Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
12716 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2QGC-GR4Q-7MJQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-20 00:00
VLAI
Details
Out of bounds read for some Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi and Killer(TM) WiFi products may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23168"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-18T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out of bounds read for some Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi and Killer(TM) WiFi products may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via adjacent access.",
"id": "GHSA-2qgc-gr4q-7mjq",
"modified": "2022-08-20T00:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-08-19T00:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/04/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00621.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QH8-M26V-VCW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:21 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:21
VLAI
Details
In readBytes of xltdecwbxml.c, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an integer overflow. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-16680558.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9565"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-06T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In readBytes of xltdecwbxml.c, there is a possible out of bounds read due to an integer overflow. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-9. Android ID: A-16680558.",
"id": "GHSA-2qh8-m26v-vcw7",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:21:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9565"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-12-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106065"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QMJ-Q2XC-85V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-05 00:31
VLAI
Details
NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus have a vulnerability in the ngx_mail_smtp_module that might allow an unauthenticated attacker to over-read NGINX SMTP authentication process memory; as a result, the server side may leak arbitrary bytes sent in a request to the authentication server. This issue happens during the NGINX SMTP authentication process and requires the attacker to make preparations against the target system to extract the leaked data. The issue affects NGINX only if (1) it is built with the ngx_mail_smtp_module, (2) the smtp_auth directive is configured with method "none," and (3) the authentication server returns the "Auth-Wait" response header.
Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T15:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus have a vulnerability in the ngx_mail_smtp_module that might allow an unauthenticated attacker to over-read NGINX SMTP authentication process memory; as a result, the server side may leak arbitrary bytes sent in a request to the authentication server. This issue happens during the NGINX SMTP authentication process and requires the attacker to make preparations against the target system to extract the leaked data. The issue affects NGINX only if (1) it is built with the ngx_mail_smtp_module, (2) the smtp_auth directive is configured with method \"none,\" and (3) the authentication server returns the \"Auth-Wait\" response header.\n\n\n\n\nNote: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-2qmj-q2xc-85v8",
"modified": "2025-11-05T00:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000152786"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/08/13/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QMW-G869-R668
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-21 18:30
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds Read in Shelly Pro 3EM (before v1.4.4) allows Overread Buffers.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12056"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-19T07:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds Read in Shelly Pro 3EM\u00a0(before v1.4.4) allows Overread Buffers.",
"id": "GHSA-2qmw-g869-r668",
"modified": "2025-11-21T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-11-19T09:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-322-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2025-12056"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QP9-XR4X-2CR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-23 12:31
VLAI
Details
A heap-based out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the DNSSEC validation of dnsmasq allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted DNS packet.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4891"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T18:16:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A heap-based out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the DNSSEC validation of dnsmasq allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted DNS packet.",
"id": "GHSA-2qp9-xr4x-2cr9",
"modified": "2026-07-23T12:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T18:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/519082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/519093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19373"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20589"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34508"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:40762"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pi-hole/FTL/releases/tag/v6.6.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.thekelleys.org.uk/pipermail/dnsmasq-discuss/2026q2/018471.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-4891.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/CVE"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/471747"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QPQ-RM7R-M2PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:41 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:41
VLAI
Details
In LibSass 3.4.5, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function json_mkstream() in sass_context.cpp. A crafted input will lead to a remote denial of service attack.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-10687"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-29T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In LibSass 3.4.5, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function json_mkstream() in sass_context.cpp. A crafted input will lead to a remote denial of service attack.",
"id": "GHSA-2qpq-rm7r-m2pp",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:41:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:41:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-10687"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1466411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QPR-JH9P-XF8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-10 18:32 – Updated: 2025-06-10 18:32
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Storage Management Provider allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-33065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-10T17:22:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds read in Windows Storage Management Provider allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.",
"id": "GHSA-2qpr-jh9p-xf8p",
"modified": "2025-06-10T18:32:29Z",
"published": "2025-06-10T18:32:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-33065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-33065"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QV3-7VVV-5C37
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-02 06:31 – Updated: 2024-12-02 18:31
VLAI
Details
In cmdq, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09057438; Issue ID: MSV-1696.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-02T04:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In cmdq, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09057438; Issue ID: MSV-1696.",
"id": "GHSA-2qv3-7vvv-5c37",
"modified": "2024-12-02T18:31:55Z",
"published": "2024-12-02T06:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/December-2024"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QV3-H9C7-9QCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32
VLAI
Details
Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21257"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-2qv3-h9c7-9qcq",
"modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:03Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T18:32:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21257"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2QWG-3H4C-44RQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:18 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:18
VLAI
Details
Adobe Flash Player 30.0.0.134 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-08-29T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe Flash Player 30.0.0.134 and earlier have an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-2qwg-3h4c-44rq",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:18:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:18:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:2435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb18-25.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041448"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.