Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

10684 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-84804 (GCVE-0-2026-84804)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 11:11 – Updated: 2026-09-04 02:27

Title

Kimai before 2.65.0 Authorization Bypass via Team Activity API

Summary

Kimai before 2.65.0 fails to properly validate permissions when removing team access to activities, projects, and customers via API endpoints. Authenticated users with edit_team permission can revoke team access without the required permissions_activity check, bypassing authorization controls.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-04 02:26 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root Scorecard

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/kimai/kimai/security/advisorie…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kimai-before…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
kimai	kimai	Affected: 0 , < 2.65.0 (semver) Unaffected: 2.65.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:kimai:kimai::::::::

Date Public

2026-08-19 00:00

Credits

ashrexon

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-84385 (GCVE-0-2026-84385)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 16:41 – Updated: 2026-09-10 03:56

Summary

A improper access control vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSOAR PaaS 7.6.0 through 7.6.6, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.5.0 through 7.5.3, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR PaaS 7.3 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.6.0 through 7.6.6, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.5.0 through 7.5.3, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.4 all versions, FortiSOAR on-premise 7.3 all versions may allow attacker to escalation of privilege via <insert attack vector here>

Severity

4.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-09 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Escalation of privilege

Assigner

fortinet mitre root Scorecard

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-164

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Fortinet	FortiSOAR on-premise	Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.6 (semver) Affected: 7.5.0 , ≤ 7.5.3 (semver) Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.5 (semver) Affected: 7.3.0 , ≤ 7.3.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.6.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.6.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.6.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.6.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.6.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.6.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.6.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.5.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.5.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.5.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.5.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.4.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.4.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.4.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.4.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.4.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.4.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.3.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.3.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.3.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoaron-premise:7.3.0:::::::*
Fortinet	FortiSOAR PaaS	Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.6 (semver) Affected: 7.5.0 , ≤ 7.5.3 (semver) Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.5 (semver) Affected: 7.3.0 , ≤ 7.3.3 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.6.6:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.6.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.6.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.6.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.6.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.6.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.6.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.5.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.5.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.5.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.5.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.4.5:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.4.4:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.4.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.4.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.4.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.4.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.3.3:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.3.2:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.3.1:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisoarpaas:7.3.0:::::::*

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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  },
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}

CVE-2026-84200 (GCVE-0-2026-84200)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 11:34 – Updated: 2026-09-02 17:48

Title

Kyverno before v1.13.0 Policy Bypass via Multiple Exceptions

Summary

Kyverno versions v1.9.0 through v1.12.7 contain a policy exception handling flaw. When a policy in enforce mode is combined with two PolicyExceptions, the less restrictive exception takes precedence, allowing an attacker to bypass the policy by crafting a resource name that matches the second exception's name pattern (e.g., '*ingress*'). This can be used to circumvent policies such as one blocking hostPath volumes. Fixed in v1.13.0.

Severity

9.4 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

9 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-02 17:48 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root Scorecard

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/kyverno/kyverno/security/advis…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/kyverno-befo…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
kyverno	kyverno	Affected: 0 , < 1.13.0 (semver) Unaffected: 1.13.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno::::::::

Date Public

2026-01-06 00:00

Credits

r0binak

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-84187 (GCVE-0-2026-84187)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 11:33 – Updated: 2026-09-01 15:22

Title

AVideo on_publish.php Missing Authentication Check via RTMP Callback

Summary

AVideo contains a missing authentication vulnerability in plugin/Live/on_publish.php that allows unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary scheduled broadcasts as failed by sending crafted POST requests with schedule identifiers. Attackers can exploit the unguarded RTMP callback endpoint to modify scheduled broadcast status fields by supplying fabricated stream keys matching the pattern -ps-<N>, silently canceling any scheduled live broadcast without credentials or authorization.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

8.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-01 15:22 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root Scorecard

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisorie…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/avideo-on-pu…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
WWBN	AVideo	Affected: 0 , ≤ 29.0 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wwbn:avideo::::::::

Date Public

2026-08-17 00:00

Credits

rajivraj

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-84165 (GCVE-0-2026-84165)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 10:49 – Updated: 2026-09-01 12:17

Title

Lack of authorisation in OpenNebula by OpenNebula Systems

Summary

A vulnerability relating to incorrect access control in OpenNebula by OpenNebula Systems, affecting all versions prior to 7.4. This vulnerability could allow an authenticated user with basic permissions to execute commands on virtual machines belonging to other users via the `one.vm.exec` function, without proper verification of access permissions. To exploit the vulnerability, it is only necessary to know the virtual machine’s identifier and for qemu-agent to be enabled on that machine. Exploitation could allow commands to be executed and compromise the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the affected virtual machines.

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-01 12:17 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control

Assigner

INCIBE INCIBE root Scorecard

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/avis…	patch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
OpenNebula Systems	OpenNebula	Affected: 0 , < 7.4 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:opennebula_systems:opennebula::::::::

Date Public

2026-09-01 10:46

Credits

Yonghwa Lee, Xint from Theori.

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-84048 (GCVE-0-2026-84048)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 19:07 – Updated: 2026-09-19 11:56

Title

Joomla Extension - joomgalleryfriends.net - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload via the TUS endpoint in JoomGallery < 4.4.2

Summary

Joomla Extension - joomgalleryfriends.net - Unauthenticated arbitrary file upload via the TUS endpoint in JoomGallery < 4.4.2 - The TUS endpoint allows arbitrary file uploads, however neither file name nor file extension are under attacker control. Code execution requires non-standard server configuration.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:A

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-15 19:38 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - - Improper Access Control

Assigner

Joomla mitre root Scorecard

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.joomgalleryfriends.net/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
joomgalleryfriends.net	JoomGallery extension for Joomla	Affected: 4.0.0-4.4.1

Credits

Yugorin of Samar Group — https://retroportal.org

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-83944 (GCVE-0-2026-83944)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 22:55 – Updated: 2026-10-08 18:12 Exclusively Hosted Service

Title

Azure Logic Apps Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Summary

Improper access control in Azure Logic Apps allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Severity

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-18 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control

Assigner

microsoft mitre root Scorecard

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi…	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Microsoft	Azure Logic Apps	Affected: - cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_logic_apps::::::::

Date Public

2026-09-17 14:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-83602 (GCVE-0-2026-83602)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 16:56 – Updated: 2026-09-28 19:29

Title

Netdata: Unauthenticated remote PUT to /api/v3/settings bypasses IP allowlist controls via HTTP_ACL_NOCHECK

Summary

Netdata is an open source observability tool. From 2.0.0 until 2.11.0, Netdata registers /api/v3/settings in src/web/api/v3/web_api_v3.c with HTTP_ACL_NOCHECK and HTTP_ACCESS_ANONYMOUS_DATA, causing unauthenticated PUT requests handled by src/web/api/v3/api_v3_settings.c to bypass operator-configured allow dashboard from IP restrictions. A network-reachable caller can persist attacker-controlled JSON in {varlib}/settings/default.json, manipulate its version counter, and use repeated near-20 MiB writes to consume disk space, although the file does not control collection or security policy. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.0.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-28 19:28 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root Scorecard

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/netdata/netdata/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/netdata/netdata/pull/22896	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/netdata/netdata/commit/0124f50…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/netdata/netdata/releases/tag/v2.11.0	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
netdata	netdata	Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.11.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-82985 (GCVE-0-2026-82985)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 01:26 – Updated: 2026-09-18 19:40

Summary

The Photos app's filter-based "smart albums" build their file listing using the search configuration (photosSourceFolders) of the user viewing the album, rather than the album owner's configuration. When an album owner shares a smart album with another user, that user's own folder configuration is used to determine which of the owner's files are searched — allowing them to discover files (name, file ID, and other metadata) in folders the album owner never intended to include in the shared album. This requires the album owner to have shared a filter-based smart album with the attacker; it does not allow access to arbitrary users' files without such a share.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-18 19:40 UTC

CWE

CWE-284 - Improper Access Control - Generic

Assigner

hackerone mitre root Scorecard

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://hackerone.com/reports/3506873

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Nextcloud	Server	Affected: 32.0.0 , < 32.0.0 (semver)

Credits

Joseph Semaan (suul)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-82921 (GCVE-0-2026-82921)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 21:15 – Updated: 2026-09-01 16:00

Title

ShopEx ECShop pack.php check_img_type unrestricted upload

Summary

A weakness has been identified in ShopEx ECShop up to 2.5.1. This affects the function check_img_type of the file admin/pack.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument pack_img can lead to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

7.3 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-01 16:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload
CWE-284 - Improper Access Controls

Assigner

VulDB mitre root Scorecard

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/397301	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/397301/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-82921	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/879229	third-party-advisory
https://uvxbywu62qm.feishu.cn/wiki/TNENwNItlitygt…	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ShopEx	ECShop	Affected: 2.5.0 Affected: 2.5.1 cpe:2.3:a:shopex:ecshop::::::::

Credits

hubdk01 (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.5.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.5.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "hubdk01 (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A weakness has been identified in ShopEx ECShop up to 2.5.1. This affects the function check_img_type of the file admin/pack.php. Executing a manipulation of the argument pack_img can lead to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "baseScore": 6.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0"
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
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            "version": "2.0"
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
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              "description": "Unrestricted Upload",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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              "description": "Improper Access Controls",
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          "time": "2026-08-31T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
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          "time": "2026-08-31T13:39:44.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
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      "title": "ShopEx ECShop pack.php check_img_type unrestricted upload",
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  "cveMetadata": {
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    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-82921",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-31T21:15:35.351Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-31T11:34:33.389Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-01T16:00:44.279Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation MIT-1

Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.

CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.

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