Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-261

Allowed

Weak Encoding for Password

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

Obscuring a password with a trivial encoding does not protect the password.

77 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2013-1053 (GCVE-0-2013-1053)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-01-13 23:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:23
VLAI
Title
Insecure crypto for storing passwords
Summary
In crypt.c of remote-login-service, the cryptographic algorithm used to cache usernames and passwords is insecure. An attacker could use this vulnerability to recover usernames and passwords from the file. This issue affects version 1.0.0-0ubuntu3 and prior versions.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-261 - Weak Cryptography for Passwords
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://launchpad.net/bugs/1158373 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Canonical remote-login-service Affected: 1.0.0-0 , ≤ 1.0.0-0ubuntu3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2015-03-27 00:00
Credits
Marc Deslauriers
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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GHSA-2CJV-6WG9-F4F3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-16 18:41 – Updated: 2025-11-27 08:44
VLAI
Summary
Strapi Password Hashing is Missing Maximum Password Length Validation
Details

Summary

Strapi's password hashing implementation using bcryptjs lacks maximum password length validation. Since bcryptjs truncates passwords exceeding 72 bytes, this creates potential vulnerabilities such as authentication bypass and performance degradation.

POC

Create an admin user with a password exceeding 72 characters like 85, Log in using only the first 72 characters of the password. Authentication is successful, confirming the issue.

Proposed Solution Based on discussions:

Add a maximum password length validation (72 characters) during password creation and updates for both Admin and U&P users. Truncate passwords exceeding 72 bytes on the server before passing them to bcryptjs during login. Optionally, issue a warning to users with passwords longer than 72 bytes during login, informing them of truncation.

Impact

This issue affects all Strapi installations using bcryptjs for password hashing. Until resolved, it can lead to: Authentication Bypass: Users may unknowingly set passwords exceeding 72 bytes, leading to truncated, predictable hashes. Performance Issues: Excessively long passwords can degrade server performance.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@strapi/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.10.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25298"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-16T18:41:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-16T17:15:33Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nStrapi\u0027s password hashing implementation using bcryptjs lacks maximum password length validation. Since bcryptjs truncates passwords exceeding 72 bytes, this creates potential vulnerabilities such as authentication bypass and performance degradation.\n\n## POC\nCreate an admin user with a password exceeding 72 characters like 85,\nLog in using only the first 72 characters of the password.\nAuthentication is successful, confirming the issue.\n\nProposed Solution Based on  discussions:\n\nAdd a maximum password length validation (72 characters) during password creation and updates for both Admin and U\u0026P users.\nTruncate passwords exceeding 72 bytes on the server before passing them to bcryptjs during login.\nOptionally, issue a warning to users with passwords longer than 72 bytes during login, informing them of truncation.\n\n## Impact\nThis issue affects all Strapi installations using bcryptjs for password hashing. Until resolved, it can lead to:\nAuthentication Bypass: Users may unknowingly set passwords exceeding 72 bytes, leading to truncated, predictable hashes.\nPerformance Issues: Excessively long passwords can degrade server performance.",
  "id": "GHSA-2cjv-6wg9-f4f3",
  "modified": "2025-11-27T08:44:59Z",
  "published": "2025-10-16T18:41:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/security/advisories/GHSA-2cjv-6wg9-f4f3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25298"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi/commit/41f8cdf116f7f464dae7d591e52d88f7bfa4b7cb"
    },
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      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi"
    }
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  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
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    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Strapi Password Hashing is Missing Maximum Password Length Validation"
}

GHSA-2QPQ-X4M7-GJF3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 03:30 – Updated: 2025-04-04 03:30
VLAI
Details

Weak encoding for password vulnerability exists in HMI ViewJet C-more series. If this vulnerability is exploited, authentication information may be obtained by a local authenticated attacker.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-26401"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T02:15:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Weak encoding for password vulnerability exists in HMI ViewJet C-more series. If this vulnerability is exploited, authentication information may be obtained by a local authenticated attacker.",
  "id": "GHSA-2qpq-x4m7-gjf3",
  "modified": "2025-04-04T03:30:20Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T03:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26401"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN17260367"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.electronics.jtekt.co.jp/en/topics/202503207271"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-35HG-F9QQ-236G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-17 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:43
VLAI
Details

Eaton easyE4 PLC offers a device password protection functionality to facilitate a secure connection and prevent unauthorized access. It was observed that the device password was stored with a weak encoding algorithm in the easyE4 program file when exported to SD card (*.PRG file ending).

Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-43776"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261",
      "CWE-326"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-17T13:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Eaton easyE4 PLC offers a device password protection functionality to facilitate a secure connection and prevent unauthorized access. It was observed that the device password was stored with a weak encoding algorithm in the easyE4 program file when exported to SD card (*.PRG file ending).",
  "id": "GHSA-35hg-f9qq-236g",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:43:07Z",
  "published": "2023-10-17T15:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43776"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/company/news-insights/cybersecurity/security-bulletins/etn-va-2023-1010.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3GG4-V4M9-RJ55

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-24 00:30 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:36
VLAI
Details

Lantronix XPort sends weakly encoded credentials within web request headers.

Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-7237"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261",
      "CWE-326"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-23T22:15:16Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "\nLantronix XPort sends weakly encoded credentials within web request headers.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-3gg4-v4m9-rj55",
  "modified": "2024-03-21T03:36:24Z",
  "published": "2024-01-24T00:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-023-05"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.lantronix.com/products/xport-edge"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4H75-V39V-9PQ7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-12 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-12 15:30
VLAI
Details

Use of a custom token encoding algorithm in Streamsoft Prestiż software allows the value of the KSeF (Krajowy System e-Faktur) token to be guessed after analyzing how tokens with know values are encoded.

This issue was fixed in version 20.0.380.92.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0809"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-12T13:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Use of a custom token encoding algorithm in Streamsoft Presti\u017c software allows\u00a0the value of the KSeF (Krajowy System e-Faktur)\u00a0token to be guessed\u00a0after analyzing how tokens with know values are encoded.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 20.0.380.92.",
  "id": "GHSA-4h75-v39v-9pq7",
  "modified": "2026-03-12T15:30:25Z",
  "published": "2026-03-12T15:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0809"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2026/03/CVE-2026-0809"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.streamsoft.pl/streamsoft-prestiz"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5M86-GJ68-X34M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-16 12:30 – Updated: 2024-01-16 12:30
VLAI
Details

A Weak Cryptography for Passwords vulnerability has been detected on WIC200 affecting version 1.1. This vulnerability allows a remote user to intercept the traffic and retrieve the credentials from another user and decode it in base64 allowing the attacker to see the credentials in plain text.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0556"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T11:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A Weak Cryptography for Passwords vulnerability has been detected on WIC200 affecting version 1.1. This vulnerability allows a remote user to intercept the traffic and retrieve the credentials from another user and decode it in base64 allowing the attacker to see the credentials in plain text.",
  "id": "GHSA-5m86-gj68-x34m",
  "modified": "2024-01-16T12:30:26Z",
  "published": "2024-01-16T12:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0556"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-full-compass-systems-wic1200"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-63GH-HJ5G-65R3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-18 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-25 15:30
VLAI
Details

An unauthorized user with network access and the decryption key could decrypt sensitive data, such as usernames and passwords.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-38469"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261",
      "CWE-326",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-18T00:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An unauthorized user with network access and the decryption key could decrypt sensitive data, such as usernames and passwords.",
  "id": "GHSA-63gh-hj5g-65r3",
  "modified": "2023-01-25T15:30:59Z",
  "published": "2023-01-18T00:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-38469"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://digitalsupport.ge.com/s/article/GE-Digital-Product-Security-Advisory-GED-23-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-23-017-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6C3G-5C2Q-H98Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-08 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

An issue discovered in web-flash v3.0 allows attackers to reset passwords for arbitrary users via crafted POST request to /prod-api/user/resetPassword.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28270"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-08T19:15:07Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue discovered in web-flash v3.0 allows attackers to reset passwords for arbitrary users via crafted POST request to /prod-api/user/resetPassword.",
  "id": "GHSA-6c3g-5c2q-h98q",
  "modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:37Z",
  "published": "2024-04-08T21:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28270"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bcvgh/web-flash-Broken-Access-Control-vulnerability"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-86FV-7C2X-FGX6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30
VLAI
Details

Use of a weak password encoding algorithm in STER software allows the value of the password to be guessed after analyzing how passwords with known values are encoded.

This issue was fixed in version 9.5.

Severity
5.7 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25607"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-261"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-22T10:16:17Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Use of a weak password encoding algorithm in STER software allows the value of the password to be guessed after analyzing how passwords with known values are encoded.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 9.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-86fv-7c2x-fgx6",
  "modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:15Z",
  "published": "2026-05-26T13:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25607"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2026/05/CVE-2026-25606"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ciop.pl/CIOPPortalWAR/appmanager/ciop/pl?_nfpb=true\u0026_pageLabel=P52000165211572544981480"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation

Passwords should be encrypted with keys that are at least 128 bits in length for adequate security.

CAPEC-55: Rainbow Table Password Cracking

An attacker gets access to the database table where hashes of passwords are stored. They then use a rainbow table of pre-computed hash chains to attempt to look up the original password. Once the original password corresponding to the hash is obtained, the attacker uses the original password to gain access to the system.

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