CWE-290
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Spoofing
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.
1199 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5CH8-Q94V-8R99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-04 21:30Floodlight SDN Open Flow Controller v.1.2 has an issue that allows local hosts to build fake LLDP packets that allow specific clusters to be missed by Floodlight, which in turn leads to missed hosts inside and outside the cluster.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51406"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T14:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Floodlight SDN Open Flow Controller v.1.2 has an issue that allows local hosts to build fake LLDP packets that allow specific clusters to be missed by Floodlight, which in turn leads to missed hosts inside and outside the cluster.",
"id": "GHSA-5ch8-q94v-8r99",
"modified": "2024-11-04T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2024-11-01T15:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/floodlight/floodlight/issues/870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/floodlight/floodlight"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10246976"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5CPW-36F2-HGW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:45A malicious extension could have opened a popup window lacking an address bar. The title of the popup lacking an address bar should not be fully controllable, but in this situation was. This could have been used to spoof a website and attempt to trick the user into providing credentials. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 78.9, Thunderbird < 78.9, and Firefox < 87.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23984"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-31T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A malicious extension could have opened a popup window lacking an address bar. The title of the popup lacking an address bar should not be fully controllable, but in this situation was. This could have been used to spoof a website and attempt to trick the user into providing credentials. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 78.9, Thunderbird \u003c 78.9, and Firefox \u003c 87.",
"id": "GHSA-5cpw-36f2-hgw7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:45:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1693664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2021-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2021-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2021-12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5CWR-528X-3VWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:46 – Updated: 2024-03-27 18:32curl 7.63.0 to and including 7.75.0 includes vulnerability that allows a malicious HTTPS proxy to MITM a connection due to bad handling of TLS 1.3 session tickets. When using a HTTPS proxy and TLS 1.3, libcurl can confuse session tickets arriving from the HTTPS proxy but work as if they arrived from the remote server and then wrongly "short-cut" the host handshake. When confusing the tickets, a HTTPS proxy can trick libcurl to use the wrong session ticket resume for the host and thereby circumvent the server TLS certificate check and make a MITM attack to be possible to perform unnoticed. Note that such a malicious HTTPS proxy needs to provide a certificate that curl will accept for the MITMed server for an attack to work - unless curl has been told to ignore the server certificate check.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22890"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290",
"CWE-300"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-01T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "curl 7.63.0 to and including 7.75.0 includes vulnerability that allows a malicious HTTPS proxy to MITM a connection due to bad handling of TLS 1.3 session tickets. When using a HTTPS proxy and TLS 1.3, libcurl can confuse session tickets arriving from the HTTPS proxy but work as if they arrived from the remote server and then wrongly \"short-cut\" the host handshake. When confusing the tickets, a HTTPS proxy can trick libcurl to use the wrong session ticket resume for the host and thereby circumvent the server TLS certificate check and make a MITM attack to be possible to perform unnoticed. Note that such a malicious HTTPS proxy needs to provide a certificate that curl will accept for the MITMed server for an attack to work - unless curl has been told to ignore the server certificate check.",
"id": "GHSA-5cwr-528x-3vwc",
"modified": "2024-03-27T18:32:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:46:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1129529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://curl.se/docs/CVE-2021-22890.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2ZC5BMIOKLBQJSFCHEDN2G2C2SH274BP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ITVWPVGLFISU5BJC2BXBRYSDXTXE2YGC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KQUIOYX2KUU6FIUZVB5WWZ6JHSSYSQWJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2ZC5BMIOKLBQJSFCHEDN2G2C2SH274BP"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ITVWPVGLFISU5BJC2BXBRYSDXTXE2YGC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KQUIOYX2KUU6FIUZVB5WWZ6JHSSYSQWJ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202105-36"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5F2C-5GWW-2FHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-10 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Asgaros Asgaros Forum allows Identity Spoofing. This issue affects Asgaros Forum: from n/a through 3.0.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32227"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-10T08:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing vulnerability in Asgaros Asgaros Forum allows Identity Spoofing. This issue affects Asgaros Forum: from n/a through 3.0.0.",
"id": "GHSA-5f2c-5gww-2fhf",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:38Z",
"published": "2025-04-10T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/asgaros-forum/vulnerability/wordpress-asgaros-forum-plugin-3-0-0-file-upload-numbers-bypass-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5GM6-26G2-PHH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41Incorrect security UI in Page Info in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to spoof security UI via a crafted HTML page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21134"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-09T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect security UI in Page Info in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 88.0.4324.96 allowed a remote attacker to spoof security UI via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-5gm6-26g2-phh5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_19.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/1157800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-21134"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5H7R-MV43-GM2C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-03 21:31 – Updated: 2024-09-12 21:32Websites could utilize Javascript links to spoof URL addresses in the Focus navigation bar This vulnerability affects Focus for iOS < 130.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8399"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-03T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Websites could utilize Javascript links to spoof URL addresses in the Focus navigation bar This vulnerability affects Focus for iOS \u003c 130.",
"id": "GHSA-5h7r-mv43-gm2c",
"modified": "2024-09-12T21:32:01Z",
"published": "2024-09-03T21:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1863838"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-42"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HHH-FQ62-XFWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-10 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-10 15:31OpenCart 3.0.3.8 contains a session fixation vulnerability that allows attackers to hijack user sessions by injecting arbitrary values into the OCSESSID cookie. Attackers can set malicious OCSESSID cookie values that the server accepts and maintains, enabling session takeover and unauthorized access to user accounts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-47923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-10T13:16:28Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "OpenCart 3.0.3.8 contains a session fixation vulnerability that allows attackers to hijack user sessions by injecting arbitrary values into the OCSESSID cookie. Attackers can set malicious OCSESSID cookie values that the server accepts and maintains, enabling session takeover and unauthorized access to user accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-5hhh-fq62-xfww",
"modified": "2026-05-10T15:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-05-10T15:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.opencart.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/opencart-session-fixation-via-ocsessid-cookie"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HJ4-9975-4R5M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 18:30PingOne MFA Integration Kit contains a vulnerability related to the Prompt Users to Set Up MFA configuration. Under certain conditions, this configuration could allow for a new MFA device to be paired with a target user account without requiring second-factor authentication from the target’s existing registered devices. A threat actor might be able to exploit this vulnerability to register their own MFA device with a target user’s account if they have existing knowledge of the target user’s first factor credential.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40356"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T16:15:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PingOne MFA Integration Kit contains a vulnerability related to the Prompt Users to Set Up MFA configuration. Under certain conditions, this configuration could allow for a new MFA device to be paired with a target user account without requiring second-factor authentication from the target\u2019s existing registered devices. A threat actor might be able to exploit this vulnerability to register their own MFA device with a target user\u2019s account if they have existing knowledge of the target user\u2019s first factor credential.",
"id": "GHSA-5hj4-9975-4r5m",
"modified": "2024-07-09T18:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T18:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.pingidentity.com/r/en-us/pingfederate-pingone-mfa-ik/bks1657303194394"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HRC-F88X-6WM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-25 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:50The DoLogin Security WordPress plugin before 3.7 uses headers such as the X-Forwarded-For to retrieve the IP address of the request, which could lead to IP spoofing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4631"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-25T16:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The DoLogin Security WordPress plugin before 3.7 uses headers such as the X-Forwarded-For to retrieve the IP address of the request, which could lead to IP spoofing.",
"id": "GHSA-5hrc-f88x-6wm7",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:50:42Z",
"published": "2023-09-25T18:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/28613fc7-1400-4553-bcc3-24df1cee418e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HVV-M4W4-GF6V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 22:31 – Updated: 2026-04-15 21:06Impact
A configuration-dependent authentication bypass exists in OAuth2 Proxy.
Deployments are affected when all of the following are true:
- OAuth2 Proxy is used with an
auth_request-style integration (for example, nginxauth_request) --ping-user-agentis set or--gcp-healthchecksis enabled
In affected configurations, OAuth2 Proxy will treat a request with the configured health check User-Agent value as a successful health check regardless of the requested path. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass authentication and access protected upstream resources without completing the normal login flow.
This issue does not affect deployments that do not use auth_request-style subrequests, or that do not enable --ping-user-agent/--gcp-healthchecks.
Patches
Users should upgrade to v7.15.2 or later once available. Deployments running versions prior to v7.15.2 should be considered affected if they use auth_request-style authentication together with --ping-user-agent or --gcp-healthchecks.
Workarounds
Users can mitigate this issue by:
- disabling
--gcp-healthchecks - removing any configured
--ping-user-agent - ensuring the reverse proxy does not forward client-controlled
User-Agentheaders to the OAuth2 Proxy auth subrequest - using path-based health checks only, on dedicated health check endpoints
Example nginx mitigation for the auth subrequest:
location = /oauth2/auth {
internal;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4180;
proxy_pass_request_body off;
proxy_set_header Content-Length "";
proxy_set_header Host $host;
# set to value that isn't the same as your configured PingUserAgent or GCPs "GoogleHC/1.0"
proxy_set_header User-Agent "oauth2-proxy-auth-request";
}
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/v7"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.15.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-34457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-14T22:31:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T23:16:28Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nA configuration-dependent authentication bypass exists in OAuth2 Proxy.\n\nDeployments are affected when all of the following are true:\n\n- OAuth2 Proxy is used with an `auth_request`-style integration (for example, nginx `auth_request`)\n- `--ping-user-agent` is set or `--gcp-healthchecks` is enabled\n\nIn affected configurations, OAuth2 Proxy will treat a request with the configured health check `User-Agent` value as a successful health check regardless of the requested path. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass authentication and access protected upstream resources without completing the normal login flow.\n\nThis issue does not affect deployments that do not use `auth_request`-style subrequests, or that do not enable `--ping-user-agent`/`--gcp-healthchecks`.\n\n### Patches\nUsers should upgrade to `v7.15.2` or later once available. Deployments running versions prior to `v7.15.2` should be considered affected if they use `auth_request`-style authentication together with `--ping-user-agent` or `--gcp-healthchecks`.\n\n### Workarounds\nUsers can mitigate this issue by:\n\n- disabling `--gcp-healthchecks`\n- removing any configured `--ping-user-agent`\n- ensuring the reverse proxy does not forward client-controlled `User-Agent` headers to the OAuth2 Proxy auth subrequest\n- using path-based health checks only, on dedicated health check endpoints\n\nExample nginx mitigation for the auth subrequest:\n\n```nginx\nlocation = /oauth2/auth {\n internal;\n proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4180;\n proxy_pass_request_body off;\n proxy_set_header Content-Length \"\";\n proxy_set_header Host $host;\n # set to value that isn\u0027t the same as your configured PingUserAgent or GCPs \"GoogleHC/1.0\"\n proxy_set_header User-Agent \"oauth2-proxy-auth-request\";\n}\n```",
"id": "GHSA-5hvv-m4w4-gf6v",
"modified": "2026-04-15T21:06:37Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T22:31:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-5hvv-m4w4-gf6v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34457"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/releases/tag/v7.15.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": " OAuth2 Proxy\u0027s Health Check User-Agent Matching Bypasses Authentication in auth_request Mode"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness
An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.
CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof
An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.
CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation
An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)
An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.