CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5835 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W3XQ-CM43-CGPM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-01 18:30 – Updated: 2023-02-10 03:30On F5OS-A beginning in version 1.2.0 to before 1.3.0 and F5OS-C beginning in version 1.3.0 to before 1.5.0, processing F5OS tenant file names may allow for command injection. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22657"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-01T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On F5OS-A beginning in version 1.2.0 to before 1.3.0 and F5OS-C beginning in version 1.3.0 to before 1.5.0, processing F5OS tenant file names may allow for command injection. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-w3xq-cm43-cgpm",
"modified": "2023-02-10T03:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-02-01T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K06345931"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W45J-F5G5-W94X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-15 03:33Apache James prior to release 3.6.3 and 3.7.1 is vulnerable to a buffering attack relying on the use of the STARTTLS command. Fix of CVE-2021-38542, which solved similar problem fron Apache James 3.6.1, is subject to a parser differential and do not take into account concurrent requests.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.james:james-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.james:james-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"3.7.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-15T03:33:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-08T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Apache James prior to release 3.6.3 and 3.7.1 is vulnerable to a buffering attack relying on the use of the STARTTLS command. Fix of CVE-2021-38542, which solved similar problem fron Apache James 3.6.1, is subject to a parser differential and do not take into account concurrent requests.",
"id": "GHSA-w45j-f5g5-w94x",
"modified": "2022-09-15T03:33:49Z",
"published": "2022-09-09T00:00:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28220"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/james-project"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://james.apache.org/james/update/2022/08/26/james-3.7.1.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/09/20/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache James vulnerable to buffering attack"
}
GHSA-W45W-C9PR-P65F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-20 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-04 15:32A potential security vulnerability has been identified in the HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software. This potential vulnerability may allow escalation of privileges and/or arbitrary code execution via operating system command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8632"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-20T21:16:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A potential security vulnerability has been identified in the HP Linux Imaging and Printing Software. This potential vulnerability may allow escalation of privileges and/or arbitrary code execution via operating system command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-w45w-c9pr-p65f",
"modified": "2026-08-04T15:32:04Z",
"published": "2026-05-20T21:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26228"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26335"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48606"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48959"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:48961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-8632"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2480297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-8632.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_14942099-14942126-16/hpsbpi04118"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W493-RCC4-RW32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-12 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:43Atos Unify OpenScape 4000 Assistant V10 R1 before V10 R1.42.0 and V10 R1.34.8 and Manager V10 R1 before V10 R1.42.0 and V10 R1.34.8 allow command injection by authenticated users, aka OSFOURK-23554.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35032"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-12T02:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Atos Unify OpenScape 4000 Assistant V10 R1 before V10 R1.42.0 and V10 R1.34.8 and Manager V10 R1 before V10 R1.42.0 and V10 R1.34.8 allow command injection by authenticated users, aka OSFOURK-23554.",
"id": "GHSA-w493-rcc4-rw32",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:43:11Z",
"published": "2023-06-12T03:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://networks.unify.com/security/advisories/OBSO-2305-01.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.news.de/technik/856882353/unify-openscape-4000-gefaehrdet-it-sicherheitswarnung-vom-bsi-und-bug-report-bekannte-schwachstellen-und-sicherheitsluecken/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W49P-H6V2-88HR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-27 21:31 – Updated: 2023-02-07 21:30D-Link DIR_878_FW1.30B08 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /setnetworksettings/IPAddress. This vulnerability allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48107"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-27T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR_878_FW1.30B08 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /setnetworksettings/IPAddress. This vulnerability allows attackers to escalate privileges to root via a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-w49p-h6v2-88hr",
"modified": "2023-02-07T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-01-27T21:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/migraine-sudo/D_Link_Vuln/tree/main/cmd%20inject%20in%20IPAddress"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W49V-8458-HH85
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:27 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-2530L before 1.06.01 Hotfix and DCS-2670L through 2.02 devices. cgi-bin/ddns_enc.cgi allows authenticated command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-25079"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-02T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-2530L before 1.06.01 Hotfix and DCS-2670L through 2.02 devices. cgi-bin/ddns_enc.cgi allows authenticated command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-w49v-8458-hh85",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:27:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.dlink.com/productinfo.aspx?m=DCS-2530L"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10180"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/Dogonsecurity/status/1271265152118259712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-25079"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W4J4-P425-4FWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2024-08-23 21:30DIR-845L router <= v1.01KRb03 has an Unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the cgibin binary via soapcgi_main function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29385"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-22T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "DIR-845L router \u003c= v1.01KRb03 has an Unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability in the cgibin binary via soapcgi_main function.",
"id": "GHSA-w4j4-p425-4fwc",
"modified": "2024-08-23T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2024-03-22T18:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29385"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/songah119/Report/blob/main/CI-1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W4J6-Q4R3-HQWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 09:31A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setWiFiEasyCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument merge results in os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T07:16:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected by this issue is the function setWiFiEasyCfg of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument merge results in os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-w4j6-q4r3-hqwr",
"modified": "2026-04-09T09:31:51Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T09:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new/blob/main/A7100RU/vul_160/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/791276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356380/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-W4JH-3CPQ-48PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 04:01 – Updated: 2022-05-14 04:01The generate_local_queue function in utils/cups-browsed.c in cups-browsed in cups-filters before 1.0.53 allows remote IPP printers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the host name. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-2707.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4336"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-06-22T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The generate_local_queue function in utils/cups-browsed.c in cups-browsed in cups-filters before 1.0.53 allows remote IPP printers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the host name. NOTE: this vulnerability exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2014-2707.",
"id": "GHSA-w4jh-3cpq-48pp",
"modified": "2022-05-14T04:01:01Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T04:01:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bzr.linuxfoundation.org/loggerhead/openprinting/cups-filters/revision/7194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/04/25/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/06/19/12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-W4MJ-MJ22-JM3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-08 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-08 18:30A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DWR-M921 1.1.50. This impacts an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formLtefotaUpgradeFibocom. Such manipulation of the argument fota_url leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2169"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-08T18:15:48Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DWR-M921 1.1.50. This impacts an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formLtefotaUpgradeFibocom. Such manipulation of the argument fota_url leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-w4mj-mj22-jm3c",
"modified": "2026-02-08T18:30:19Z",
"published": "2026-02-08T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LX-66-LX/cve-new/issues/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.748930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.