CVE-2025-38350 — net/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty

Affected: Linux, Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P, Siemens SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family, Siemens SCALANCE XCH328, Siemens SCALANCE XCM324, Siemens SCALANCE XCM328, Siemens SCALANCE XCM332, Siemens SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC), Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO), Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) and 10 more

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty

Certain classful qdiscs may invoke their classes' dequeue handler on an enqueue operation. This may unexpectedly empty the child qdisc and thus make an in-flight class passive via qlen_notify(). Most qdiscs do not expect such behaviour at this point in time and may re-activate the class eventually anyways which will lead to a use-after-free.

The referenced fix commit attempted to fix this behavior for the HFSC case by moving the backlog accounting around, though this turned out to be incomplete since the parent's parent may run into the issue too. The following reproducer demonstrates this use-after-free:

tc qdisc add dev lo root handle 1: drr tc filter add dev lo parent 1: basic classid 1:1 tc class add dev lo parent 1: classid 1:1 drr tc qdisc add dev lo parent 1:1 handle 2: hfsc def 1 tc class add dev lo parent 2: classid 2:1 hfsc rt m1 8 d 1 m2 0 tc qdisc add dev lo parent 2:1 handle 3: netem tc qdisc add dev lo parent 3:1 handle 4: blackhole

echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888 tc class delete dev lo classid 1:1 echo 1 | socat -u STDIN UDP4-DATAGRAM:127.0.0.1:8888

Since backlog accounting issues leading to a use-after-frees on stale class pointers is a recurring pattern at this point, this patch takes a different approach. Instead of trying to fix the accounting, the patch en…

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CVE-2025-38350 — net/sched: Always pass notifications when child class becomes empty