Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-93
AllowedImproper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.
433 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-57804 (GCVE-0-2025-57804)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 21:04 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
h2 allows HTTP Request Smuggling due to illegal characters in headers
Summary
h2 is a pure-Python implementation of a HTTP/2 protocol stack. Prior to version 4.3.0, an HTTP/2 request splitting vulnerability allows attackers to perform request smuggling attacks by injecting CRLF characters into headers. This occurs when servers downgrade HTTP/2 requests to HTTP/1.1 without properly validating header names/values, enabling attackers to manipulate request boundaries and bypass security controls. This issue has been patched in version 4.3.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-26 19:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/python-hyper/h2/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/python-hyper/h2/commit/035e989… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| python-hyper | h2 |
Affected:
< 4.3.0
|
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CVE-2025-54972 (GCVE-0-2025-54972)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-18 17:01 – Updated: 2026-01-14 09:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An improper neutralization of crlf sequences ('crlf injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.5, FortiMail 7.2 all versions, FortiMail 7.0 all versions may allow an attacker to inject headers in the response via convincing a user to click on a specifically crafted link
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-19 14:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-93 - Information disclosure
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiMail |
Affected:
7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.3
(semver)
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.5 (semver) Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.9 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.9 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-53094 (GCVE-0-2025-53094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-27 19:57 – Updated: 2025-06-27 20:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ESPAsyncWebServer Vulnerable to CRLF Injection in AsyncWebHeader.cpp
Summary
ESPAsyncWebServer is an asynchronous HTTP and WebSocket server library for ESP32, ESP8266, RP2040 and RP2350. In versions up to and including 3.7.8, a CRLF (Carriage Return Line Feed) injection vulnerability exists in the construction and output of HTTP headers within `AsyncWebHeader.cpp`. Unsanitized input allows attackers to inject CR (`\r`) or LF (`\n`) characters into header names or values, leading to arbitrary header or response manipulation. Manipulation of HTTP headers and responses can enable a wide range of attacks, making the severity of this vulnerability high. A fix is available at pull request 211 and is expected to be part of version 3.7.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-27 20:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/s… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP32Async | ESPAsyncWebServer |
Affected:
<= 3.7.8
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CVE-2025-52479 (GCVE-0-2025-52479)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 16:06 – Updated: 2026-05-07 20:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTP.jl vulnerable to CR/LF Injection in URIs
Summary
HTTP.jl provides HTTP client and server functionality for Julia, and URIs.jl parses and works with Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs.jl prior to version 1.6.0 and HTTP.jl prior to version 1.10.17 allows the construction of URIs containing CR/LF characters. If user input was not otherwise escaped or protected, this can lead to a CRLF injection attack. Users of HTTP.jl should upgrade immediately to HTTP.jl v1.10.17, and users of URIs.jl should upgrade immediately to URIs.jl v1.6.0. The check for valid URIs is now in the URI.jl package, and the latest version of HTTP.jl incorporates that fix. As a workaround, manually validate any URIs before passing them on to functions in this package.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-26 19:52 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
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CVE-2025-48388 (GCVE-0-2025-48388)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 09:16 – Updated: 2025-05-29 13:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeScout Has Insufficient Protection Against CRLF-injection
Summary
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.178, the application performs insufficient validation of user-supplied data, which is used as arguments to string formatting functions. As a result, an attacker can pass a string containing special symbols (\r, \n, \t)to the application. This issue has been patched in version 1.8.178.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-29 13:28 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| freescout-help-desk | freescout |
Affected:
< 1.8.178
|
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CVE-2025-41376 (GCVE-0-2025-41376)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 12:29 – Updated: 2025-09-11 08:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CRLF Injection in Limesurvey
Summary
CRLF Injection vulnerability in Limesurvey v2.65.1+170522. This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and perform HTTP response splitting attacks via '/index.php/survey/index/sid/<SID>/token/fwyfw%0d%0aCookie:%20POC'.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-01 13:18 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LimeSurvey | LimeSurvey |
Affected:
3.0
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CVE-2025-40671 (GCVE-0-2025-40671)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-26 09:08 – Updated: 2025-06-04 09:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SQL injection vulnerability in AES Multimedia's Gestnet
Summary
SQL injection vulnerability in AES Multimedia's Gestnet v1.07. This vulnerability allows an attacker to retrieve, create, update and delete databases via the ‘fk_remoto_central’ parameter on the ‘/webservices/articles.php’ endpoint.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-27 14:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AES Multimedia | Gestnet |
Affected:
1.07
|
Date Public
2025-05-26 09:00
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CVE-2025-27111 (GCVE-0-2025-27111)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-04 15:26 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Escape Sequence Injection vulnerability in Rack lead to Possible Log Injection
Summary
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. The Rack::Sendfile middleware logs unsanitised header values from the X-Sendfile-Type header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.12, 3.0.13, and 3.1.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-04 15:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/803aa221e8302… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/aeac570bb8080… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/b13bc6bfc7506… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-25184 (GCVE-0-2025-25184)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-12 16:20 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Possible Log Injection in Rack::CommonLogger
Summary
Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10, Rack::CommonLogger can be exploited by crafting input that includes newline characters to manipulate log entries. The supplied proof-of-concept demonstrates injecting malicious content into logs. When a user provides the authorization credentials via Rack::Auth::Basic, if success, the username will be put in env['REMOTE_USER'] and later be used by Rack::CommonLogger for logging purposes. The issue occurs when a server intentionally or unintentionally allows a user creation with the username contain CRLF and white space characters, or the server just want to log every login attempts. If an attacker enters a username with CRLF character, the logger will log the malicious username with CRLF characters into the logfile. Attackers can break log formats or insert fraudulent entries, potentially obscuring real activity or injecting malicious data into log files. Versions 2.2.11, 3.0.12, and 3.1.10 contain a fix.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-12 19:09 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/074ae244430cd… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-15282 (GCVE-0-2025-15282)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-20 21:35 – Updated: 2026-03-03 14:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Header injection via newlines in data URL mediatype
Summary
User-controlled data URLs parsed by urllib.request.DataHandler allow injecting headers through newlines in the data URL mediatype.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-21 15:40 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python Software Foundation | CPython |
Affected:
0 , < 3.10.20
(python)
Affected: 3.11.0 , < 3.11.15 (python) Affected: 3.12.0 , < 3.12.13 (python) Affected: 3.13.0 , < 3.13.12 (python) Affected: 3.14.0 , < 3.14.3 (python) Affected: 3.15.0a1 , < 3.15.0a6 (python) |
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Mitigation
Implementation
Avoid using CRLF as a special sequence.
Mitigation
Implementation
Appropriately filter or quote CRLF sequences in user-controlled input.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.