21:34:37.457Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-08T10:54:58.368Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…