CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
938 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4VGC-RWR6-7J6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-04 12:31 – Updated: 2024-12-04 12:31In JetBrains YouTrack before 2024.3.52635 multiple merge functions were vulnerable to prototype pollution attack
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54156"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-04T12:15:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains YouTrack before 2024.3.52635 multiple merge functions were vulnerable to prototype pollution attack",
"id": "GHSA-4vgc-rwr6-7j6r",
"modified": "2024-12-04T12:31:45Z",
"published": "2024-12-04T12:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4VJR-HFPP-2M7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 06:34 – Updated: 2025-04-04 18:24Versions of the package expand-object from 0.0.0 to 0.4.2 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in the expand() function in index.js. This function expands the given string into an object and allows a nested property to be set without checking the provided keys for sensitive properties like proto.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "expand-object"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.4.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-04T18:24:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T05:15:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of the package expand-object from 0.0.0 to 0.4.2 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in the expand() function in index.js. This function expands the given string into an object and allows a nested property to be set without checking the provided keys for sensitive properties like __proto__.",
"id": "GHSA-4vjr-hfpp-2m7w",
"modified": "2025-04-04T18:24:05Z",
"published": "2025-04-04T06:34:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/miguelafmonteiro/d8f66af61d14e06338b688f90c4dfa7c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jonschlinkert/expand-object"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jonschlinkert/expand-object/blob/master/index.js#L13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-EXPANDOBJECT-5821390"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "expand-object Vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the expand() Function"
}
GHSA-4WM9-3QMV-GVXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-01 15:32 – Updated: 2024-07-12 19:08rjrodger jsonic-next v2.12.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function empty. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "jsonic"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.12.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-01T21:52:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-01T13:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "rjrodger jsonic-next v2.12.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function empty. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.",
"id": "GHSA-4wm9-3qmv-gvxj",
"modified": "2024-07-12T19:08:25Z",
"published": "2024-07-01T15:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/mestrtee/9a2b522d59c53f31f45c1edb96459693"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jsonicjs/jsonic"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "jsonic was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function empty.",
"withdrawn": "2024-07-12T19:08:25Z"
}
GHSA-4XCX-CWRQ-W792
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-06 21:30 – Updated: 2023-10-13 21:26In NASA Open MCT (aka openmct) before commit 545a177 is subject to a prototype pollution which can occur via an import action.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openmct"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-45282"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-09T00:48:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-06T19:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In NASA Open MCT (aka openmct) before commit 545a177 is subject to a prototype pollution which can occur via an import action.",
"id": "GHSA-4xcx-cwrq-w792",
"modified": "2023-10-13T21:26:57Z",
"published": "2023-10-06T21:30:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nasa/openmct/pull/7094/commits/545a1770c523ecc3410dca884c6809d5ff0f9d52"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nasa/openmct/commit/2243381d527c0d84cc48e9ace78be7cda5363612"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nasa/openmct"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nasa/openmct/compare/v3.0.2...v3.1.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nasa.github.io/openmct"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/prototype-pollution-nasas-open-mct-cve-2023-45282"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in NASA Open MCT"
}
GHSA-529Q-4J3P-7C5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-27 06:30 – Updated: 2025-09-30 20:54Versions of the package algoliasearch-helper from 2.0.0-rc1 and before 3.11.2 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in the _merge() function in merge.js, which allows constructor.prototype to be written even though doing so throws an error. In the "extreme edge-case" that the resulting error is caught, code injected into the user-supplied search parameter may be exeucted.
This is related to but distinct from the issue reported in CVE-2021-23433.
NOTE: This vulnerability is not exploitable in the default configuration of InstantSearch since searchParameters are not modifiable by users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "algoliasearch-helper"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3.11.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-30T20:54:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-27T05:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of the package algoliasearch-helper from 2.0.0-rc1 and before 3.11.2 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in the _merge() function in merge.js, which allows constructor.prototype to be written even though doing so throws an error. In the \"extreme edge-case\" that the resulting error is caught, code injected into the user-supplied search parameter may be exeucted.\n\nThis is related to but distinct from the issue reported in [CVE-2021-23433](https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-ALGOLIASEARCHHELPER-1570421).\n\n**NOTE:** This vulnerability is not exploitable in the default configuration of InstantSearch since searchParameters are not modifiable by users.",
"id": "GHSA-529q-4j3p-7c5r",
"modified": "2025-09-30T20:54:39Z",
"published": "2025-09-27T06:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/algolia/algoliasearch-helper-js/issues/922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/algolia/algoliasearch-helper-js/commit/776dff23c87b0902e554e02a8c2567d2580fe12a"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/algolia/algoliasearch-helper-js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-ALGOLIASEARCHHELPER-3318396"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "algoliasearch-helper is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution in _merge()"
}
GHSA-53RP-33P8-4HM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-06 06:31 – Updated: 2025-02-06 15:32A prototype pollution in the lib.merge function of xe-utils v3.5.31 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-57074"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-05T22:15:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A prototype pollution in the lib.merge function of xe-utils v3.5.31 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-53rp-33p8-4hm8",
"modified": "2025-02-06T15:32:52Z",
"published": "2025-02-06T06:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-57074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/tariqhawis/82e3eb472d03273a74e40242e8356297"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-54XV-94QV-2GFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-10 17:43 – Updated: 2025-07-10 23:23Summary
The expression evaluation feature in pdfme 5.2.0 to 5.4.0 contains critical vulnerabilities allowing sandbox escape leading to XSS and prototype pollution attacks.
Details
1. Sandbox Escape Leading to XSS
The expression evaluator's sandbox can be bypassed to execute arbitrary JavaScript code. Attackers can obtain the Function constructor through indirect methods:
// Attack vector 1: Using Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor
{ ((f, g) => f(g(Object), "constructor").value)(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor, Object.getPrototypeOf)("alert(location)")() }
// Attack vector 2: Using object property access
{ { f: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor }.f({ g: Object.getPrototypeOf }.g(Object), "constructor").value("alert(location)")() }
Both payloads bypass the sandbox restrictions and execute Function("alert(location)")().
2. Prototype Pollution
The expression evaluator allows access to prototype accessor methods which can be exploited with Object.assign to pollute the prototype chain:
- __lookupGetter__
- __lookupSetter__
- __defineGetter__
- __defineSetter__
Impact
These vulnerabilities allow attackers to: - Execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the application - Steal sensitive information including cookies and tokens - Modify application behavior through prototype pollution - Potentially perform actions on behalf of users
Proof of Concept
Loading the following template in pdfme triggers alert(location):
{
"schemas": [[{
"name": "field1",
"type": "text",
"content": "{ ((f, g) => f(g(Object), 'constructor').value)(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor, Object.getPrototypeOf)('alert(location)')() }",
"position": { "x": 0, "y": 0 },
"width": 100,
"height": 100
}]],
"basePdf": { "width": 100, "height": 100 },
"pdfmeVersion": "5.4.0"
}
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@pdfme/common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53626"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-10T17:43:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-10T19:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\nThe expression evaluation feature in pdfme 5.2.0 to 5.4.0 contains critical vulnerabilities allowing sandbox escape leading to XSS and prototype pollution attacks.\n\n## Details\n\n### 1. Sandbox Escape Leading to XSS\n\nThe expression evaluator\u0027s sandbox can be bypassed to execute arbitrary JavaScript code. Attackers can obtain the Function constructor through indirect methods:\n\n```javascript\n// Attack vector 1: Using Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor\n{ ((f, g) =\u003e f(g(Object), \"constructor\").value)(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor, Object.getPrototypeOf)(\"alert(location)\")() }\n\n// Attack vector 2: Using object property access\n{ { f: Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor }.f({ g: Object.getPrototypeOf }.g(Object), \"constructor\").value(\"alert(location)\")() }\n```\n\nBoth payloads bypass the sandbox restrictions and execute `Function(\"alert(location)\")()`.\n\n### 2. Prototype Pollution\n\nThe expression evaluator allows access to prototype accessor methods which can be exploited with Object.assign to pollute the prototype chain:\n- `__lookupGetter__`\n- `__lookupSetter__`\n- `__defineGetter__`\n- `__defineSetter__`\n\n## Impact\n\nThese vulnerabilities allow attackers to:\n- Execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the application\n- Steal sensitive information including cookies and tokens\n- Modify application behavior through prototype pollution\n- Potentially perform actions on behalf of users\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nLoading the following template in pdfme triggers `alert(location)`:\n\n```json\n{\n \"schemas\": [[{\n \"name\": \"field1\",\n \"type\": \"text\",\n \"content\": \"{ ((f, g) =\u003e f(g(Object), \u0027constructor\u0027).value)(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor, Object.getPrototypeOf)(\u0027alert(location)\u0027)() }\",\n \"position\": { \"x\": 0, \"y\": 0 },\n \"width\": 100,\n \"height\": 100\n }]],\n \"basePdf\": { \"width\": 100, \"height\": 100 },\n \"pdfmeVersion\": \"5.4.0\"\n}\n```",
"id": "GHSA-54xv-94qv-2gfg",
"modified": "2025-07-10T23:23:06Z",
"published": "2025-07-10T17:43:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfme/pdfme/security/advisories/GHSA-54xv-94qv-2gfg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfme/pdfme/pull/1117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfme/pdfme/commit/0dd54739acff2c249ed68c001a896bee38f0fd85"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfme/pdfme"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pdfme/pdfme/releases/tag/5.4.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "@pdfme/common vulnerable to to XSS and Prototype Pollution through its expression evaluation"
}
GHSA-587P-W43Q-4HJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 16:19NPM package query-parser-string 1.0.0 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. The package does not properly sanitize user supplied query parameters and merges them to the newly created object.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "query-string-parser"
},
"versions": [
"1.0.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63704"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-12T16:19:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-07T16:16:17Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "NPM package query-parser-string 1.0.0 is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. The package does not properly sanitize user supplied query parameters and merges them to the newly created object.",
"id": "GHSA-587p-w43q-4hjx",
"modified": "2026-05-12T16:19:25Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63704"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/victorteokw/query-string-parser/issues/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/6en6ar/d62f614dbb2b1032b5e45a56fe26ec8b"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/victorteokw/query-string-parser"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/query-string-parser?activeTab=readme"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "query-parser-string is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution"
}
GHSA-5888-FFCR-R425
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-09 22:20 – Updated: 2023-10-23 19:20Impact
This is critical vulnerability, as it allows to run arbitrary code on any server using superjson input, including a Blitz.js server, without prior authentication or knowledge. Attackers gain full control over the server so they could steal and manipulate data or attack further systems. The only requirement is that the server implements at least one endpoint which uses superjson during request processing. In the case of Blitz.js, it would be at least one RPC call.
Patches
This has been patched in superjson 1.8.1 and Blitz.js 0.45.3.
If you are unable to upgrade to Blitz.js 0.45.3 in a timely manner, you can instead upgrade only superjson to version 1.8.1 using yarn resolutions are similar. Blitz versions < 0.45.3 are only affected because they used superjson versions < 1.8.1.
Workarounds
None
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson * Email us at b@bayer.ws
References
- https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/blitzjs-prototype-pollution/
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "superjson"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "blitz"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.45.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23631"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-02-09T22:20:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThis is critical vulnerability, as it allows to run arbitrary code on any server using superjson input, including a Blitz.js server, without prior authentication or knowledge. Attackers gain full control over the server so they could steal and manipulate data or attack further systems. The only requirement is that the server implements at least one endpoint which uses superjson during request processing. In the case of Blitz.js, it would be at least one RPC call. \n\n### Patches\nThis has been patched in superjson 1.8.1 and Blitz.js 0.45.3. \n\nIf you are unable to upgrade to Blitz.js 0.45.3 in a timely manner, you can instead upgrade only superjson to version 1.8.1 using yarn resolutions are similar. Blitz versions \u003c 0.45.3 are only affected because they used superjson versions \u003c 1.8.1.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson\n* Email us at b@bayer.ws\n\n### References\n* https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/blitzjs-prototype-pollution/",
"id": "GHSA-5888-ffcr-r425",
"modified": "2023-10-23T19:20:21Z",
"published": "2022-02-09T22:20:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson/security/advisories/GHSA-5888-ffcr-r425"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23631"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-5888-ffcr-r425"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/blitz-js/superjson"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/blitzjs-prototype-pollution"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution leading to Remote Code Execution in superjson"
}
GHSA-58G2-9FQR-36Q2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-02 22:01 – Updated: 2021-09-10 17:08This affects all versions of package Proto. It is possible to inject pollute the object property of an application using Proto by leveraging the merge function.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "Proto"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.1.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23426"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-02T17:04:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-01T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package Proto. It is possible to inject pollute the object property of an application using Proto by leveraging the merge function.",
"id": "GHSA-58g2-9fqr-36q2",
"modified": "2021-09-10T17:08:40Z",
"published": "2021-09-02T22:01:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23426"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/adriancmiranda/Proto"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-PROTO-1316301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/Proto"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Prototype Pollution in Proto"
}
Mitigation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.