Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-88

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.

712 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-57572 (GCVE-0-2026-57572)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 20:16 – Updated: 2026-07-08 19:42
VLAI
Title
Crawl4AI: Unauthenticated RCE via Chromium launch-argument injection in browser_config.extra_args
Summary
Crawl4AI is an open-source LLM-friendly web crawler and scraper. Prior to 0.9.0, the Docker API server accepted request-supplied browser_config.extra_args, which flowed into Chromium's launch arguments. An attacker could inject Chromium switches that replace a child-process launch command together with --no-zygote, causing Chromium to fork or exec an attacker-controlled command as the container's runtime user. The Docker API is unauthenticated by default, so a single request yields arbitrary command execution. This issue is fixed in version 0.9.0.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-08 17:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
unclecode crawl4ai Affected: < 0.9.0
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CVE-2026-55887 (GCVE-0-2026-55887)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:45 – Updated: 2026-09-15 18:02
VLAI
Title
MCP Gateway: Argument injection via OCI image label YAML in Docker MCP Gateway
Summary
MCP Gateway allows easy and secure running and deployment of MCP servers. From 0.21.0 until 0.42.2, Docker MCP Gateway YAML-unmarshalled the attacker-controlled io.docker.server.metadata OCI image label into the broad catalog.Server structure for direct docker:// references and catalog snapshot imports in pkg/oci/self_contained.go and pkg/workingset/workingset.go. Runtime-shaping fields including Volumes, User, and ExtraHosts were then appended to the docker run argument vector without an origin allowlist, allowing a malicious image author to request host filesystem or Docker socket mounts and UID 0 execution when a victim selected or pulled the image. This container-creation-time boundary bypass can execute arbitrary code on the host and is not prevented by no-new-privileges because no in-container privilege escalation is required. This issue is fixed in version 0.42.2.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 17:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
docker mcp-gateway Affected: >= 0.21.0, < 0.42.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-55673 (GCVE-0-2026-55673)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 18:36 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:51
VLAI
Title
PowSyBl: Command Injection in LocalCommandExecutor-s
Summary
PowSyBl (Power System Blocks) is a framework to build power system oriented software. Prior to 7.2.2, UnixLocalCommandExecutor and WindowsLocalCommandExecutor concatenate command arguments and environment variables into strings interpreted through bash -c or cmd /c without sufficient escaping. Attacker-controlled values reaching UnixLocalCommandExecutor.execute, WindowsLocalCommandExecutor.execute, LocalComputationManager.execute, ParallelLoadFlowActionSimulator.run, ActionSimulatorTool.run, AmplModelRunner.run, or AmplModelRunner.runAsync can break out of the intended command and execute arbitrary shell commands as the JVM user. The affected itools paths include action-simulator with task-count, security-analysis with external, and dynamic-security-analysis. Downstream CLI tools, libraries, REST front ends, and multi-tenant grid-analysis services that forward less-trusted contingency identifiers or computation parameters into these APIs can expose the injection remotely. This issue is fixed in version 7.2.2.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
powsybl powsybl-core Affected: < 7.2.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55061 (GCVE-0-2026-55061)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 18:23 – Updated: 2026-09-18 14:44
VLAI
Title
uniget: EDITOR Command Injection in uniget CLI
Summary
uniget is a universal installer and updater for (container) tools. Prior to 0.27.6, the hooks edit command in cmd/uniget/hooks.go parses UNIGET_EDITOR or EDITOR with strings.Split(editor, " ") and passes every space-delimited suffix as an argument to the selected editor executable. An attacker who can influence the editor environment and cause hook editing can supply unexpected editor arguments, potentially causing unintended actions with the privileges of the uniget process account. Go os/exec does not evaluate shell operators in these arguments, so the advisory's wrapper demonstration establishes argument delivery but does not establish shell command interpretation. This issue is fixed in version 0.27.6.
Severity
1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 14:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
uniget-org cli Affected: < 0.27.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54686 (GCVE-0-2026-54686)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 17:28 – Updated: 2026-06-25 17:05
VLAI
Title
Warp: DCS lifecycle hook spoofing can alter terminal session metadata
Summary
Warp is an agentic development environment. From 0.2021.04.25.23.05.stable_00 until 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01, Warp accepted certain state-mutating terminal lifecycle hooks from the PTY stream without verifying that the hooks were emitted by Warp's shell integration for the active session. An attacker who could cause a victim to view attacker-controlled terminal output in Warp could spoof selected lifecycle metadata, including the current working directory reported for the active block or SSH session transport metadata. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.2026.05.06.15.42.stable_01.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 17:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
warpdotdev warp Affected: >= 0.2021.04.25.23.05.stable_00, < 0.2026.05.13.09.15.stable_01
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54501 (GCVE-0-2026-54501)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 20:15 – Updated: 2026-09-17 20:23
VLAI
Title
Browsertrix: Arbitrary Command Injection due to Improper Command Sanitization in Git URLs specified as Custom Behaviors
Summary
Browsertrix is a high-fidelity, browser-based crawling service for web archiving that can be self-hosted or used through Webrecorder's hosted instance. From 1.15.0 until 1.22.8, Browsertrix improperly sanitizes Git URLs specified as Custom Behaviors, allowing command injection through /api/orgs/*/crawlconfigs/validate/custom-behavior. A user with crawler or administrator permission on the specific instance can supply a crafted Git URL that executes arbitrary operating-system commands in the backend pod. Open registration or hosted free-trial access can make the required role broadly obtainable. Successful exploitation can expose, modify, or delete application database records, archived items, browser profiles, storage data, proxy credentials, and other configured service data. This issue is fixed in version 1.22.8.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 20:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
  • CWE-250 - Execution with Unnecessary Privileges
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
webrecorder browsertrix Affected: >= 1.15.0, < 1.22.8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54337 (GCVE-0-2026-54337)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 20:22 – Updated: 2026-09-16 18:36
VLAI
Title
Fireshare has Unauthenticated Argument Injection to Arbitrary File Write/Overwrite
Summary
Fireshare facilitates self-hosted media and link sharing. Prior to version 1.6.14, an argument Injection in the video upload function allows unauthenticated attacker to write/overwrite system files. Version 1.6.14 fixes the issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 18:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ShaneIsrael fireshare Affected: < 1.6.14
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54088 (GCVE-0-2026-54088)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 17:49 – Updated: 2026-06-25 18:36
VLAI
Title
File Browser: Command Injection via Authentication Hook Shell Substitution (Pre-Authentication RCE)
Summary
File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. Prior to 2.63.6, the Hook Authentication feature in File Browser allows administrators to delegate login verification to an external shell command. User-supplied credentials (username and password) are interpolated into this command string using os.Expand without sanitization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can inject shell metacharacters in the username or password field at the login screen, causing the server to execute arbitrary OS commands before any authentication takes place. This is a critical pre-authentication RCE. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.63.6.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 18:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
filebrowser filebrowser Affected: < 2.63.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-54085 (GCVE-0-2026-54085)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 22:55 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:26
VLAI
Title
Wazuh: Missing input validation in multiple active response scripts allows argument injection
Summary
Wazuh is an open-source security platform providing unified XDR and SIEM protection for endpoints and cloud workloads. In versions 4.2.0 through 4.14.6, multiple active response scripts pass attacker-influenced alert fields to privileged system commands without validating their format, allowing argument injection into tools that run as root. Five of the eight scripts that handle the srcip field, route-null.c, netsh.c, pf.c, npf.c, and ipfw.c, omit the get_ip_version() check that rejects non-IP input, and disable-account.c passes the dstuser field to passwd/chuser with only a comparison against "root". An attacker who can inject crafted log events, for example via syslog, can supply srcip or dstuser values that, when an active response rule triggers, are passed unvalidated to firewall and account-management commands such as pfctl, npfctl, ipfw, route, netsh, and passwd. This enables injecting additional command arguments, and on Windows the unquoted CreateProcess command-line concatenation in wpopenv() lets a srcip containing spaces add further arguments, while disable-account.c can be abused to lock arbitrary system accounts. This issue is fixed in version 4.14.7.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wazuh wazuh Affected: >= 4.2.0, < 4.14.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-53790 (GCVE-0-2026-53790)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 14:37 – Updated: 2026-08-14 16:50
VLAI
Title
rsync < 3.5.0 Command Injection via Multiple Code Paths
Summary
rsync before 3.5.0 contains multiple command and argument injection vulnerabilities that allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands by supplying malicious input through several code paths, including the RSYNC_CONNECT_PROG environment variable, daemon hooks, the rsync-ssl wrapper, and remote-shell command newline injection. Attackers can inject shell metacharacters or newline characters into unsanitized user-supplied values such as hostnames and hostspecs to execute arbitrary commands under the privileges of the rsync process or the invoking user.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 15:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RsyncProject rsync Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.4.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.5.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:samba:rsync:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Credits
4drez
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Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Parameterization

Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation

Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.

Mitigation
Implementation
  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
  • Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

Mitigation
Implementation

When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.

Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection

An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.

CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection

An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.

CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads

This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.

CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)

An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.

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