Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-129
AllowedImproper Validation of Array Index
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
837 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-102822 (GCVE-0-2026-102822)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-29 18:23 – Updated: 2026-09-29 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
russh: negotiating a MAC-requiring block cipher (CTR/CBC) with mac=none causes a slice-index-out-of-range panic
Summary
Russh is a Rust SSH client and server library. Prior to 0.63.1, a connection configured to permit mac=none can negotiate it with a MAC-requiring CTR or CBC block cipher because the selection logic validates needs_mac() only when MAC selection fails. A remote peer can then send a packet with a decrypted length of zero, causing russh/src/cipher/mod.rs to shrink the previously read block before indexing buffer.buffer[16..], which panics and terminates the connection task. This issue is fixed in version 0.63.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-29 19:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Eugeny/russh/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Eugeny/russh/commit/2885385abf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Eugeny/russh/releases/tag/v0.63.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-102511 (GCVE-0-2026-102511)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 08:03 – Updated: 2026-09-30 16:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X, Apache PLC4X: ADS discovery accepts spoofed responses and derives the connection target from them
Summary
Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel in the ADS discovery of the Go implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4Go) allows an attacker able to send UDP datagrams to the discovering host to redirect subsequent connections to an arbitrary, attacker-chosen address. The discovery result's connection
address was derived from the AmsNetId claimed in the response body rather than from the datagram's actual source address. One spoofed discovery response can therefore insert an inventory entry pointing at any host, including hosts outside the local network, and an application that connects to discovered devices
will open its ADS session, including any configured route credentials, to that host.
Additionally, discovery listeners in both implementations can be disabled by a single malformed datagram:
- In PLC4Go ADS discovery, a short version block causes a panic that ends the listener for the rest of the discovery call, so legitimate devices answering afterwards are not reported.
- In PLC4J, the ADS and EtherNet/IP discoverers stop on an unhandled exception from a malformed response.
- The PLC4J Modbus discoverer can be made to spin indefinitely, consuming a CPU core, by a scanned host that sends a partial response.
Exploitation requires the application to invoke the discovery API, which is opt-in, and for the connection redirect, to act on the discovered items.
This issue affects Apache PLC4X: PLC4Go from 0.11.0 before 1.0.0; PLC4J ADS and Modbus drivers from 0.10.0 before 1.0.0; PLC4J EtherNet/IP driver from 0.11.0 before 1.0.0. PLC4Go is consumed as the Go module github.com/apache/plc4x/plc4go; versions refer to the corresponding Apache PLC4X releases.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.0.0, which fixes the issue. Version 1.0.0 derives the connection address from the datagram's source address and logs a warning when the claimed AmsNetId disagrees with it.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 16:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache PLC4X |
Affected:
0.11.0 , < 1.0.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.0.0 (semver) |
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache PLC4X |
Affected:
0.10.0 , < 1.0.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.0.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-102510 (GCVE-0-2026-102510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 08:01 – Updated: 2026-09-30 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache PLC4X: Go binding: unbounded allocation and framing failures on wire-controlled lengths
Summary
Integer Overflow, Improper Validation of Array Index, Uncontrolled Recursion and Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value in the Go implementation of Apache PLC4X (PLC4Go) allow a malicious device, or an attacker able to inject network traffic, to crash or exhaust the memory of the client application,
causing a denial of service.
The individual defects are:
- Generated parsers pre-allocate arrays with the element count claimed on the wire (0.13.0 through 0.13.1).
- Transport read helpers allocate buffers of the size claimed on the wire without an upper bound.
- ADS and KNXnet/IP response handling indexes into received data without checking its length, causing a panic.
- ADS and EIP frame-length handling accepts, or arithmetically wraps to, a length of zero, breaking message framing.
- Recursive protocol types are parsed without a nesting-depth limit. The same defect in the Java implementation is covered by CVE-2026-102509 https://cveprocess.apache.org/cve5/CVE-2026-102509 .
Additionally, length and position arithmetic in generated serializers was performed in 16-bit integers. If an application forwards attacker-influenced payloads larger than 8 KB, the length field wraps, and the remainder of the payload may be interpreted by the receiving device (for example, an ADS PLC) as
additional, independent protocol messages.
This issue affects Apache PLC4X: from 0.11.0 before 1.0.0. PLC4Go is consumed as the Go module github.com/apache/plc4x/plc4go; versions refer to the corresponding Apache PLC4X releases.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.0.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 14:40 UTC
CWE
- CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value. This covers the array pre-allocation (f017) and the transport read buffers (f018)
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound. This covers the uint16 length and position wraps (f009) and the EIP packet size wrapping to 0 (f014)
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index. This covers the ADS and KNXnet/IP index panics (f013, f015)
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion. This covers the Go part of f045
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/lw66k49p1jf7… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache PLC4X |
Affected:
0.11.0 , < 1.0.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 1.0.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-100836 (GCVE-0-2026-100836)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-27 01:29 – Updated: 2026-09-28 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Edgeless Systems Contrast through 1.20.0 Denial of Service via ciphertextContainer
Summary
Contrast through 1.20.0 contains a panic vulnerability in the transit-engine endpoint's ciphertextContainer.UnmarshalJSON function that fails to validate decoded ciphertext length before slicing. An authenticated workload with a valid mesh certificate can trigger a runtime panic by submitting a short base64-encoded ciphertext, causing log spam and request failures without crashing the process.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-28 16:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/edgelesssys/contrast/security/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/edgeless-sys… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| edgelesssys | contrast |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.20.0
(semver)
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Date Public
2026-05-27 00:00
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CVE-2026-100654 (GCVE-0-2026-100654)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-26 13:23 – Updated: 2026-09-30 14:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM before 0.29.0 Denial of Service via out-of-range stop_token_ids
Summary
vLLM before 0.29.0 accepts user-controlled stop_token_ids on the OpenAI-compatible POST /v1/completions and POST /v1/chat/completions endpoints but validates only that the values are integers, not that each token id is within the model vocabulary/logits range. When min_tokens > 0, the stop token ids are used as logits indices to suppress stop tokens, so an out-of-range id reaches a CUDA indexing operation (index_put_) and triggers a device-side assertion. An authenticated API user can send a single malformed completion request that returns 500 Internal Server Error and puts EngineCore into a fatal state, causing subsequent requests to fail until the service is restarted (denial of service).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-30 14:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vllm-before-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
0 , < 0.29.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 0.29.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-12 00:00
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CVE-2026-96675 (GCVE-0-2026-96675)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 15:35 – Updated: 2026-09-23 17:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
alsa-lib through 1.2.16.1 Denial of Service via pcm_multi
Summary
alsa-lib through 1.2.16.1 contains a denial of service vulnerability in the multi PCM plugin that fails to validate sparse binding indices before array access. Attackers can supply a malicious ALSA configuration file with sparse bindings to trigger an out-of-bounds array read and assertion failure, causing the application to abort.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 17:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-lib/pull/527 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-lib/blob/v1.… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/alsa-project/alsa-lib | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/alsa-lib-thr… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALSA Project | alsa-lib |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.16.1
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:alsa-project:alsa-lib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-19 00:00
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CVE-2026-93989 (GCVE-0-2026-93989)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-19 22:58 – Updated: 2026-09-22 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM through 0.29.0 Cross-Request Logits Corruption via bad_words
Summary
vLLM through 0.29.0 fails to properly validate bad_words token indices against the model's generation output width in SamplingParams.update_from_tokenizer(). Attackers can supply out-of-bounds token indices that corrupt logits memory of concurrent requests, causing different in-flight HTTP requests to return incorrect tokens.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 16:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/48824 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/98dff2a… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/98dff2a… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vllm-through… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
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|---|---|---|---|
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Date Public
2026-07-16 00:00
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CVE-2026-93841 (GCVE-0-2026-93841)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 19:06 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM through 0.29.0 Adjacent-Request Sampler State Corruption via Unvalidated Prompt Token IDs
Summary
vLLM through 0.29.0 contains a memory corruption vulnerability in the Triton _bincount_kernel where prompt token IDs index the penalty prompt-presence bitset without bounds checking against vocabulary size. Attackers can submit multimodal audio requests with tokens equal to vocabulary size, causing out-of-bounds writes that corrupt concurrent requests' sampler state and alter repetition penalty behavior.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 16:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/49081 | patchissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm | product |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/v0.29.0… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/v0.29.0… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vllm-through… | third-party-advisory |
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1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
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cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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2026-07-19 00:00
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CVE-2026-93840 (GCVE-0-2026-93840)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 19:06 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM before 0.29.0 Cross-Request Logits Corruption via allowed_token_ids
Summary
vLLM before 0.29.0 validates allowed_token_ids against tokenizer length instead of model output logits width in SamplingParams._validate_allowed_token_ids(). Attackers can supply token IDs above the output vocabulary that pass validation, causing LogitBiasState to corrupt GPU logits state and allow concurrent requests to sample tokens outside their allowlists.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 18:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/49080 | patchissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm | product |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/5b0e5… | patch |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/v0.28.0… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/blob/v0.28.0… | technical-description |
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| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
0 , < 0.29.0
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Date Public
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CVE-2026-93592 (GCVE-0-2026-93592)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 13:20 – Updated: 2026-09-18 18:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM before 0.28.0 Denial of Service via negative token ID
Summary
vLLM versions before 0.28.0 fail to validate the lower bound of token IDs in the /v1/embeddings and /pooling endpoints, allowing unauthenticated attackers to crash the engine by submitting negative token IDs. A single request with a negative token ID triggers a CUDA device-side assertion that poisons the GPU context, causing all subsequent requests to fail until the process restarts.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 18:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-129 - Improper Validation of Array Index
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vllm-before-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
0 , < 0.28.0
(semver)
Unaffected: 0.28.0 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-03 00:00
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Mitigation MIT-7
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
- Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, Ada allows the programmer to constrain the values of a variable and languages such as Java and Ruby will allow the programmer to handle exceptions when an out-of-bounds index is accessed.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When accessing a user-controlled array index, use a stringent range of values that are within the target array. Make sure that you do not allow negative values to be used. That is, verify the minimum as well as the maximum of the range of acceptable values.
Mitigation MIT-35
Implementation
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.