Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14695 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-93870 (GCVE-0-2026-93870)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 19:56 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cotonti through 1.0.0 Cross-Site Request Forgery in the Ratings Plugin AJAX Handler
Summary
Cotonti through 1.0.0 fails to validate anti-CSRF tokens in the ratings plugin AJAX handler, allowing attackers to forge ratings on behalf of authenticated users. Attackers can craft malicious pages that auto-submit POST requests to modify stored rating data when visited by logged-in users.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti/issues/1892 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti/pull/1900 | patchissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti/blob/1.0.0/plu… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cotonti-thro… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-17 00:00
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CVE-2026-93531 (GCVE-0-2026-93531)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 15:15 – Updated: 2026-09-18 16:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gedelumbung HospitalManagement cross-site request forgery
Summary
A weakness has been identified in gedelumbung HospitalManagement up to c2d45543789a3887067d3915f69d44cfc2cf76a8. This vulnerability affects unknown code. This manipulation causes cross-site request forgery. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. This product uses a rolling release model to deliver continuous updates. As a result, specific version information for affected or updated releases is not available. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 16:19 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/407444 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/407444/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-93531 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/943244 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/gedelumbung/HospitalManagement… | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/gedelumbung/HospitalManagement/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gedelumbung | HospitalManagement |
Affected:
c2d45543789a3887067d3915f69d44cfc2cf76a8
cpe:2.3:a:gedelumbung:hospitalmanagement:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-93456 (GCVE-0-2026-93456)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 01:24 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
django-page-cms through 2.0.13 CSRF via admin mutation views
Summary
django-page-cms through 2.0.13 exempts five admin mutation views from CSRF protection in pages/admin/views.py, allowing attackers to forge requests that modify page content. Signed-in editors visiting a malicious page can be tricked into storing unescaped content that renders to all visitors, enabling stored cross-site scripting attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 16:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/batiste/django-page-cms/issues/244 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/batiste/django-page-cms | product |
| https://github.com/batiste/django-page-cms/blob/b… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/batiste/django-page-cms/blob/b… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/django-page-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| batiste | django-page-cms |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.0.13
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-09-17 00:00
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CVE-2026-92806 (GCVE-0-2026-92806)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:32 – Updated: 2026-09-17 13:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
phpList before 3.6.17 Cross-Site Request Forgery via massremove.php
Summary
phpList versions before 3.6.17 fail to validate cross-site request forgery tokens in the mass subscriber removal form handler. Attackers can induce logged-in administrators to visit crafted pages that silently delete and blacklist arbitrary subscriber addresses without authentication verification.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 13:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/geo-chen/oss/blob/main/phplist3.md | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://github.com/phpList/phplist3/blob/v3.6.16/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/phpList/phplist3/blob/v3.6.17/… | patch |
| https://github.com/phpList/phplist3 | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/phplist-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-16 00:00
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CVE-2026-92751 (GCVE-0-2026-92751)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:32 – Updated: 2026-09-17 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CMAK through 3.0.0.6 Cross-Site Request Forgery via Missing CSRF Filter
Summary
CMAK through 3.0.0.6 fails to install a cross-site request forgery filter, allowing attackers to perform state-changing actions on behalf of authenticated operators. Attackers can craft hidden forms that submit to destructive endpoints like topic deletion and cluster configuration changes, leveraging the operator's HTTP Basic authentication credentials or play-basic-authentication cookie without SameSite protection.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/yahoo/CMAK/issues/935 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/yahoo/CMAK | product |
| https://github.com/yahoo/CMAK/blob/3.0.0.6/app/lo… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cmak-through… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-06-20 00:00
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CVE-2026-92582 (GCVE-0-2026-92582)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 21:46 – Updated: 2026-09-17 19:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AVideo through 29.0 Broken Access Control via videoAddNew.json.php CSRF Bypass
Summary
AVideo (WWBN/AVideo) through 29.0 (commit e01e41ecc) is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery. objects/videoAddNew.json.php disables AVideo's automatic CSRF guard ($global['skipAutoCSRFCheck']) and the untrusted-request check ($global['bypassSameDomainCheck']) merely because 'user' and 'pass' parameters are present in the request; the values are never validated and are read from $_REQUEST, so an attacker can supply them in the query string of a cross-site request. Because User::loginFromRequestIfNotLogged() returns immediately when a session already exists, a victim who is authenticated by cookie satisfies the check while the attacker-supplied credentials are discarded. An attacker who lures an authenticated user with upload rights to visit a crafted page can therefore submit cross-origin requests that modify video records — including ownership transfer (setUsers_id), deletion of user-group access restrictions, can_download, can_share, only_for_paid, video_password, rating, status, creation date, and view count. For a victim with administrator or Permissions::canAdminVideos() rights, any video on the site can be altered, including removing group restrictions from private content. No patched version was available at the time of the advisory.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 19:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/avideo-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-92383 (GCVE-0-2026-92383)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 15:00 – Updated: 2026-09-16 15:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PbootCMS User Management UserController.php mod cross-site request forgery
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in PbootCMS up to 3.2.24. This vulnerability affects the function UserController::del/UserController::mod of the file apps/admin/controller/system/UserController.php of the component User Management. Such manipulation leads to cross-site request forgery. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 3.2.25 is able to resolve this issue. The name of the patch is c25241a0964742cefb7f698efbb6c38b868d6ff7. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 15:04 UTC
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405519 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/405519/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-92383 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/938602 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/pbootcmspro/PbootCMS/issues/70 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/pbootcmspro/PbootCMS/commit/c2… | patch |
| https://github.com/pbootcmspro/PbootCMS/releases/… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | PbootCMS |
Affected:
3.2.0
Affected: 3.2.1 Affected: 3.2.2 Affected: 3.2.3 Affected: 3.2.4 Affected: 3.2.5 Affected: 3.2.6 Affected: 3.2.7 Affected: 3.2.8 Affected: 3.2.9 Affected: 3.2.10 Affected: 3.2.11 Affected: 3.2.12 Affected: 3.2.13 Affected: 3.2.14 Affected: 3.2.15 Affected: 3.2.16 Affected: 3.2.17 Affected: 3.2.18 Affected: 3.2.19 Affected: 3.2.20 Affected: 3.2.21 Affected: 3.2.22 Affected: 3.2.23 Affected: 3.2.24 Unaffected: 3.2.25 cpe:2.3:a:pbootcms:pbootcms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-91857 (GCVE-0-2026-91857)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 09:14 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP: State-changing actions accessible via GET request enabling CSRF
Summary
Affected versions of MISP expose several state-changing controller actions without restricting them to POST.
The affected actions are:
- EventReportsController::purgeUnusedPictures()
- NoticelistsController::enableNoticelist()
- ServersController::removeOrphanedCorrelations()
- WorkflowsController::rebuildRedis()
The patch adds allowMethod(['post']) to each action, preventing them from being triggered through ordinary GET requests.
For purgeUnusedPictures(), the corresponding UI previously used $.get(). The fix converts that request to POST and supplies X-CSRF-Token, while the controller enables header-only CSRF validation for that AJAX action.
Because GET requests can be induced cross-origin through links, images, redirects, or navigation, accepting GET for these state-changing operations can let an attacker trigger them using the authenticated victim's session.
Version affected: ≤2.5.45
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/b4a5486b5 | patch |
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Confidence: high
Model
qwen3.8:27b
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-09-15 09:10 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/b4a5486b5.patch
adc31514b96a… - Confidence
- high
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
b4a5486b5ddd
|
fix: [security] Require POST for four remaining | adc31514b96a… |
Fix summary
The vulnerability is remediated by restricting all four state-changing actions to accept only POST requests via the CakePHP allowMethod() guard. Additionally, the client-side JavaScript for purgeUnusedPictures is updated to issue a POST request with the page's CSRF token in the X-CSRF-Token header, and a beforeFilter() hook is added to EventReportsController to configure header-only CSRF token validation for that specific action, since it is invoked via hand-built AJAX rather than a rendered form.
Patch summary
Adds $this->request->allowMethod(['post']) to purgeUnusedPictures, enableNoticelist, removeOrphanedCorrelations, and rebuildRedis. Adds a beforeFilter() method to EventReportsController calling _csrfTokenHeaderOnly(['purgeUnusedPictures']) to permit CSRF token validation via the X-CSRF-Token header. Updates the managed_imported_pictures.ctp view to replace $.get() with $.ajax() using type 'post' and the X-CSRF-Token header. Adds REST response handling and flash/redirect logic to rebuildRedis for consistency with other actions.
CVSS rationale
AV:N: The attack is delivered over the network (e.g., a malicious link or page). AC:L: No special race conditions or complex setup are required; a simple GET URL suffices. AT:N: No prior compromise or manipulation of the target system is needed. PR:L: The attacker requires the victim to be an authenticated MISP user; the attacker themselves need not be authenticated. UI:A: The victim must actively interact (click a link or navigate to a crafted page) to trigger the forged request. VC:N: No confidential data is exposed by the affected actions. VI:L: Integrity impact is low; the actions cause limited state changes (deleting unused pictures, toggling a noticelist, removing orphaned correlations, rebuilding a cache) rather than corrupting critical data. VA:N: No meaningful availability impact; the actions do not cause denial of service. SC/SI/SA:N: No impact on subsequent systems.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-352 The root cause is that state-changing endpoints accept GET requests, which are not protected by the framework's CSRF token mechanism. This allows an attacker to forge requests on behalf of an authenticated user via links, auto-loading resources, or other passive/active user interactions, which is the defining characteristic of CSRF.
Assumptions to verify
- The fix commit is 196 commits before the v2.5.46 tag, implying the vulnerability existed in versions prior to v2.5.46; exact affected version range is not explicitly stated in the patch.
- MISP requires user authentication to access the affected endpoints; the PR:L assumption is based on MISP's standard authentication model.
- The CSRF token mechanism in CakePHP (the framework used by MISP) is assumed to protect POST requests but not GET requests, consistent with the patch's own comments.
- The vulnerability was found during internal review and was not externally reported, per the commit message.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
7 | 9 | high | 4 |
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CVE-2026-91819 (GCVE-0-2026-91819)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 07:41 – Updated: 2026-09-15 14:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP: HTTP Method Override Bypasses CSRF and Form Validation in BetterSecurityComponent
Summary
Affected versions of MISP rely on CakePHP request-method override processing in a way that can disable CSRF and form-security validation.
CakePHP honors a _method field or X-HTTP-Method-Override header by rewriting the effective request method. For override values outside the normal write verbs POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE, CakePHP also clears the parsed request body. MISP’s security component then determines whether to perform _validatePost() and _validateCsrf() based on whether request data remains. With a value such as:
_method=GET
the body becomes empty before those checks run, so both protections are skipped. A cross-site form containing only that override can therefore reach actions whose parameters are taken from the URL rather than the request body
Version affected: ≤2.5.45
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 14:33 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/29af008c4 | patch |
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Confidence: medium
Model
qwen3.8:27b
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-09-15 07:32 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/29af008c4.patch
97161c8af547… - Confidence
- medium
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
29af008c47d2
|
fix: [security] Refuse HTTP method overrides that empty the | 97161c8af547… |
Fix summary
The fix introduces a __rejectUnsafeMethodOverride() check in BetterSecurityComponent::startup() that executes before the parent SecurityComponent::startup() computes $hasData. It inspects both the _method POST field and the X-HTTP-Method-Override header (mirroring CakePHP's precedence) and rejects any value that is not a string in the allowed set {POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE}. Non-string values (e.g., array payloads like _method[]=GET) are also refused. A BadRequestException is thrown and the event is logged, preventing the request from ever reaching the parent security logic with an emptied body.
Patch summary
Adds a private __rejectUnsafeMethodOverride() method and a public startup() override to BetterSecurityComponent. The new method reads $_POST['_method'] and the HTTP_X_HTTP_METHOD_OVERRIDE header, applies the same header-over-body precedence as CakeRequest::_processPost(), and throws BadRequestException for any override that is not a string in the ALLOWED_METHOD_OVERRIDES constant (POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE). The startup() override calls this check before delegating to parent::startup(). A new test file BetterSecurityComponentTest.php (196 lines) covers pass-through of write verbs, refusal of non-write verbs, non-string overrides, header overrides, header-over-body precedence, and log output.
CVSS rationale
AV:N: The attack is delivered over the network via a crafted HTML form or HTTP header. AC:L: Exploitation requires only crafting a form with a _method field; no race conditions or complex timing are needed. AT:N: No manipulation of the target's data or state is required prior to the attack. PR:L: The victim must be an authenticated MISP user; no administrative privileges are needed. UI:P: The victim passively interacts with the attack (e.g., visiting a page with an auto-submitting form); no deliberate action beyond page load is required. VC:N: No confidentiality impact is evident from the patch evidence. VI:H: The attacker can perform arbitrary state-changing actions (enable/disable feeds, modify objects) on the victim's MISP instance, representing high integrity impact. VA:N: No availability impact is indicated. SC/SI/SA:N: No sub-component impact is evidenced.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-352 The primary security impact is the complete bypass of CSRF token validation. An attacker can forge requests to state-changing MISP endpoints without a valid CSRF token by exploiting the method-override body-emptying behaviour.
- CWE-20 The root cause is the failure to validate the _method override value before it influences the security component's behaviour. Any verb outside the expected write set is accepted by the framework and causes the request body to be discarded, disabling security checks.
Assumptions to verify
- The fix is included in MISP v2.5.46 based on the tag_version_boundary metadata (228 commits after the fix commit at that tag); the exact affected version range prior to the fix is not explicitly stated in the patch.
- PR:L assumes the victim must be an authenticated MISP user; the patch does not explicitly state authentication requirements, but MISP is an authenticated threat-intelligence platform and the example endpoint (/feeds/enable/2) implies an authenticated context.
- UI:P assumes the typical CSRF delivery mechanism (auto-submitting form on a malicious page) where the victim's interaction is limited to loading the page; if a manual form submission is required, UI:A would be more appropriate.
- The vulnerability was found during internal review and was not externally reported, per the commit message.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
6 | 9 | medium | 4 |
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CVE-2026-90905 (GCVE-0-2026-90905)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 18:42 – Updated: 2026-09-23 19:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Missing CSRF and Access Control on Site Configuration Update in Easy Store extension 1.0.0-3.0.0
Summary
Joomla Extension - joomshaper.com - Missing CSRF and Access Control on Site Configuration Update in Easy Store extension 1.0.0-3.0.0 - The endpoint administrator/index.php?option=com_easystore&task=appconfig.updateConfiguration updated core Joomla mail configuration (fromname, mailfrom) in configuration.php without verifying anti-CSRF tokens or checking for administrative permissions (canAdmin). A malicious site could silently modify the site's sender name and email address via forged requests from an admin's browser. Resolved by enforcing Session::checkToken('request') / Session::checkToken('post') and adding explicit administrative authorization verification via AccessControl::create()->canAdmin().
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 19:33 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.joomshaper.com/easystore | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| joomshaper.com | Easy Store extension for Joomla |
Affected:
1.0.0-3.0.0
|
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},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Implementation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.