CWE-88
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.
715 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W287-4MR4-4V3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-12 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33A vulnerability in the Mitel 6800 Series, 6900 Series, and 6900w Series SIP Phones, including the 6970 Conference Unit, through R6.4.0.HF1 (R6.4.0.136) could allow an authenticated attacker with administrative privilege to conduct an argument injection attack, due to insufficient parameter sanitization during the boot process. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the context of the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41710"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-12T19:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Mitel 6800 Series, 6900 Series, and 6900w Series SIP Phones, including the 6970 Conference Unit, through R6.4.0.HF1 (R6.4.0.136) could allow an authenticated attacker with administrative privilege to conduct an argument injection attack, due to insufficient parameter sanitization during the boot process. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands within the context of the system.",
"id": "GHSA-w287-4mr4-4v3v",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:05Z",
"published": "2024-08-12T21:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kwburns/CVE/blob/main/Mitel/6.3.0.1020/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-41710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mitel.com/support/security-advisories/mitel-product-security-advisory-24-0019"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W2VW-W76X-QR89
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-05 23:29 – Updated: 2026-10-05 23:29Summary
Nx core builds several git invocations as shell command strings with untrusted values interpolated into them, so a value that should be a git revision or ref is parsed by /bin/sh instead. Two entry points are reachable by an attacker: affected commands, where defaultBase / affected.defaultBase from nx.json (and the NX_BASE / NX_HEAD environment variables) reach git merge-base and git diff; and nx import, where a branch name advertised by a remote repository reaches git fetch, git checkout, and git config. In both cases an attacker who controls a repository — or who opens a pull request against one — gets arbitrary command execution on the machine of anyone who runs an ordinary Nx command against it, including CI runners.
The affected path is the more serious of the two. nx affected and nx show projects --affected run constantly in CI, so a pull request that changes nothing but nx.json is enough to execute code on the runner with whatever credentials that job holds.
Severity
Exploitable by anyone who controls repository content — a fork's pull request, or a repository the victim clones — that the victim then runs an ordinary nx affected or nx import against; no access to the victim's machine is required. We have no evidence of exploitation in the wild.
Affected & Patched Versions
| Package | Vulnerable | Patched |
|---|---|---|
nx |
>= 14.0.0, < 22.7.8; >= 23.0.0, < 23.1.1 |
22.7.8, 23.1.1 |
Treat every version below the patched ones as affected.
Remediation
Upgrade to 22.7.8 (22.x line) or 23.1.1 (23.x line) or later:
nx migrate 23.1.1
The fix is a drop-in — no configuration changes are required. If you cannot upgrade, treat nx.json from untrusted sources as executable content, do not run affected commands against pull requests you have not reviewed, and do not run nx import against repositories you do not trust.
Details
affected commands
Nx computes the merge base and the changed-file set by building git merge-base and git diff command lines as strings and running them through a shell. The base and head revisions in those strings come from nx.json's defaultBase / affected.defaultBase or from the NX_BASE / NX_HEAD environment variables, and a related code path reads file contents with git show <revision>:<path> the same way. Because a shell parses the whole line, a revision value containing shell syntax is executed rather than passed to git.
The revisions are wrapped in double quotes, which looks protective but is not: POSIX shells still perform command substitution inside double quotes, so a value of $(…) runs without needing to break out of the quotes.
nx import
The GitRepository helper runs every git operation — fetch, checkout, reset, config, and others — by interpolating its arguments into a shell command string. The untrusted argument is a branch name: nx import lists the branches a remote advertises, offers them to the user to choose from, and feeds the chosen name back into those commands. A hostile repository controls the names of its own branches, so it controls the command that runs when one is selected.
Credits
- Arkadiusz Marta (RE:SOURCE) — Reporter
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nx"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "14.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "22.7.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nx"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "23.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "23.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-78",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-10-05T23:29:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nNx core builds several `git` invocations as shell command strings with untrusted values interpolated into them, so a value that should be a git revision or ref is parsed by `/bin/sh` instead. Two entry points are reachable by an attacker: `affected` commands, where `defaultBase` / `affected.defaultBase` from `nx.json` (and the `NX_BASE` / `NX_HEAD` environment variables) reach `git merge-base` and `git diff`; and `nx import`, where a branch name advertised by a remote repository reaches `git fetch`, `git checkout`, and `git config`. In both cases an attacker who controls a repository \u2014 or who opens a pull request against one \u2014 gets arbitrary command execution on the machine of anyone who runs an ordinary Nx command against it, including CI runners.\n\nThe `affected` path is the more serious of the two. `nx affected` and `nx show projects --affected` run constantly in CI, so a pull request that changes nothing but `nx.json` is enough to execute code on the runner with whatever credentials that job holds.\n\n## Severity\n\nExploitable by anyone who controls repository content \u2014 a fork\u0027s pull request, or a repository the victim clones \u2014 that the victim then runs an ordinary `nx affected` or `nx import` against; no access to the victim\u0027s machine is required. We have no evidence of exploitation in the wild.\n\n## Affected \u0026 Patched Versions\n\n| Package | Vulnerable | Patched |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| `nx` | `\u003e= 14.0.0, \u003c 22.7.8`; `\u003e= 23.0.0, \u003c 23.1.1` | `22.7.8`, `23.1.1` |\n\nTreat every version below the patched ones as affected.\n\n## Remediation\n\nUpgrade to **22.7.8** (22.x line) or **23.1.1** (23.x line) or later:\n\n```\nnx migrate 23.1.1\n```\n\nThe fix is a drop-in \u2014 no configuration changes are required. If you cannot upgrade, treat `nx.json` from untrusted sources as executable content, do not run `affected` commands against pull requests you have not reviewed, and do not run `nx import` against repositories you do not trust.\n\n## Details\n\n### `affected` commands\n\nNx computes the merge base and the changed-file set by building `git merge-base` and `git diff` command lines as strings and running them through a shell. The base and head revisions in those strings come from `nx.json`\u0027s `defaultBase` / `affected.defaultBase` or from the `NX_BASE` / `NX_HEAD` environment variables, and a related code path reads file contents with `git show \u003crevision\u003e:\u003cpath\u003e` the same way. Because a shell parses the whole line, a revision value containing shell syntax is executed rather than passed to `git`.\n\nThe revisions are wrapped in double quotes, which looks protective but is not: POSIX shells still perform command substitution inside double quotes, so a value of `$(\u2026)` runs without needing to break out of the quotes.\n\n### `nx import`\n\nThe `GitRepository` helper runs every git operation \u2014 `fetch`, `checkout`, `reset`, `config`, and others \u2014 by interpolating its arguments into a shell command string. The untrusted argument is a branch name: `nx import` lists the branches a remote advertises, offers them to the user to choose from, and feeds the chosen name back into those commands. A hostile repository controls the names of its own branches, so it controls the command that runs when one is selected.\n\n\n## Credits\n\n- **Arkadiusz Marta** (RE:SOURCE) \u2014 Reporter",
"id": "GHSA-w2vw-w76x-qr89",
"modified": "2026-10-05T23:29:06Z",
"published": "2026-10-05T23:29:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/security/advisories/GHSA-w2vw-w76x-qr89"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/pull/36348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/pull/36379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/11ab38573478172109bb5306cb30ca4af246caf0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/4159295a037fdbd8e7f44a33a19d85ab3792415b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/9ce184a04d2098a4797c8b0d6877ee079b751abf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/c12850ce7b364db08e325c13541641d754db7123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/cd9b3c068e17adc9c1722b35b9ca962b98542c20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/commit/cf996496bbad727362d48292b50fafc8c3665847"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/releases/tag/22.7.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nrwl/nx/releases/tag/23.1.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Nx: OS command injection via git revisions and remote refs"
}
GHSA-W46M-W25C-WX2R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 03:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 03:30Argument injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.1 and 9.1R18.7 and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.1 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39711"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T02:15:19Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Argument injection in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.1 and 9.1R18.7 and Ivanti Policy Secure before version 22.7R1.1 allows a remote authenticated attacker with admin privileges to achieve remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-w46m-w25c-wx2r",
"modified": "2024-11-13T03:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-11-13T03:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39711"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Connect-Secure-ICS-Ivanti-Policy-Secure-IPS-Ivanti-Secure-Access-Client-ISAC-Multiple-CVEs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W4W3-5RJF-GVQH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 06:55 – Updated: 2022-05-01 06:55Argument injection vulnerability in Internet Explorer 6 for Windows XP SP2 allows user-assisted remote attackers to modify command line arguments to an invoked mail client via " (double quote) characters in a mailto: scheme handler, as demonstrated by launching Microsoft Outlook with an arbitrary filename as an attachment. NOTE: it is not clear whether this issue is implementation-specific or a problem in the Microsoft API.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-2056"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-04-26T20:06:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Argument injection vulnerability in Internet Explorer 6 for Windows XP SP2 allows user-assisted remote attackers to modify command line arguments to an invoked mail client via \" (double quote) characters in a mailto: scheme handler, as demonstrated by launching Microsoft Outlook with an arbitrary filename as an attachment. NOTE: it is not clear whether this issue is implementation-specific or a problem in the Microsoft API.",
"id": "GHSA-w4w3-5rjf-gvqh",
"modified": "2022-05-01T06:55:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T06:55:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-2056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/26118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ingehenriksen.blogspot.com/2006/04/office-2003-file-attachment-exploit.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/432009/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/1538"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-W53V-Q6C8-R55C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-16 00:31 – Updated: 2026-09-16 00:31Netcore NR255-V version 1.5.130703 contains an os command argument injection vulnerability in the Nettools tcpdump launch paths, including ntools_start_set_cgi, ntools_tcpdump_start_set_cgi, exe_default, and ntools_proc components. Attackers can inject crafted arguments into these tcpdump launch routines to manipulate executed system commands on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-76862"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T22:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Netcore NR255-V version 1.5.130703 contains an os command argument injection vulnerability in the Nettools tcpdump launch paths, including ntools_start_set_cgi, ntools_tcpdump_start_set_cgi, exe_default, and ntools_proc components. Attackers can inject crafted arguments into these tcpdump launch routines to manipulate executed system commands on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-w53v-q6c8-r55c",
"modified": "2026-09-16T00:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-09-16T00:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-76862"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/draw-ctf/netcore-router-public-refs/blob/main/2026.08.19-netcore-nr255v-tcpdump-arg-injection.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netcore-nr255-v-1.5.130703-os-command-argument-injection-in-nettools-tcpdump-launch-paths"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W8P5-MX5W-CPQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 09:33 – Updated: 2026-07-16 19:30A flaw was found in ansible-core. The ansible-galaxy role install command processes dependency specifications from a role's meta/requirements.yml file. Due to improper neutralization of argument delimiters, a malicious role author can inject arbitrary git configuration flags through the src field. This allows arbitrary code execution on the machine of a user who installs the role via ansible-galaxy role install.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.16.19rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.17.0b1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.18rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0b1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.19.11rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.20.0b1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.20.7rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "ansible-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.21.0b1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.1rc1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-11332"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-16T19:30:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-05T09:16:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in ansible-core. The ansible-galaxy role install command processes dependency specifications from a role\u0027s meta/requirements.yml file. Due to improper neutralization of argument delimiters, a malicious role author can inject arbitrary git configuration flags through the src field. This allows arbitrary code execution on the machine of a user who installs the role via ansible-galaxy role install.",
"id": "GHSA-w8p5-mx5w-cpqj",
"modified": "2026-07-16T19:30:13Z",
"published": "2026-06-05T09:33:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/pull/87070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible/commit/edee59aa15abcc74d920bb3e9c3835ab8db05a2f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-11332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2485379"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ansible/ansible"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-11332.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ansible-core: Argument injection in ansible-galaxy role install leads to arbitrary code execution"
}
GHSA-W8XW-7CRF-H23X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-16 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-21 16:07Gitea before 1.17.3 does not sanitize and escape refs in the git backend. Arguments to git commands are mishandled.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.17.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-21T16:07:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-16T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Gitea before 1.17.3 does not sanitize and escape refs in the git backend. Arguments to git commands are mishandled.",
"id": "GHSA-w8xw-7crf-h23x",
"modified": "2022-10-21T16:07:23Z",
"published": "2022-10-16T12:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/21463"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.17.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Gitea vulnerable to Argument Injection"
}
GHSA-W99V-7JP5-46GC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:15 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:15Internet Explorer 5.5 and earlier executes Telnet sessions using command line arguments that are specified by the web site, which could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands if the IE client is using the Telnet client provided in Services for Unix (SFU) 2.0, which creates session transcripts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2001-0150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2001-06-02T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Internet Explorer 5.5 and earlier executes Telnet sessions using command line arguments that are specified by the web site, which could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands if the IE client is using the Telnet client provided in Services for Unix (SFU) 2.0, which creates session transcripts.",
"id": "GHSA-w99v-7jp5-46gc",
"modified": "2022-04-30T18:15:30Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:15:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2001-0150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2001/ms01-015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/6230"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/7816"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/2463"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-W9PM-7CXW-VW6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-27 15:32 – Updated: 2024-08-27 15:32The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are critical to the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3980"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-27T13:15:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file\nnames that are used in filesystem operations, allowing the attacker to access or modify system files or other files that are\ncritical to the application.",
"id": "GHSA-w9pm-7cxw-vw6j",
"modified": "2024-08-27T15:32:47Z",
"published": "2024-08-27T15:32:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3980"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://publisher.hitachienergy.com/preview?DocumentID=8DBD000160\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W9R8-XH84-C8WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 21:31 – Updated: 2025-02-03 18:30Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - GlobalBlocking Extension allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Mediawiki - GlobalBlocking Extension: from 1.39.X before 1.39.11, from 1.41.X before 1.41.3, from 1.42.X before 1.42.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-23073"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T19:15:45Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - GlobalBlocking Extension allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects Mediawiki - GlobalBlocking Extension: from 1.39.X before 1.39.11, from 1.41.X before 1.41.3, from 1.42.X before 1.42.2.",
"id": "GHSA-w9r8-xh84-c8wx",
"modified": "2025-02-03T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/q/I2a2d32aedf6328be0a9f1b4e04a6567a25f19486"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377855"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Parameterization
Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.
Mitigation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
Mitigation
When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection
An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.
CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection
An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.
CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads
This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.
CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.