Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

12716 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-12996 (GCVE-0-2026-12996)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-30 16:38 – Updated: 2026-07-30 18:07
VLAI
Summary
A use-after-free in OpenVPN 2.6.0 through 2.6.20 and 2.7_alpha1 through 2.7.4 allows remote authenticated peers to potentially cause a denial of service or leak memory via crafted packets during TLS session promotion or expiry
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 18:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenVPN OpenVPN Affected: 2.6.0 , ≤ 2.6.20 (semver)
Affected: 2.7_alpha1 , ≤ 2.7.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12969 (GCVE-0-2026-12969)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 13:28 – Updated: 2026-08-31 11:48
VLAI
Title
Dnsmasq: dnsmasq: out-of-bounds read in find_soa() due to missing extrabytes validation
Summary
An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in dnsmasq's find_soa() function in src/rfc1035.c. When parsing NS section records, extract_name() is called with extrabytes=0, failing to validate that 10 additional bytes exist for fixed-length DNS record fields. A remote attacker controlling a DNS zone can exploit this via a crafted NXDOMAIN response to cause a 10-byte heap out-of-bounds read, potentially accessing stale data from prior transactions.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 15:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12969 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491663 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-10 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank dolitli for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12897 (GCVE-0-2026-12897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 17:47 – Updated: 2026-06-25 18:31
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds read in Horner Automation Cscape
Summary
Horner Automation Cscape versions prior to 10.2 SP3 are vulnerable to an Out-of-Bounds Read vulnerability through parsing CSP files. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to disclose information and execute arbitrary code.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 18:31 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Horner Automation Cscape Affected: 0 , < 10.2 SP3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Michael Heinzl reported this vulnerability to CISA.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12892 (GCVE-0-2026-12892)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:53 – Updated: 2026-09-10 17:22
VLAI
Title
Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer1-plugins-bad: 1-byte heap out-of-bounds read in h.264 nal extension slice parser
Summary
A flaw was found in GStreamer's gst-plugins-bad package. When processing a specially crafted H.264 video file containing malformed MVC or SVC extension slice NAL units, a 1-byte heap out-of-bounds read can occur during parsing. This happens when the parser attempts to check slice boundary information without first verifying that the NAL unit contains enough data beyond the extension header. An attacker could exploit this by tricking a user into opening a malicious H.264 video file, potentially causing the application to crash or leak a single byte of heap memory.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 13:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-22 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Ariba Afroz (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India), Dr. Faruk Kazi (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India), and Ramesh Adhikari (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India) for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12891 (GCVE-0-2026-12891)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 19:53 – Updated: 2026-09-10 17:23
VLAI
Title
Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gstreamer1-plugins-bad: global buffer overflow (oob read) in h.266/vvc vui parameter parser
Summary
A flaw was found in the GStreamer gst-plugins-bad package. When processing a malformed H.266/VVC video stream with a crafted aspect ratio indicator value, the H.266 parser performs an out-of-bounds read of up to 8 bytes from adjacent memory. This flaw allows an attacker to craft a malicious H.266 video file or stream that, when processed by a GStreamer-based application, could leak limited memory contents through video metadata, potentially exposing sensitive information from the application's address space.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 13:06 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
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Date Public
2026-06-23 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Dr. Faruk Kazi (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India) and Ramesh Adhikari (CoE-CNDS Lab, VJTI, Mumbai, India) for reporting this issue.
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CVE-2026-12632 (GCVE-0-2026-12632)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-18 20:55 – Updated: 2026-08-19 13:22
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds read in Zephyr PTP message parsing from unvalidated message type
Summary
Zephyr's Precision Time Protocol receive handler ptp_msg_post_recv() in subsys/net/lib/ptp/msg.c takes the 4-bit message type straight off the wire via ptp_msg_type() (msg->header.type_major_sdo_id & 0xF, range 0-15) and uses it to index the msg_size[] table. That table only defines entries up to PTP_MSG_MANAGEMENT (0xD), giving it ARRAY_SIZE == 14. Before the fix there was no upper-bound check, so the undefined types 0xE and 0xF indexed one or two int slots past the end of the array — an out-of-bounds read of adjacent read-only data. The out-of-bounds value is then reused as a length: it gates msg_size[type] > cnt, and when it is small or negative it makes cnt - msg_size[type] a large positive budget passed to msg_tlv_post_recv(), whose TLV loop then walks the message suffix past the received bytes, performing further out-of-bounds reads and in-place byte-swap writes on memory beyond the message slab. The defect is reached directly from the network: ptp_port_event_gen() in subsys/net/lib/ptp/port.c reads a PTP frame with ptp_transport_recv() and calls ptp_msg_post_recv() with the attacker-chosen type. PTP uses UDP multicast or raw Ethernet (0x88F7) and is unauthenticated, so any host on the same link can trigger the indexing on a CONFIG_PTP-enabled node with no preconditions. The reliably reproducible impact is a denial of service (fault/crash); a limited memory-corruption path exists but depends on the build-specific value adjacent to msg_size[], which the attacker cannot tune. The fix rejects type >= ARRAY_SIZE(msg_size) with -EBADMSG before any indexing.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-19 13:21 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zephyrproject zephyr Affected: 3.7.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-12630 (GCVE-0-2026-12630)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 16:18 – Updated: 2026-08-17 18:26
VLAI
Title
6LoWPAN IPHC uncompression out-of-bounds read on reserved destination addressing mode
Summary
Zephyr's 6LoWPAN IP Header Compression (IPHC) uncompression code contains an out-of-bounds read in get_ihpc_inlined_size() (subsys/net/ip/6lo.c). The destination inline size is looked up in da_inline_size_table, which has 13 entries, using an index built from the M, DAC and DAM bits of the received IPHC dispatch word (iphc & NET_6LO_IPHC_DA_MASK, a 4-bit value of 0-15). The reserved combinations 13, 14 and 15 are not bounds-checked and read past the end of the table. The iphc word is taken directly from the received frame, and get_ihpc_inlined_size() is reached on every inbound 6LoWPAN frame via net_6lo_uncompress() from the 802.15.4 receive path (subsys/net/l2/ieee802154/ieee802154_6lo.c and ieee802154_6lo_fragment.c). An unauthenticated attacker on the radio/adjacent link can therefore craft a frame whose destination addressing-mode nibble selects an out-of-range index, with no privileges or user interaction. The out-of-bounds value becomes the computed inline_size, which then drives header reconstruction before the buffer-length check: it is used to dereference *(pkt->buffer->data + sizeof(iphc) + inline_size) and to compute a size_t diff that can underflow, leading to a further out-of-bounds read of the packet buffer and malformed uncompression. The practical impact is a radio-triggerable out-of-bounds read / denial-of-service on the receiver; the leaked byte is not returned to the attacker. The fix rejects any destination index beyond the table, aborting processing of the malformed frame.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 18:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zephyrproject zephyr Affected: 2.0.0 , < 4.4.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12548 (GCVE-0-2026-12548)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-21 18:40 – Updated: 2026-07-23 14:19
VLAI
Title
Libsoup: heap out-of-bounds read in libsoup due to integer truncation
Summary
A heap out-of-bounds read flaw was found in libsoup. When parsing multipart HTTP messages, an integer type mismatch between the caller and soup_headers_parse() can cause the length parameter to be incorrectly truncated, leading to a heap buffer over-read. A remote attacker could use this flaw to crash an application using libsoup or potentially disclose heap memory contents.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-23 14:19 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-24 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank linhlhq (Yes We Hack) for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12478 (GCVE-0-2026-12478)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 09:26 – Updated: 2026-09-16 08:01
VLAI
Title
Libsoup: incomplete fix for cve-2026-0716: out-of-bounds read in libsoup websocket frame processing (unmasked path)
Summary
The fix for CVE-2026-0716 (commit 6ff7ef0, libsoup 3.6.6) placed the integer overflow guard inside the if (masked) block, leaving unmasked server-to-client frames unprotected. A malicious WebSocket server can send a crafted unmasked frame with a payload length near UINT64_MAX to trigger an OOB read in a libsoup-based client when max_incoming_payload_size is set to 0.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 14:42 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-04-27 00:00
Credits
Red Hat would like to thank Adel Bouachraoui and Gerard Capdevila for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-12340 (GCVE-0-2026-12340)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 19:36 – Updated: 2026-06-26 13:59
VLAI
Title
Out-of-bounds heap read in SM2/SM3 certificate Subject Key Identifier computation
Summary
Out-of-bounds heap read during SM2/SM3 certificate signature verification. When parsing a certificate with an SM3wSM2 signature, the Subject Key Identifier computation reads the trailing 65 bytes of the public key without checking that the key is at least that long. A public key shorter than 65 bytes results in an out-of-bounds heap read, leading to a potential crash (denial of service); there is no out-of-bounds write. Note this only affects builds with SM2 support (--enable-sm2 or --enable-all).
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-26 13:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
wolfSSL wolfSSL Affected: 5.6.4 , ≤ 5.9.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
David Pokora, Trail of Bits (in collaboration with Anthropic)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        "orgId": "50d2cd11-d01a-48ed-9441-5bfce9d63b27",
        "shortName": "wolfSSL"
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      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/10641"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.wolfssl.com/docs/security-vulnerabilities/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Out-of-bounds heap read in SM2/SM3 certificate Subject Key Identifier computation",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.2"
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "50d2cd11-d01a-48ed-9441-5bfce9d63b27",
    "assignerShortName": "wolfSSL",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-12340",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-25T19:36:21.468Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-15T16:30:26.001Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-26T13:59:21.953Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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