Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2024-28867 (GCVE-0-2024-28867)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-29 14:26 – Updated: 2025-03-25 14:39

Title

Swift Prometheus un-sanitized metric name or labels can be used to take over exported metrics

Summary

Swift Prometheus is a Swift client for the Prometheus monitoring system, supporting counters, gauges and histograms. In code which applies _un-sanitized string values into metric names or labels_, an attacker could make use of this and send a `?lang` query parameter containing newlines, `}` or similar characters which can lead to the attacker taking over the exported format -- including creating unbounded numbers of stored metrics, inflating server memory usage, or causing "bogus" metrics. This vulnerability is fixed in2.0.0-alpha.2.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2024-04-01 17:56 UTC

CWE

CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root Scorecard

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
swift-server	swift-prometheus	Affected: = 2.0.0-alpha.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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EUVD-2026-224873

European Vulnerability Database identifier assigned by ENISA

Reserved

2026-10-02 06:51

Assigner

ENISA

Alias of

a CVE record, shown under related vulnerabilities. This identifier carries no description, severity or references of its own: they belong to that CVE.

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "assigner": "ENISA",
  "date_reserved": "2026-10-02T06:51:45.321666+00:00",
  "id": "EUVD-2026-224873"
}

FKIE_CVE-2024-28867

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2024-03-29 15:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 07:21

Severity

5.9 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
7.4 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501	Patch
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501	Patch
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r	Exploit, Mitigation, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	apple	swift_prometheus	2.0.0

JSON

To clipboard

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        {
          "product": "swift-prometheus",
          "vendor": "swift-server",
          "versions": [
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    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Swift Prometheus es un cliente Swift para el sistema de monitoreo Prometheus, que admite contadores, medidores e histogramas. En el c\u00f3digo que aplica _valores de cadena no desinfectados en nombres o etiquetas de m\u00e9tricas_, un atacante podr\u00eda hacer uso de esto y enviar un par\u00e1metro de consulta `?lang` que contenga nuevas l\u00edneas, `}` o caracteres similares que pueden llevar al atacante a hacerse cargo del contenido exportado. formato, incluida la creaci\u00f3n de n\u00fameros ilimitados de m\u00e9tricas almacenadas, inflar el uso de la memoria del servidor o generar m\u00e9tricas \"falsas\". Esta vulnerabilidad se solucion\u00f3 en 2.0.0-alpha.2."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2024-28867",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T07:21:56.300",
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        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
      }
    ],
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2024-28867",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2024-04-01T17:56:31.127914Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2024-03-29T15:15:11.180",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501"
    },
    {
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Mitigation",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-74"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X768-CVR2-345R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-29 19:05 – Updated: 2024-03-29 19:05

Summary

Un-sanitized metric name or labels can be used to take over exported metrics

Details

Impact

In code which applies un-sanitized string values into metric names or labels, like this:

let lang = try? request.query-get(String.self, at: "lang")
Counter (
  label: "language", 
  dimensions: [("lang", lang ?? "unknown" )]
)

an attacker could make use of this and send a ?lang query parameter containing newlines, } or similar characters which can lead to the attacker taking over the exported format -- including creating unbounded numbers of stored metrics, inflating server memory usage, or causing "bogus" metrics.

Patches

The default strategy to sanitize labels was moved deeper into the library, preventing illegal characters from appearing in name, label keys and values.

Metric names and label names are now validated against the following requirement: [a-zA-Z_:][a-zA-Z0-9_:]* (for metric names) and [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]* (for metric label names). Label values are not validated as they are allowed to contain any unicode characters. Developers must validate labels themselves and not allow malicious input.

The approach taken here mirrors the approach taken in the Go reference implementation.

Discussion

It is strongly discouraged to use un-sanitized user input as names or labels in general, because they can lead to un-bounded growth of metrics, even as this vulnerability is patched and result in a Denial-of-Service attack opportunity -- regardless how well the library is sanitizing the inputs. We strongly recommend only using a sanitized set of values for your metrics names and labels. E.g., a "lang" label, should only use an expected set of values that can be used, and ignore other ones -- otherwise a determined attacker could create one metric per different label key, leading to unbounded memory use growth as metrics with distinct values must be kept in memory.

Validating label values:

The library will NOT automatically validate and replace strings offered as label values. Developers must validate label values themselves, and it is strongly recommended to only accept a well known set of values.

It is possible to configure the PrometheusSanitizer to apply whatever validation you deem necessary:

let mySanitizer = PrometheusSanitizer { metricName, labels in
  // ... your logic here ...
  (metricName, labels)
}

let registry = PrometheusCollectorRegistry(sanitizer: mySanitizer)
let factory = PrometheusMetricsFactory(factory: registry)

// swift-metrics
MetricsSystem.bootstrap(factory)

Workarounds

Developers must validate user input before using it as metric names, label names or values. This follows common practice of not trusting any user input without sanitization.

Credits

We would like to thank Jonas Dörr for bringing out attention to the issue.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "SwiftURL",
        "name": "github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0-alpha.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0-alpha.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.0.0-alpha.1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28867"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-74"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-03-29T19:05:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-29T15:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nIn code which applies _un-sanitized string values into metric names or labels_, like this:\n\n```swift\nlet lang = try? request.query-get(String.self, at: \"lang\")\nCounter (\n  label: \"language\", \n  dimensions: [(\"lang\", lang ?? \"unknown\" )]\n)\n```\n\nan attacker could make use of this and send a `?lang` query parameter containing newlines, `}`  or similar characters which can lead to the attacker taking over the exported format -- including creating unbounded numbers of stored metrics, inflating server memory usage, or causing \"bogus\" metrics.\n\n### Patches\nThe default strategy to sanitize labels was moved deeper into the library, preventing illegal characters from appearing in name, label keys and values.\n\nMetric names and label names are now validated against the following requirement: `[a-zA-Z_:][a-zA-Z0-9_:]*` (for metric names) and `[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*` (for metric label names). Label values are not validated as they are allowed to contain any unicode characters. Developers _must_ validate labels themselves and not allow malicious input.\n\nThe approach taken here mirrors the approach taken in the Go reference implementation.\n\n### Discussion\n\nIt is **strongly discouraged** to use un-sanitized user input as names or labels in general, because they can lead to un-bounded growth of metrics, even as this vulnerability is patched and result in a Denial-of-Service attack opportunity -- **regardless** how well the library is sanitizing the inputs. We strongly recommend only using a sanitized set of values for your metrics names and labels. E.g., a `\"lang\"` label, should only use an expected set of values that can be used, and ignore other ones -- otherwise a determined attacker could create one metric per different label key, leading to unbounded memory use growth as metrics with distinct values must be kept in memory.\n\n**Validating label values:**\n\nThe library will **NOT** automatically validate and replace strings offered as label values.\nDevelopers **must** validate label values themselves, and it is strongly recommended to only accept a well known set of values.\n\nIt is possible to configure the `PrometheusSanitizer` to apply whatever validation you deem necessary:\n\n```swift\nlet mySanitizer = PrometheusSanitizer { metricName, labels in\n  // ... your logic here ...\n  (metricName, labels)\n}\n\nlet registry = PrometheusCollectorRegistry(sanitizer: mySanitizer)\nlet factory = PrometheusMetricsFactory(factory: registry)\n\n// swift-metrics\nMetricsSystem.bootstrap(factory)\n```\n\n\n\n### Workarounds\n\nDevelopers must validate user input before using it as metric names, label names or values. This follows common practice of not trusting any user input without sanitization.\n\n### Credits\n\nWe would like to thank Jonas D\u00f6rr for bringing out attention to the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r",
  "modified": "2024-03-29T19:05:26Z",
  "published": "2024-03-29T19:05:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28867"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Un-sanitized metric name or labels can be used to take over exported metrics"
}

GSD-2024-28867

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2024-04-02 05:02

Details

Aliases

CVE-2024-28867

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
    "osvSchema": {
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2024-28867"
      ],
      "details": "Swift Prometheus is a Swift client for the Prometheus monitoring system, supporting counters, gauges and histograms. In code which applies _un-sanitized string values into metric names or labels_, an attacker could make use of this and send a `?lang` query parameter containing newlines, `}`  or similar characters which can lead to the attacker taking over the exported format -- including creating unbounded numbers of stored metrics, inflating server memory usage, or causing \"bogus\" metrics. This vulnerability is fixed in2.0.0-alpha.2.",
      "id": "GSD-2024-28867",
      "modified": "2024-04-02T05:02:55.793806Z",
      "schema_version": "1.4.0"
    }
  },
  "namespaces": {
    "cve.org": {
      "CVE_data_meta": {
        "ASSIGNER": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "ID": "CVE-2024-28867",
        "STATE": "PUBLIC"
      },
      "affects": {
        "vendor": {
          "vendor_data": [
            {
              "product": {
                "product_data": [
                  {
                    "product_name": "swift-prometheus",
                    "version": {
                      "version_data": [
                        {
                          "version_affected": "=",
                          "version_value": "= 2.0.0-alpha.1"
                        }
                      ]
                    }
                  }
                ]
              },
              "vendor_name": "swift-server"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "data_format": "MITRE",
      "data_type": "CVE",
      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "Swift Prometheus is a Swift client for the Prometheus monitoring system, supporting counters, gauges and histograms. In code which applies _un-sanitized string values into metric names or labels_, an attacker could make use of this and send a `?lang` query parameter containing newlines, `}`  or similar characters which can lead to the attacker taking over the exported format -- including creating unbounded numbers of stored metrics, inflating server memory usage, or causing \"bogus\" metrics. This vulnerability is fixed in2.0.0-alpha.2."
          }
        ]
      },
      "impact": {
        "cvss": [
          {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 5.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "cweId": "CWE-74",
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component (\u0027Injection\u0027)"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501"
          }
        ]
      },
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      }
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "cve": {
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Swift Prometheus is a Swift client for the Prometheus monitoring system, supporting counters, gauges and histograms. In code which applies _un-sanitized string values into metric names or labels_, an attacker could make use of this and send a `?lang` query parameter containing newlines, `}`  or similar characters which can lead to the attacker taking over the exported format -- including creating unbounded numbers of stored metrics, inflating server memory usage, or causing \"bogus\" metrics. This vulnerability is fixed in2.0.0-alpha.2."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2024-28867",
        "lastModified": "2024-04-01T01:12:59.077",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "baseScore": 5.9,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2024-03-29T15:15:11.180",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/commit/bfcd4bbfabe11aae4b035424ee9724582e288501"
          },
          {
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "url": "https://github.com/swift-server/swift-prometheus/security/advisories/GHSA-x768-cvr2-345r"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-74"
              }
            ],
            "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
            "type": "Secondary"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2024-28867 (GCVE-0-2024-28867)

EUVD-2026-224873

FKIE_CVE-2024-28867

GHSA-X768-CVR2-345R

Impact

Patches

Discussion

Workarounds

Credits

GSD-2024-28867

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour