Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
15066 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-82427 (GCVE-0-2026-82427)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 14:19 – Updated: 2026-09-14 19:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Storm Nimbus: Path Traversal as the Supervisor User via Unsanitised Blobstore Map Local Name
Summary
Description
A topology's `topology.blobstore.map` lets the submitter choose a local name for each blob that the
supervisor localises. That name was used to build a path under the topology's working directory without
normalisation, in both `AsyncLocalizer` and `Container.createBlobstoreLinks`, and the symlink helper
force-deletes whatever already exists at the target before creating the link.
A submitter could therefore use `../` segments to direct that delete-and-symlink operation at an arbitrary
path, as the supervisor user, on every node the topology is scheduled onto. The consequences include
recursive deletion of supervisor-owned content and planting a symlink that causes a subsequent worker
launch to execute attacker-chosen code as another tenant's operating-system user, which defeats the
isolation that `supervisor.run.worker.as.user` is intended to provide.
Mitigation
Upgrade to 3.1.0, where the resolved target must lie inside the expected root at both call sites.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should restrict topology submission to trusted principals, and may
reject submissions whose `topology.blobstore.map` entries contain path separators or `..` segments before
they reach Nimbus.
Credit
The ASF -- found using Claude agents to study the security of open-source projects, validated and reported by Apache Storm.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 19:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm Nimbus |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-82426 (GCVE-0-2026-82426)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 14:04 – Updated: 2026-09-14 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Storm Nimbus: Arbitrary File Read on Nimbus via Unvalidated Uploaded Jar Location
Summary
Description
Nimbus accepted the `uploadedJarLocation` argument of `submitTopology` / `submitTopologyWithOpts` as a
server-side path and opened it directly, without checking that it referred to a file the caller had
actually uploaded. The intended flow is that a client first calls `beginFileUpload`, which returns a path
inside the Nimbus inbox, and uploads the jar in chunks to that location; nothing bound submission to that
flow, and the `uploaders` map populated by `beginFileUpload` was never consulted at submit time.
An authenticated user with topology submission rights could therefore submit any path readable by the
Nimbus daemon user as their topology jar. Nimbus copied the file into the topology's jar blob, and the
blob ACL grants the submitting subject read access, so the contents could then be retrieved with the
ordinary blob download RPCs. Candidate targets include the Nimbus Kerberos keytab, Thrift and UI TLS
private keys, and `storm.yaml` with the ZooKeeper authentication payload. Possession of the Nimbus keytab
turns an ordinary tenant into a cluster administrator.
In a deployment configured as the documentation recommends, submission is available to every
authenticated principal when `nimbus.users` is unset, so no elevated privilege is required.
Mitigation
Upgrade to 3.1.0, where the submitted location is canonicalised and must resolve inside the Nimbus inbox.
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`nimbus.users` or `nimbus.groups`, and should treat any file readable by the Nimbus daemon user as
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credentials reachable from that account. Local mode is unaffected.
Credit
Independently reported to the Apache Storm PMC by n0mi1k, with a proof of concept.
Also found by the ASF using Claude agents to study the security of open-source projects, validated and reported by Apache Storm.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 19:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm Nimbus |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-82393 (GCVE-0-2026-82393)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 21:12 – Updated: 2026-09-02 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pnpm: A tarball dependency's manifest `name` escapes node_modules → arbitrary file write/overwrite on install
Summary
pnpm is a package manager. Prior to 10.34.5 and 11.11.0, pnpm accepts a scoped path traversal in a tarball dependency's package.json manifest name because pnpm11/resolving/npm-resolver/src/pickPackage.ts rejects slash characters only for unscoped names. During pnpm install, the unvalidated name reaches raw path joins in pnpm11/installing/deps-resolver/src/resolvePeers.ts, pnpm11/installing/deps-resolver/src/index.ts, and pnpm11/deps/graph-builder/src/lockfileToDepGraph.ts, causing package extraction outside node_modules and allowing attacker-controlled files to overwrite arbitrary filesystem paths even when --ignore-scripts is used. The overwrite can replace shell startup files, Git hooks, or installed package code and lead to code execution. This issue is fixed in versions 10.34.5, and 11.11.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/pull/12872 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/pull/12890 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/commit/51300fd41c5e4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/commit/78e29fe5583a1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/releases/tag/v10.34.5 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/releases/tag/v11.11.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-82392 (GCVE-0-2026-82392)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 21:03 – Updated: 2026-09-01 14:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pnpm: Virtual store linker path traversal via unvalidated depPath name in lockfileToDepGraph
Summary
pnpm is a package manager. Prior to 10.34.5 and from 11.0.0 until 11.11.0, pnpm parses the package name from attacker-controlled pnpm-lock.yaml packages keys with dp.parse(depPath).name and uses it without validation in deps/graph-builder/src/lockfileToDepGraph.ts and pnpm11/deps/graph-builder/src/lockfileToDepGraph.ts. The name reaches path.join(modules, pkgName), storeController.importPackage, and pnpm11/lockfile/to-pnp/src/index.ts, allowing package contents to be written outside node_modules when a user runs pnpm install. When dangerouslyAllowAllBuilds or a matching allowBuilds entry permits lifecycle scripts, the escaped package can execute code with the user's privileges. This issue is fixed in versions 10.34.5 and 11.11.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 14:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/pull/12872 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/pull/12890 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/commit/51300fd41c5e4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/commit/78e29fe5583a1… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/releases/tag/v10.34.5 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/releases/tag/v11.11.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-82286 (GCVE-0-2026-82286)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 16:19 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gpt-crawler Arbitrary File Write via outputFileName Parameter
Summary
gpt-crawler through 1.5.1 fails to validate the outputFileName parameter in the POST /crawl endpoint, allowing unauthenticated attackers to write arbitrary files to any filesystem path. Attackers can supply absolute paths or parent-directory segments to overwrite existing files with content sourced from attacker-controlled URLs.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/BuilderIO/gpt-crawler/issues/418 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/BuilderIO/gpt-crawler | product |
| https://github.com/BuilderIO/gpt-crawler/blob/d22… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/BuilderIO/gpt-crawler/blob/d22… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gpt-crawler-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BuilderIO | gpt-crawler |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.5.1
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-07-03 00:00
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CVE-2026-82275 (GCVE-0-2026-82275)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 16:18 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Qwen-Agent Arbitrary File Read via Caller-Supplied Document Path
Summary
Qwen-Agent through 0.0.34 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the document parser that fails to restrict file access to intended directories. Attackers can supply absolute file paths to the unauthenticated Gradio interface to read arbitrary files accessible by the server process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen-Agent/issues/912 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen-Agent | product |
| https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen-Agent/blob/31a4d36… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen-Agent/blob/31a4d36… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qwen-agent-a… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QwenLM | Qwen-Agent |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.0.34
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-07-03 00:00
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CVE-2026-82264 (GCVE-0-2026-82264)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 16:18 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Duplicacy Path Traversal during Restore via Unsanitized Snapshot Paths
Summary
Duplicacy through 3.2.5 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the restore function that fails to validate entry paths deserialized from snapshot files. Attackers can craft malicious snapshot entries with directory traversal sequences to write files outside the restore directory to arbitrary locations accessible by the restoring user.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 20:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gilbertchen/duplicacy/issues/692 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/gilbertchen/duplicacy | product |
| https://github.com/gilbertchen/duplicacy/blob/54f… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/gilbertchen/duplicacy/blob/54f… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/duplicacy-pa… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| gilbertchen | duplicacy |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.2.5
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-08-16 00:00
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CVE-2026-82253 (GCVE-0-2026-82253)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 10:49 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gitoxide before 0.82.0 Path Traversal via Submodule Name Validation Bypass
Summary
gitoxide (Rust crates gix <= 0.72.0 and gix-validate <= 0.10.0) contains a path traversal vulnerability. The submodule name validation function in gix-validate only checks the first occurrence of '..' via name.find(b".."), allowing crafted names such as 'a..b/../../../.git/' to bypass the check; additionally this validation is never invoked in production code paths. Combined with a trust inheritance flaw in Submodule::open(), where the parent repository's git_dir_trust (Trust::Full) is cloned and the ownership verification is skipped, an attacker can craft a malicious .gitmodules file so that a victim tool built on gitoxide reads arbitrary git repository configuration (including embedded credentials) with full trust, bypassing safe-directory protections. Fixed in gix 0.82.0 and gix-validate 0.11.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gitoxide-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitoxideLabs | gitoxide |
Affected:
0 , < 0.82.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 0.82.0 (semver) |
|
| GitoxideLabs | gitoxide |
Affected:
0 , < 0.11.1
(semver)
Unaffected: 0.11.1 (semver) |
Date Public
2026-04-25 00:00
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CVE-2026-82251 (GCVE-0-2026-82251)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 10:49 – Updated: 2026-08-29 13:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gitoxide before 0.52.1 Path Traversal via Submodule Name
Summary
gitoxide before 0.52.1 fails to validate submodule names from .gitmodules configuration, allowing path traversal when deriving submodule git directories. Attackers can craft malicious submodule names with traversal segments to redirect state() and open() functions to repositories outside .git/modules, causing repository confusion and inspection of attacker-controlled repositories.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 14:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/GitoxideLabs/gitoxide/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/gitoxide-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitoxideLabs | gitoxide |
Affected:
0 , < 0.52.1
(semver)
Unaffected: 0.52.1 (semver) |
|
| GitoxideLabs | gitoxide |
Affected:
0 , < 0.82.0
(semver)
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Date Public
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CVE-2026-82233 (GCVE-0-2026-82233)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 10:49 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SiYuan before v3.8.1 Path Traversal via asset.upload
Summary
SiYuan before v3.8.1 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the asset.upload MCP tool that accepts arbitrary absolute file paths without workspace boundary validation. Attackers can induce the AI Agent to upload sensitive files such as SSH keys or credentials from outside the workspace into the asset directory through prompt injection.
Severity
5.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/ad… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/siyuan-befor… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| siyuan-note | siyuan |
Affected:
0 , < 3.8.1
(semver)
Unaffected: 3.8.1 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:b3log:siyuan:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-08-13 00:00
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Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.