Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-415
AllowedDouble Free
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product calls free() twice on the same memory address.
1095 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-10653 (GCVE-0-2026-10653)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 16:20 – Updated: 2026-08-06 20:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Non-atomic `net_buf` reference counts cause double-free / free-list corruption under concurrent unref
Summary
The Zephyr net_buf library (lib/net_buf/buf.c) manipulated both of its reference counts -- the per-header buf->ref and the per-data-block ref_count at the start of each variable/heap data allocation -- with plain non-atomic C operators (buf->ref++, if (--buf->ref > 0), if (--(*ref_count))).
The API is documented as self-synchronizing: callers may share one buffer across threads (e.g. via k_fifo) and each holder independently calls net_buf_unref() with no surrounding lock. Under true concurrency (SMP, or single-core preemption between the non-atomic load and store while another context unrefs the same buffer), two holders can both observe the same prior reference value and both conclude they are the last reference.
For heap/variable-data pools (mem_pool_data_unref/heap_data_unref, used by zbus message subscribers, the IP stack RX/TX buffers when CONFIG_NET_BUF_FIXED_DATA_SIZE=n, capture, wireguard, ISO-TP and usbip) this produces a double k_heap_free()/k_free() of the same block -- heap-metadata corruption and a use-after-free on the heap-hardening poison pattern.
For the per-header refcount the buffer is returned to the pool free LIFO twice for any pool type (including fixed-data pools used by Bluetooth and networking), corrupting the free list so a later allocation hands the same buffer to two owners.
The fix converts both refcounts to atomic_inc/atomic_dec (overlaying buf->ref in an atomic_t-sized union and changing the data-block refcount from uint8_t to atomic_t).
Impact is gated on genuine concurrency and on an application architecture that shares one buffer among multiple independent unref'ers; the trigger is a refcount/timing race rather than packet content, so an external attacker has at most weak indirect influence over the race window. Affects all Zephyr releases through v4.4.0.
This fix is not being backported to v3.7-branch (LTS). The backport was attempted and closed unmerged (#111181): the v3.7 networking tree has diverged from main, and the new atomic word-packing -- together with the assertions it adds -- turns pre-existing v3.7-only reference-counting defects elsewhere in the stack into hard faults, so landing the change faithfully would mean pulling an open-ended set of additional v3.7-only fixes into an LTS branch. v3.7 remains affected. Applications on v3.7 that share one net_buf across threads should serialize their own net_buf_unref() calls rather than rely on the documented self-synchronizing behaviour. The fix is on main and has been backported to v4.3-branch (#110852) and v4.4-branch (#110853).
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-30 16:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-415 - use-after-free
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
2.7.0 , < 4.5.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-8925 (GCVE-0-2026-8925)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 06:15 – Updated: 2026-09-15 06:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SASL double-free
Summary
The curl logic that works with SASL authentication could end up cleaning up
the GSASL context *twice* without clearing the pointer in between, making it
`free()` the same pointer twice.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 17:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-415 - Double Free
Assigner
References
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| curl | curl |
Affected:
8.15.0 , < 8.16.1
(semver)
Affected: 8.17.0 , < 8.20.1 (semver) |
|
| curl | curl |
Affected:
ab650379a8c25ca952f651476d25b4cdd77bb3fc , < 3da249e1f0716c06644ed3522a37a8bf81808012
(git)
|
|
| curl | curl |
Affected:
8.20.0
Affected: 8.19.0 Affected: 8.18.0 Affected: 8.17.0 Affected: 8.16.0 Affected: 8.15.0 |
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CVE-2026-6794 (GCVE-0-2026-6794)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 20:54 – Updated: 2026-09-25 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM Concert Software
Summary
IBM Concert 1.0.0 through 3.0.0 has a double free vulnerability that exists due to incorrect memory management. A local attacker can exploit this flaw to corrupt heap memory and execute arbitrary code in the context of the affected process.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-415 - Double Free
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7288830 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-5657 (GCVE-0-2026-5657)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-30 05:38 – Updated: 2026-04-30 12:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Double Free in Wireshark
Summary
iLBC codec crash in Wireshark 4.6.0 to 4.6.4 and 4.4.0 to 4.4.14 allows denial of service
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-30 12:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-415 - Double Free
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.wireshark.org/security/wnpa-sec-2026-… | |
| https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues/21113 | issue-trackingpermissions-required |
| https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/work_ite… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wireshark Foundation | Wireshark |
Affected:
4.6.0 , < 4.6.5
(semver)
Affected: 4.4.0 , < 4.4.15 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-5186 (GCVE-0-2026-5186)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-31 07:30 – Updated: 2026-03-31 15:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Nothings stb Multi-frame GIF File stb_image.h stbi__load_gif_main double free
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Nothings stb up to 2.30. This impacts the function stbi__load_gif_main of the file stb_image.h of the component Multi-frame GIF File Handler. This manipulation causes double free. The attack requires local access. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-31 15:36 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/354254 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/354254/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/780395 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nothings | stb |
Affected:
2.0
Affected: 2.1 Affected: 2.2 Affected: 2.3 Affected: 2.4 Affected: 2.5 Affected: 2.6 Affected: 2.7 Affected: 2.8 Affected: 2.9 Affected: 2.10 Affected: 2.11 Affected: 2.12 Affected: 2.13 Affected: 2.14 Affected: 2.15 Affected: 2.16 Affected: 2.17 Affected: 2.18 Affected: 2.19 Affected: 2.20 Affected: 2.21 Affected: 2.22 Affected: 2.23 Affected: 2.24 Affected: 2.25 Affected: 2.26 Affected: 2.27 Affected: 2.28 Affected: 2.29 Affected: 2.30 |
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CVE-2026-4358 (GCVE-0-2026-4358)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-17 19:00 – Updated: 2026-03-17 20:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Memory safety issues in slot-based execution hash table spill
Summary
A specially crafted aggregation query with $lookup by an authenticated user with write privileges can cause a double-free or use-after-free memory issue in the slot-based execution (SBE) engine when an in-memory hash table is spilled to disk.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-17 20:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-415 - Double free
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MongoDB Inc | MongoDB Server |
Affected:
8.2 , < 8.2.6
(custom)
Affected: 8.0 , < 8.0.20 (custom) Affected: 7.0 , < 7.0.31 (custom) |
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CVE-2025-68657 (GCVE-0-2025-68657)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-12 17:26 – Updated: 2026-01-12 18:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
espressif/usb_host_hid Double-Free Race Condition in USB Host HID Device Close Path
Summary
Espressif ESP-IDF USB Host HID (Human Interface Device) Driver allows access to HID devices. Prior to 1.1.0, calls to hid_host_device_close() can free the same usb_transfer_t twice. The USB event callback and user code share the hid_iface_t state without locking, so both can tear down a READY interface simultaneously, corrupting heap metadata inside the ESP USB host stack. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.1.0.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 18:40 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/espressif/esp-usb/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/espressif/esp-usb/commit/cd281… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://components.espressif.com/components/espre… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-65955 (GCVE-0-2025-65955)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-02 23:02 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick has a use-after-free/double-free risk in Options::fontFamily when clearing family
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to 7.1.2-9 and 6.9.13-34, there is a vulnerability in ImageMagick’s Magick++ layer that manifests when Options::fontFamily is invoked with an empty string. Clearing a font family calls RelinquishMagickMemory on _drawInfo->font, freeing the font string but leaving _drawInfo->font pointing to freed memory while _drawInfo->family is set to that (now-invalid) pointer. Any later cleanup or reuse of _drawInfo->font re-frees or dereferences dangling memory. DestroyDrawInfo and other setters (Options::font, Image::font) assume _drawInfo->font remains valid, so destruction or subsequent updates trigger crashes or heap corruption. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.1.2-9 and 6.9.13-34.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-03 14:55 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
>= 7.0.1-0, < 7.1.2-9
Affected: < 6.9.13-34 |
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CVE-2025-62469 (GCVE-0-2025-62469)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-09 17:55 – Updated: 2026-04-16 14:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Brokering File System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Microsoft Brokering File System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-10 04:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7462
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-12-09 08:00
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CVE-2025-62219 (GCVE-0-2025-62219)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-11 17:59 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Wireless Provisioning System Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Double free in Microsoft Wireless Provisioning System allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-12 04:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
8 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8594
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8027
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6575
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6575
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6199
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6199
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7171
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7171
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-11-11 08:00
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"datePublished": "2025-11-11T17:59:32.270Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-10-08T20:10:09.348Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T16:57:28.329Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that each allocation is freed only once. After freeing a chunk, set the pointer to NULL to ensure the pointer cannot be freed again. In complicated error conditions, be sure that clean-up routines respect the state of allocation properly. If the language is object oriented, ensure that object destructors delete each chunk of memory only once.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use a static analysis tool to find double free instances.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.