Affected: MervinPraison PraisonAI

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to 4.5.128, the /media-stream WebSocket endpoint in PraisonAI's call module accepts connections from any client without authentication or Twilio signature validation. Each connection opens an authenticated session to OpenAI's Realtime API using the server's API key. There are no limits on concurrent connections, message rate, or message size, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust server resources and drain the victim's OpenAI API credits. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.5.128.

Affected: PyPI: PraisonAI

## Summary

The `/media-stream` WebSocket endpoint in PraisonAI's call module accepts connections from any client without authentication or Twilio signature validation. Each connection opens an authenticated session to OpenAI's Realtime API using the server's API key. There are no limits on concurrent connections, message rate, or message size, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust server resources and drain the victim's OpenAI API credits.

## Details

The vulnerability exists in `src/praisonai/praisonai/api/call.py`. The FastAPI application defines a WebSocket endpoint at line 108 with no authentication middleware, no Twilio request signature validation, and no rate limiting:

```python # line 108-112 — no auth, no middleware, accepts any WebSocket client @app.websocket("/media-stream") async def handle_media_stream(websocket: WebSocket): """Handle WebSocket connections between Twilio and OpenAI.""" print("Client connected") await websocket.accept() ```

Immediately upon connection, the handler opens an authenticated session to OpenAI's paid Realtime API using the server's `OPENAI_API_KEY`:

```python # line 114-120 — each unauthenticated connection spawns a paid API session async with websockets.connect( 'wss://api.openai.com/v1/realtime?model=gpt-4o-realtime-preview-2024-10-01', extra_headers={ "Authorization": f"Bearer {OPENAI_API_KEY}", "OpenAI-Beta": "realtime=v1" } ) as openai_ws: ```

The…