Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-425
AllowedDirect Request ('Forced Browsing')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.
297 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-47226 (GCVE-0-2025-47226)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-02 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-05 15:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Grokability Snipe-IT before 8.1.0 has incorrect authorization for accessing asset information.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-05 15:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| snipeitapp | Snipe-IT |
Affected:
0 , < 8.1.0
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:snipeitapp:snipe-it:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-46690 (GCVE-0-2025-46690)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-27 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-28 16:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Ververica Platform 2.14.0 allows low-privileged users to access SQL connectors via a direct namespaces/default/formats request.
Severity
5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-28 15:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ververica | Ververica Platform |
Affected:
2.14.0
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-41404 (GCVE-0-2025-41404)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-26 06:04 – Updated: 2025-06-26 13:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Direct request ('Forced Browsing') issue exists in iroha Board versions v0.10.12 and earlier. If this vulnerability is exploited, non-public contents may be viewed by an attacker who can log in to the affected product.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-26 13:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| iroha Soft Co., Ltd. | iroha Board |
Affected:
versions v0.10.12 and earlier
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CVE-2025-32367 (GCVE-0-2025-32367)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-11 17:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The Oz Forensics face recognition application before 4.0.8 late 2023 allows PII retrieval via /statistic/list Insecure Direct Object Reference. NOTE: the number 4.0.8 was used for both the unpatched and patched versions.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-11 17:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oz Forensics | face recognition application |
Affected:
0 , < 4.0.8 late 2023
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-31971 (GCVE-0-2025-31971)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-28 18:04 – Updated: 2025-08-28 18:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AIML Solutions for HCL SX is susceptible to a URL validation vulnerability
Summary
AIML Solutions for HCL SX is vulnerable to a URL validation vulnerability. The issue may allow attackers to launch a server-side request forgery (SSRF) attack enabling unauthorized network calls from the system, potentially exposing internal services or sensitive information.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-28 18:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCL Software | AIML Solutions for SX |
Affected:
1.0
(Framework)
|
Date Public
2025-08-28 17:45
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CVE-2025-27581 (GCVE-0-2025-27581)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-23 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-24 14:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
NIH BRICS (aka Biomedical Research Informatics Computing System) through 14.0.0-67 allows users who lack the InET role to access the InET module via direct requests to known endpoints.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-24 14:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
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CVE-2025-26689 (GCVE-0-2025-26689)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-31 04:49 – Updated: 2025-03-31 15:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Direct request ('Forced Browsing') issue exists in CHOCO TEI WATCHER mini (IB-MCT001) all versions. If a remote attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the product, the product data may be obtained or deleted, and/or the product settings may be altered.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-31 15:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inaba Denki Sangyo Co., Ltd. | CHOCO TEI WATCHER mini (IB-MCT001) |
Affected:
all versions
|
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CVE-2025-26381 (GCVE-0-2025-26381)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-17 16:13 – Updated: 2025-12-17 16:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenBlue Mobile Web Application configuration issue for optional for OpenBlue Workplace (formerly FM Systems)
Summary
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-17 16:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johnson Controls | OpenBlue Workplace (formerly FM Systems) |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2025.1.2
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-12-04 16:12
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CVE-2025-15587 (GCVE-0-2025-15587)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-16 09:26 – Updated: 2026-03-16 16:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Credentials exposure in tinycontrol devices
Summary
Tinycontrol devices such as tcPDU and LAN Controllers LK3.5, LK3.9 and LK4 allow a low privileged user to read an administrator's password by directly accessing a specific resource inaccessible via a graphical interface.
This issue has been fixed in firmware versions: 1.36 (for tcPDU), 1.67 (for LK3.5 - hardware versions: 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8), 1.75 (for LK3.9 - hardware version 3.9) and 1.38 (for LK4 - hardware version 4.0).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-16 16:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-425 - Direct Request ('Forced Browsing')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/03/CVE-2025-11500/ | third-party-advisory |
| https://tinycontrol.pl/en/archives/lan-controller… | release-notes |
| https://tinycontrol.pl/en/lk39/downloads/#firmware | release-notes |
| https://tinycontrol.pl/en/lk4/downloads/#firmware | release-notes |
| https://tinycontrol.pl/en/tcpdu/downloads/#firmware | release-notes |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tinycontrol | Lan Kontroler v3.5 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.67
(semver)
|
|
| tinycontrol | LK3.9 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.75
(semver)
|
|
| tinycontrol | LK4 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.38
(semver)
|
|
| tinycontrol | tcPDU |
Affected:
0 , < 1.36
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-03-16 09:25
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CVE-2025-15153 (GCVE-0-2025-15153)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-28 20:32 – Updated: 2026-02-24 06:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PbootCMS SQLite Database pbootcms.db file access
Summary
A weakness has been identified in PbootCMS up to 3.2.12. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /data/pbootcms.db of the component SQLite Database. Executing a manipulation can lead to files or directories accessible. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Modifying the configuration settings is advised.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-29 14:55 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.338531 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338531 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.719814 | third-party-advisory |
| https://note-hxlab.wetolink.com/share/ALC1iSa8J56A | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
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"version": "3.2.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2.12"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "pemic (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A weakness has been identified in PbootCMS up to 3.2.12. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /data/pbootcms.db of the component SQLite Database. Executing a manipulation can lead to files or directories accessible. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Modifying the configuration settings is advised."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 3.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:W/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 3.7,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:W/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 2.6,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N/E:POC/RL:W/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-552",
"description": "Files or Directories Accessible",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-425",
"description": "Direct Request",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-24T06:08:08.429Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-338531 | PbootCMS SQLite Database pbootcms.db file access",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.338531"
},
{
"name": "VDB-338531 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338531"
},
{
"name": "Submit #719814 | PbootCMS 3.2.12 SQLite Database File Disclosure",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.719814"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://note-hxlab.wetolink.com/share/ALC1iSa8J56A"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-27T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-27T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-12-31T06:16:27.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "PbootCMS SQLite Database pbootcms.db file access"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-15153",
"datePublished": "2025-12-28T20:32:07.587Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-27T16:47:06.711Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-24T06:08:08.429Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Operation
Apply appropriate access control authorizations for each access to all restricted URLs, scripts or files.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Consider using MVC based frameworks such as Struts.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-143: Detect Unpublicized Web Pages
An adversary searches a targeted web site for web pages that have not been publicized. In doing this, the adversary may be able to gain access to information that the targeted site did not intend to make public.
CAPEC-144: Detect Unpublicized Web Services
An adversary searches a targeted web site for web services that have not been publicized. This attack can be especially dangerous since unpublished but available services may not have adequate security controls placed upon them given that an administrator may believe they are unreachable.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.