CVE-2025-31201 (GCVE-0-2025-31201)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 18:24 – Updated: 2026-04-02 18:24Summary
This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-25 04:55 UTC
CWE
- An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.
- CWE-1220 - Insufficient Granularity of Access Control
Assigner
References
12 references
Impacted products
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: dbb92c0f-0da6-47cc-b8b2-d4cc95fcaa4f
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-04-17
Asserted: 2025-04-17
Scope
Notes: Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write Vulnerability | Affected: Apple / Multiple Products | Description: Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain an arbitrary read and write vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass Pointer Authentication. | Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. | Due date: 2025-05-08 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401 ; https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31201
Evidence
Type: Vendor Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 80%
Source: cisa-kev
Details
| Cwes | |
|---|---|
| Feed | CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog |
| Product | Multiple Products |
| Due Date | 2025-05-08 |
| Date Added | 2025-04-17 |
| Vendorproject | Apple |
| Vulnerabilityname | Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write Vulnerability |
| Knownransomwarecampaignuse | Unknown |
References
Created: 2026-10-02 08:09 CEST
| Updated: 2026-10-02 08:09 CEST
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 60a599d4-6ac6-4833-b274-7373c10b2348
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-04-17
Asserted: 2025-04-17
Scope
Notes: This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1,... | Affected: Apple / iOS and iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS | CVSS: 6.8 (MEDIUM) | EPSS: 0.13973 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: previdian
Details
| Feed | Previdian (previdian.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1,... |
| Cve Id | CVE-2025-31201 |
| Vendor | Apple |
| Ghsa Id | None |
| Product | iOS and iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS |
| Added Date | 2025-04-17T00:00:00.000Z |
| Cvss Score | 6.8 |
| Epss Score | 0.13973 |
| Previous Ids | |
| Cvss Severity | MEDIUM |
| Virtual Patch | False |
| Cvss Estimated | False |
| Epss Percentile | 0.9644 |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Vulnerability Id | CVE-2025-31201 |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | False |
References
Created: 2026-10-02 09:11 CEST
| Updated: 2026-10-02 09:11 CEST
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"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-16T18:24:31.230Z",
"orgId": "286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c",
"shortName": "apple"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c",
"assignerShortName": "apple",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-31201",
"datePublished": "2025-04-16T18:24:31.230Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-03-27T16:13:58.315Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:28:13.077Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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