CVE-2026-45942 — ext4: fix e4b bitmap inconsistency reports

Affected: Linux

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ext4: fix e4b bitmap inconsistency reports

A bitmap inconsistency issue was observed during stress tests under mixed huge-page workloads. Ext4 reported multiple e4b bitmap check failures like:

ext4_mb_complex_scan_group:2508: group 350, 8179 free clusters as per group info. But got 8192 blocks

Analysis and experimentation confirmed that the issue is caused by a race condition between page migration and bitmap modification. Although this timing window is extremely narrow, it is still hit in practice:

folio_lock ext4_mb_load_buddy __migrate_folio check ref count folio_mc_copy __filemap_get_folio folio_try_get(folio) ...... mb_mark_used ext4_mb_unload_buddy __folio_migrate_mapping folio_ref_freeze folio_unlock

The root cause of this issue is that the fast path of load_buddy only increments the folio's reference count, which is insufficient to prevent concurrent folio migration. We observed that the folio migration process acquires the folio lock. Therefore, we can determine whether to take the fast path in load_buddy by checking the lock status. If the folio is locked, we opt for the slow path (which acquires the lock) to close this concurrency window.

Additionally, this change addresses the following issues:

When…

USN-8567-1 — linux, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-6.8, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-realtime, linux-realtime-6.8 vulnerabilities

Affected: Ubuntu:22.04:LTS: linux-gcp-6.8, Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:22.04:LTS: linux-realtime-6.8, Ubuntu:24.04:LTS: linux, Ubuntu:24.04:LTS: linux-gcp, Ubuntu:24.04:LTS: linux-gke, Ubuntu:24.04:LTS: linux-gkeop, Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS: linux-realtime

It was discovered that some AMD processors did not properly clear data in the floating point divider unit during speculative execution. A local attacker could use this to expose sensitive information. (CVE-2025-54505)

It was discovered that some AMD Zen 2 processors did not properly isolate shared resources in the operation cache. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to corrupt instructions executed at a higher privilege level, resulting in privilege escalation. (CVE-2025-54518)

It was discovered that some AMD Zen 5 processors supporting RDSEED instruction did not properly handle entropy, potentially resulting in the consumption of insufficiently random values. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to influence the values returned by the RDSEED instruction causing loss of confidentiality and integrity. (CVE-2025-62626)

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems: - ARM64 architecture; - RISC-V architecture; - S390 architecture; - x86 architecture; - Block layer subsystem; - Cryptographic API; - Compute Acceleration Framework; - ACPI drivers; - Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers; - Drivers core; - Power management core; - DRBD Distributed Replicated Block Device drivers; - Rados block device (RBD) driver; - Compressed RAM block device driver; - Bluetooth drivers; - Bus devices; - Charact…

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CVE-2026-45942 — ext4: fix e4b bitmap inconsistency reports

USN-8567-1 — linux, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-6.8, linux-gke, linux-gkeop, linux-realtime, linux-realtime-6.8 vulnerabilities