CVE-2026-41523 — vLLM: Security Check Bypass via assert Statement in Activation Function Loading Allows Arbitrary Code Execution

Affected: vllm-project vllm, Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2, Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3, Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4, Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.3, Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI 3.4, Red Hat AI Inference Server, Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)

vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.

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CVE-2026-41523 — vLLM: Security Check Bypass via assert Statement in Activation Function Loading Allows Arbitrary Code Execution