Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
4625 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2012-10030 (GCVE-0-2012-10030)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-05 20:01 – Updated: 2026-04-07 14:02 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeFloat FTP Server Arbitrary File Upload
Summary
FreeFloat FTP Server contains multiple critical design flaws that allow unauthenticated remote attackers to upload arbitrary files to sensitive system directories. The server accepts empty credentials, defaults user access to the root of the C:\ drive, and imposes no restrictions on file type or destination path. These conditions enable attackers to upload executable payloads and .mof files to locations such as system32 and wbem\mof, where Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) automatically processes and executes them. This results in remote code execution with SYSTEM-level privileges, without requiring user interaction.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-06 17:55 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo… | exploit |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/23226 | exploit |
| https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/34209… | third-party-advisory |
| https://archive.org/details/tucows_367516_Freeflo… | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freefloat-ft… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FreeFloat | FTP Server |
Affected:
*
cpe:2.3:a:freefloat:freefloat_ftp_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2012-12-09 00:00
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CVE-2011-10013 (GCVE-0-2011-10013)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-13 20:54 – Updated: 2026-07-31 11:54 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Traq 2.0–2.3 admincp/common.php RCE
Summary
Traq versions 2.0 through 2.3 contain a remote code execution vulnerability in the admincp/common.php script. The flawed authorization logic fails to halt execution after a failed access check, allowing unauthenticated users to reach admin-only functionality. This can be exploited via plugins.php to inject and execute arbitrary PHP code.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-14 13:44 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasplo… | exploit |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18213 | exploit |
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18239 | exploit |
| https://web.archive.org/web/20110729003039/https:… | product |
| https://github.com/nirix/traq/releases/tag/v2.3.1 | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/traq-issue-t… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traq Project | Issue Tracking System |
Affected:
2.0 , ≤ 2.3
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:traq:traq:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2011-12-07 00:00
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CVE-2011-4190 (GCVE-0-2011-4190)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-06-08 17:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 00:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing verification of host key for kdump server
Summary
The kdump implementation is missing the host key verification in the kdump and mkdumprd OpenSSH integration of kdump prior to version 2012-01-20. This is similar to CVE-2011-3588, but different in that the kdump implementation is specific to SUSE. A remote malicious kdump server could use this flaw to impersonate the correct kdump server to obtain security sensitive information (kdump core files).
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2011-4190/ | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=722440 | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
Date Public
2011-12-13 00:00
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GHSA-222P-PPPH-C5V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04
VLAI
Details
A Missing Authentication in Critical Function in Bosch IP cameras allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to extract sensitive information or change settings of the camera by sending crafted requests to the device. Only devices of the CPP6, CPP7 and CPP7.3 family with firmware 7.70, 7.72, and 7.80 prior to B128 are affected by this vulnerability. Versions 7.62 or lower and INTEOX cameras are not affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23847"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-09T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Missing Authentication in Critical Function in Bosch IP cameras allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to extract sensitive information or change settings of the camera by sending crafted requests to the device. Only devices of the CPP6, CPP7 and CPP7.3 family with firmware 7.70, 7.72, and 7.80 prior to B128 are affected by this vulnerability. Versions 7.62 or lower and INTEOX cameras are not affected.",
"id": "GHSA-222p-ppph-c5v8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:04:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://psirt.bosch.com/security-advisories/bosch-sa-478243-bt.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-225C-7GVC-9QR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-08 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-08 18:30
VLAI
Details
A weakness has been identified in detronetdip E-commerce 1.0.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /Admin/assets/backend/seller/add_seller.php of the component Account Creation Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument email can lead to missing authentication. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2165"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-08T17:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in detronetdip E-commerce 1.0.0. Impacted is an unknown function of the file /Admin/assets/backend/seller/add_seller.php of the component Account Creation Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument email can lead to missing authentication. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.",
"id": "GHSA-225c-7gvc-9qr7",
"modified": "2026-02-08T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2026-02-08T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2165"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/detronetdip/E-commerce/issues/23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Nixon-H/Unauthenticated-Admin-Account-Creation"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/detronetdip/E-commerce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.344867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.344867"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.751857"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-225M-P565-9H68
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-08 00:37 – Updated: 2026-07-08 00:37
VLAI
Details
mem0 contains unauthenticated config API endpoints that expose LLM API keys in plaintext and allow server-side request forgery via attacker-controlled ollama_base_url parameter. Unauthenticated attackers can retrieve stored secrets like OpenAI API keys via GET /api/v1/config/ or trigger SSRF attacks by setting ollama_base_url to internal addresses like cloud IMDS via PUT /api/v1/config/mem0/llm endpoint.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-07T22:16:54Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "mem0 contains unauthenticated config API endpoints that expose LLM API keys in plaintext and allow server-side request forgery via attacker-controlled ollama_base_url parameter. Unauthenticated attackers can retrieve stored secrets like OpenAI API keys via GET /api/v1/config/ or trigger SSRF attacks by setting ollama_base_url to internal addresses like cloud IMDS via PUT /api/v1/config/mem0/llm endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-225m-p565-9h68",
"modified": "2026-07-08T00:37:56Z",
"published": "2026-07-08T00:37:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mem0ai/mem0/issues/6081"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mem0ai/mem0/commit/a3154d59e52386d4e1189c1f5f44819868f76514"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mem0ai/mem0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mem0-server-side-request-forgery-and-plaintext-api-key-exposure-via-unauthenticated-config-endpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-22JR-JQV2-C6R8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-20 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-24 12:30
VLAI
Details
Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in ABB ALS-mini-s4 IP, ABB ALS-mini-s8 IP.This issue affects .
All firmware versions with the Serial Number from 2000 to 5166
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9574"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-20T17:15:39Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability in ABB ALS-mini-s4 IP, ABB ALS-mini-s8 IP.This issue affects .\u00a0\n\nAll firmware versions with the Serial Number from 2000 to 5166",
"id": "GHSA-22jr-jqv2-c6r8",
"modified": "2025-10-24T12:30:51Z",
"published": "2025-10-20T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9574"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=4TZ00000006007\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=PDF\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:Y/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-22RX-X655-8PGG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 00:30 – Updated: 2026-03-18 00:30
VLAI
Details
Unprotected internal endpoints in Cloud Foundry Capi Release 1.226.0 and below, and CF Deployment v54.9.0 and below on all platforms allows any user who has bypassed the firewall to potentially replace droplets and therefore applications allowing them to access secure application information.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22727"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-17T23:16:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unprotected internal endpoints in Cloud Foundry Capi Release 1.226.0 and below, and CF Deployment v54.9.0 and below on all platforms allows any user who has bypassed the firewall to potentially replace droplets and therefore applications allowing them to access secure application information.",
"id": "GHSA-22rx-x655-8pgg",
"modified": "2026-03-18T00:30:54Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T00:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cloudfoundry.org/blog/cve-2026-22727-unprotected-internal-endpoints"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-22VC-5PGW-644Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-27 03:30 – Updated: 2022-12-02 22:27
VLAI
Summary
KubeView vulnerable to full cluster takeover due to improper authentication
Details
KubeView through 0.1.31 allows attackers to obtain control of a Kubernetes cluster because api/scrape/kube-system does not require authentication, and retrieves certificate files that can be used for authentication as kube-admin. NOTE: the vendor's position is that KubeView was a "fun side project and a learning exercise," and not "very secure."
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/benc-uk/kubeview"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.1.31"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45933"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-12-02T22:27:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-27T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "KubeView through 0.1.31 allows attackers to obtain control of a Kubernetes cluster because api/scrape/kube-system does not require authentication, and retrieves certificate files that can be used for authentication as kube-admin. NOTE: the vendor\u0027s position is that KubeView was a \"fun side project and a learning exercise,\" and not \"very secure.\"",
"id": "GHSA-22vc-5pgw-644q",
"modified": "2022-12-02T22:27:39Z",
"published": "2022-11-27T03:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45933"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/benc-uk/kubeview/issues/95"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/benc-uk/kubeview"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "KubeView vulnerable to full cluster takeover due to improper authentication"
}
GHSA-22XC-XG2R-9J7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 19:32 – Updated: 2026-07-16 19:32
VLAI
Summary
Envoy Gateway: xDS Control Plane Information Disclosure when operating in GatewayNamespaceMode
Details
Impact
When Envoy Gateway runs in GatewayNamespaceMode (provider.kubernetes.deploy.type=GatewayNamespace), the xDS gRPC server is configured with a StreamInterceptor for JWT authentication but no UnaryInterceptor. The go-control-plane xDS server exposes both streaming and unary (Fetch) RPC methods for all registered discovery services. Since there is no unary interceptor, these Fetch endpoints are completely unauthenticated.
Additionally, the JWT authentication interceptor in GatewayNamespaceMode only validates tokens when the received gRPC message is of type discoveryv3.DeltaDiscoveryRequest . If the message is a discoveryv3.DiscoveryRequest — used by the State-of-the-World (SotW) xDS protocol — the type assertion fails, the validation block is skipped entirely, and RecvMsg returns nil (success) without any authentication.
Any pod in the cluster that can reach the xDS server (port 18000) can use the SotW protocol to bypass JWT authentication and access:
- TLS private keys via StreamSecrets (SDS)
- All xDS resources via StreamAggregatedResources (ADS)
- Backend endpoints via StreamClusters / StreamEndpoints (CDS/EDS)
- Routing rules via StreamRoutes / StreamListeners (RDS/LDS)
Credits
Envoy Gateway thanks @dashingDragon and @Donjon-Cerberus for reporting this issue.
Severity
7.4 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/envoyproxy/gateway"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.8.0-rc.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/envoyproxy/gateway"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.7.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53714"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-16T19:32:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nWhen Envoy Gateway runs in GatewayNamespaceMode (`provider.kubernetes.deploy.type=GatewayNamespace`), the xDS gRPC server is configured with a `StreamInterceptor` for JWT authentication but no UnaryInterceptor. The go-control-plane xDS server exposes both streaming and unary (Fetch) RPC methods for all registered discovery services. Since there is no unary interceptor, these Fetch endpoints are completely unauthenticated. \n\nAdditionally, the JWT authentication interceptor in GatewayNamespaceMode only validates tokens when the received gRPC message is of type `discoveryv3.DeltaDiscoveryRequest` . If the message is a `discoveryv3.DiscoveryRequest` \u2014 used by the State-of-the-World (SotW) xDS protocol \u2014 the type assertion fails, the validation block is skipped entirely, and RecvMsg returns nil (success) without any authentication.\n\nAny pod in the cluster that can reach the xDS server (port 18000) can use the SotW protocol to bypass JWT authentication and access:\n\n* TLS private keys via StreamSecrets (SDS)\n* All xDS resources via StreamAggregatedResources (ADS)\n* Backend endpoints via StreamClusters / StreamEndpoints (CDS/EDS)\n* Routing rules via StreamRoutes / StreamListeners (RDS/LDS)\n\n### Credits\n\nEnvoy Gateway thanks @dashingDragon and @Donjon-Cerberus for reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-22xc-xg2r-9j7v",
"modified": "2026-07-16T19:32:23Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T19:32:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/security/advisories/GHSA-22xc-xg2r-9j7v"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/envoyproxy/gateway"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Envoy Gateway: xDS Control Plane Information Disclosure when operating in GatewayNamespaceMode "
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation
System Configuration
Operation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.