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    <lastBuildDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2026 01:13:13 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>CVE-2026-44687 — Off-by-one error in 'harden-below-nxdomain' logic can shadow a stub/forward zone by a legitimate parent's NXDOMAIN</title>
      <link>https://cve.radiocsirt.org/vuln/cve-2026-44687</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; NLnet Labs Unbound&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.13.2 up to and including 1.25.1, stub or forward zones where the name is below an intermediate labed below a DNSSEC signed zone could be shadowed by the intermediate label&amp;#39;s secure NXDOMAIN answer from the parent. This is caused by an off-by-one error in &amp;#39;harden-below-nxdomain&amp;#39; logic; enabled by default. It effectively bypasses the configuration and the configured stub/forward zone is never contacted. &amp;#39;harden-below-nxdomain&amp;#39; does an upward DNS cache walk together with a delegation point guard that does not allow NXDOMAIN synthesis above stub/forward zones. The guard tests the domain name but before stripping a label. This results in an iteration where the domain name equals the configured stub/forward zone apex that passes the guard, strips one more label, and probes the cache at the apex&amp;#39;s immediate public parent. If that parent has a cached DNSSEC-secure NXDOMAIN, which it will for any private namespace nested two or more labels under a signed public name, the walk returns it and the configured stub/forward upstream is never contacted. This can only be triggered by the query for the intermediate label (between the stub/forward apex and the DNSSEC parent zone).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; NLnet Labs Unbound&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.13.2 up to and including 1.25.1, stub or forward zones where the name is below an intermediate labed below a DNSSEC signed zone could be shadowed by the intermediate label&amp;#39;s secure NXDOMAIN answer from the parent. This is caused by an off-by-one error in &amp;#39;harden-below-nxdomain&amp;#39; logic; enabled by default. It effectively bypasses the configuration and the configured stub/forward zone is never contacted. &amp;#39;harden-below-nxdomain&amp;#39; does an upward DNS cache walk together with a delegation point guard that does not allow NXDOMAIN synthesis above stub/forward zones. The guard tests the domain name but before stripping a label. This results in an iteration where the domain name equals the configured stub/forward zone apex that passes the guard, strips one more label, and probes the cache at the apex&amp;#39;s immediate public parent. If that parent has a cached DNSSEC-secure NXDOMAIN, which it will for any private namespace nested two or more labels under a signed public name, the walk returns it and the configured stub/forward upstream is never contacted. This can only be triggered by the query for the intermediate label (between the stub/forward apex and the DNSSEC parent zone).&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
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