CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5835 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W5C9-9MC5-JW55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-12 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-12 03:30A vulnerability was found in 1Panel-dev MaxKB up to 2.6.1. The affected element is the function execute of the file apps/application/flow/step_node/mcp_node/impl/base_mcp_node.py of the component Model Context Protocol Node. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6108"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-12T01:16:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in 1Panel-dev MaxKB up to 2.6.1. The affected element is the function execute of the file apps/application/flow/step_node/mcp_node/impl/base_mcp_node.py of the component Model Context Protocol Node. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.",
"id": "GHSA-w5c9-9mc5-jw55",
"modified": "2026-04-12T03:30:25Z",
"published": "2026-04-12T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AnalogyC0de/public_exp/issues/30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/782279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356968/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5JP-MX9H-36W9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-25 06:34 – Updated: 2024-11-25 06:34A vulnerability has been found in EnGenius ENH1350EXT, ENS500-AC and ENS620EXT up to 20241118 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/network/ajax_getChannelList. The manipulation of the argument countryCode leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11658"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-25T06:15:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in EnGenius ENH1350EXT, ENS500-AC and ENS620EXT up to 20241118 and classified as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /admin/network/ajax_getChannelList. The manipulation of the argument countryCode leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-w5jp-mx9h-36w9",
"modified": "2024-11-25T06:34:59Z",
"published": "2024-11-25T06:34:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://k9u7kv33ub.feishu.cn/wiki/VyKHwBhydiyeuDkATo9cFZTDnHb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.285979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.285979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.446641"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5M8-5V9M-XHX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-02-12 17:26 – Updated: 2021-09-21 17:56Haraka version 2.8.8 and earlier comes with a plugin for processing attachments for zip files. Versions 2.8.8 and earlier can be vulnerable to command injection.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "Haraka"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.8.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1000282"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:59:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Haraka version 2.8.8 and earlier comes with a plugin for processing attachments for zip files. Versions 2.8.8 and earlier can be vulnerable to command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-w5m8-5v9m-xhx5",
"modified": "2021-09-21T17:56:29Z",
"published": "2019-02-12T17:26:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1000282"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-w5m8-5v9m-xhx5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/outflanknl/Exploits/blob/master/harakiri-CVE-2016-1000282.py"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Critical severity vulnerability that affects Haraka"
}
GHSA-W5MW-F2HQ-5FW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-11 18:30 – Updated: 2023-01-19 01:00A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in IonicaBizau node-gry up to 5.x. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to command injection. Upgrading to version 6.0.0 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 5108446c1e23960d65e8b973f1d9486f9f9dbd6c. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-218019.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "gry"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36650"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-01-11T22:02:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in IonicaBizau node-gry up to 5.x. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to command injection. Upgrading to version 6.0.0 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 5108446c1e23960d65e8b973f1d9486f9f9dbd6c. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-218019.",
"id": "GHSA-w5mw-f2hq-5fw8",
"modified": "2023-01-19T01:00:50Z",
"published": "2023-01-11T18:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/IonicaBizau/node-gry/pull/22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/IonicaBizau/node-gry/commit/5108446c1e23960d65e8b973f1d9486f9f9dbd6c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/IonicaBizau/node-gry"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/IonicaBizau/node-gry/releases/tag/6.0.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.218019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.218019"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "gry vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-W5P4-J6P3-X252
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-07 03:30 – Updated: 2023-04-13 18:30TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313_B20191024) was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the org parameter at setting/delStaticDhcpRules.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26848"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-07T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOlink A7100RU(V7.4cu.2313_B20191024) was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the org parameter at setting/delStaticDhcpRules.",
"id": "GHSA-w5p4-j6p3-x252",
"modified": "2023-04-13T18:30:29Z",
"published": "2023-04-07T03:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Am1ngl/ttt/tree/main/23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5RV-4M95-8MF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-08-06 00:00Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands that are executed with root privileges. The vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on an affected device. Cisco has not released software updates that address these vulnerabilities.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1147"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-13T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to inject arbitrary commands that are executed with root privileges. The vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on an affected device. Cisco has not released software updates that address these vulnerabilities.",
"id": "GHSA-w5rv-4m95-8mf5",
"modified": "2022-08-06T00:00:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-command-inject-LBdQ2KRN"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W5VX-MWG8-R6PF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-08 00:00piwigo 11.5.0 is affected by a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the LocalFiles Editor.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40553"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-28T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "piwigo 11.5.0 is affected by a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the LocalFiles Editor.",
"id": "GHSA-w5vx-mwg8-r6pf",
"modified": "2022-07-08T00:00:45Z",
"published": "2022-06-29T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Yang9999999/vuln/blob/main/README.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W66F-4C3W-WM2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-06 21:32 – Updated: 2024-09-10 18:30DrayTek Vigor3900 v1.5.1.6 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability via the name parameter in the run_command function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44844"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-06T21:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "DrayTek Vigor3900 v1.5.1.6 was discovered to contain an authenticated command injection vulnerability via the name parameter in the run_command function.",
"id": "GHSA-w66f-4c3w-wm2w",
"modified": "2024-09-10T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2024-09-06T21:32:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/3okfc/IOT-VUL-WP/blob/main/DaryTek/vigor3900_1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/glkfc/IoT-Vulnerability/blob/main/DaryTek/vigor3900_1.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W675-V8GW-J298
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-29 03:30 – Updated: 2026-09-29 03:30A vulnerability has been found in RaspAP raspap-webgui up to 3.5.5. Affected by this vulnerability is the function escapeshellcmd of the file ajax/openvpn/del_ovpncfg.php of the component OpenVPN Configuration Handler. Such manipulation of the argument cfg_id leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-101859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-29T02:16:54Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in RaspAP raspap-webgui up to 3.5.5. Affected by this vulnerability is the function escapeshellcmd of the file ajax/openvpn/del_ovpncfg.php of the component OpenVPN Configuration Handler. Such manipulation of the argument cfg_id leads to os command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-w675-v8gw-j298",
"modified": "2026-09-29T03:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-09-29T03:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-101859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/simyat/10422042d6d5225b2beb87754de4b68c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-101859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/930258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/411093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/411093/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W67G-6GJV-C599
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-13 12:00 – Updated: 2023-01-20 22:03powerline-gitstatus (aka Powerline Gitstatus) before 1.3.2 allows arbitrary code execution. git repositories can contain per-repository configuration that changes the behavior of git, including running arbitrary commands. When using powerline-gitstatus, changing to a directory automatically runs git commands in order to display information about the current repository in the prompt. If an attacker can convince a user to change their current directory to one controlled by the attacker, such as in a shared filesystem or extracted archive, powerline-gitstatus will run arbitrary commands under the attacker's control. NOTE: this is similar to CVE-2022-20001.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "powerline-gitstatus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-13T19:13:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-13T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "powerline-gitstatus (aka Powerline Gitstatus) before 1.3.2 allows arbitrary code execution. git repositories can contain per-repository configuration that changes the behavior of git, including running arbitrary commands. When using powerline-gitstatus, changing to a directory automatically runs git commands in order to display information about the current repository in the prompt. If an attacker can convince a user to change their current directory to one controlled by the attacker, such as in a shared filesystem or extracted archive, powerline-gitstatus will run arbitrary commands under the attacker\u0027s control. NOTE: this is similar to CVE-2022-20001.",
"id": "GHSA-w67g-6gjv-c599",
"modified": "2023-01-20T22:03:09Z",
"published": "2022-10-13T12:00:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jaspernbrouwer/powerline-gitstatus/issues/45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jaspernbrouwer/powerline-gitstatus/commit/fe8e963b3489e4cceaa2c1f26f2bcc2ef405364c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jaspernbrouwer/powerline-gitstatus"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jaspernbrouwer/powerline-gitstatus/releases/tag/v1.3.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00017.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Powerline Gitstatus vulnerable to arbitrary code execution"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.