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      <title>CVE-2026-73556 — vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex in the lm-format-enforcer backend (no compile timeout) — missed sibling of CVE…</title>
      <link>https://cve.radiocsirt.org/vuln/cve-2026-73556</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; vllm-project vllm&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. Prior to 0.26.0, the structured_outputs.regex parameter in vllm/v1/structured_output/backend_lm_format_enforcer.py is passed to lmformatenforcer.RegexParser without compile_regex_with_timeout or validation in validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer, allowing an unauthenticated /v1/completions request against the lm-format-enforcer backend to consume a CPU core and stall the structured-output engine path with a catastrophic regular expression. This issue is fixed in version 0.26.0.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; vllm-project vllm&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models. Prior to 0.26.0, the structured_outputs.regex parameter in vllm/v1/structured_output/backend_lm_format_enforcer.py is passed to lmformatenforcer.RegexParser without compile_regex_with_timeout or validation in validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer, allowing an unauthenticated /v1/completions request against the lm-format-enforcer backend to consume a CPU core and stall the structured-output engine path with a catastrophic regular expression. This issue is fixed in version 0.26.0.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://cve.radiocsirt.org/vuln/cve-2026-73556</guid>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>GHSA-48jh-3gj7-fg8v — vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex in the lm-format-enforcer backend (no compile timeout) — missed sibling of GHS…</title>
      <link>https://cve.radiocsirt.org/vuln/ghsa-48jh-3gj7-fg8v</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: vllm&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Summary&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The fix for `GHSA-rwxx-mrjm-wc2m` (&amp;#34;ReDoS via `structured_outputs.regex` compiled without timeout&amp;#34;) wrapped the regex compile in the **xgrammar** and **outlines** backends with `compile_regex_with_timeout` (and, for outlines, `validate_regex_is_buildable`). The **lm-format-enforcer** backend was left unguarded: it compiles the attacker-supplied regex with no timeout and no buildability check. A single request with a catastrophic regex hangs the structured-output compile step and stalls the engine worker (denial of service).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Affected code (HEAD d6d39c1)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;`vllm/v1/structured_output/backend_lm_format_enforcer.py`:
- line 110: `character_level_parser = lmformatenforcer.RegexParser(grammar_spec)` — builds an `interegular` FSM from the attacker regex synchronously, **no timeout**.
- line 155: `validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer` returns immediately on `if so_params.regex:` — **no validation**.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sibling backends that WERE patched by GHSA-rwxx:
- `backend_xgrammar.py:92` → `compile_regex_with_timeout(...)`.
- `backend_outlines.py:65` → `compile_regex_with_timeout(...)` (plus `validate_regex_is_buildable`).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;lm-format-enforcer uses the same `interegular` DFA-construction primitive the advisory cites for the outlines backend.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Reproduction (runtime-verified against the sink)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The sink `lmformatenforcer.RegexParser(&amp;lt;regex&amp;gt;)` was exercised directly (this is exactly what the backend calls):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;```
baseline  &amp;#39;[0-9]{3}&amp;#39;          -&amp;gt; 0.0002 s
attacker…&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; PyPI: vllm&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Summary&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The fix for `GHSA-rwxx-mrjm-wc2m` (&amp;#34;ReDoS via `structured_outputs.regex` compiled without timeout&amp;#34;) wrapped the regex compile in the **xgrammar** and **outlines** backends with `compile_regex_with_timeout` (and, for outlines, `validate_regex_is_buildable`). The **lm-format-enforcer** backend was left unguarded: it compiles the attacker-supplied regex with no timeout and no buildability check. A single request with a catastrophic regex hangs the structured-output compile step and stalls the engine worker (denial of service).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Affected code (HEAD d6d39c1)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;`vllm/v1/structured_output/backend_lm_format_enforcer.py`:
- line 110: `character_level_parser = lmformatenforcer.RegexParser(grammar_spec)` — builds an `interegular` FSM from the attacker regex synchronously, **no timeout**.
- line 155: `validate_structured_output_request_lm_format_enforcer` returns immediately on `if so_params.regex:` — **no validation**.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sibling backends that WERE patched by GHSA-rwxx:
- `backend_xgrammar.py:92` → `compile_regex_with_timeout(...)`.
- `backend_outlines.py:65` → `compile_regex_with_timeout(...)` (plus `validate_regex_is_buildable`).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;lm-format-enforcer uses the same `interegular` DFA-construction primitive the advisory cites for the outlines backend.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Reproduction (runtime-verified against the sink)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The sink `lmformatenforcer.RegexParser(&amp;lt;regex&amp;gt;)` was exercised directly (this is exactly what the backend calls):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;```
baseline  &amp;#39;[0-9]{3}&amp;#39;          -&amp;gt; 0.0002 s
attacker…&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://cve.radiocsirt.org/vuln/ghsa-48jh-3gj7-fg8v</guid>
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