On August 6, 2018, the Vulnerability Coordination team of the National Cyber Security Centre of Finland (NCSC-FI) and the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC) disclosed vulnerabilities in the TCP stacks that are used by the Linux and FreeBSD kernels. These vulnerabilities are publicly known as SegmentSmack. The vulnerabilities could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. An attack could be executed by using low transfer rates of TCP packets, unlike typical distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The vulnerabilities are due to inefficient TCP reassembly algorithms in the TCP stacks that are used by the affected kernels. Linux Kernel Versions 4.9 and later and all supported versions of the FreeBSD kernel are known to be affected by these vulnerabilities. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending a stream of packets that are designed to trigger the issue in an established TCP session with an affected device. A sustained DoS condition requires the attacker to maintain a continuous stream of malicious traffic. Due to the required use of an established session, an attack cannot be performed using spoofed IP addresses. This advisory is available at the following link: https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180824-linux-tcp ["https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180824-linux-tcp"]

One of the data structures that holds TCP segments in all versions of FreeBSD prior to 11.2-RELEASE-p1, 11.1-RELEASE-p12, and 10.4-RELEASE-p10 uses an inefficient algorithm to reassemble the data. This causes the CPU time spent on segment processing to grow linearly with the number of segments in the reassembly queue. An attacker who has the ability to send TCP traffic to a victim system can degrade the victim system's network performance and/or consume excessive CPU by exploiting the inefficiency of TCP reassembly handling, with relatively small bandwidth cost.

One of the data structures that holds TCP segments in all versions of FreeBSD prior to 11.2-RELEASE-p1, 11.1-RELEASE-p12, and 10.4-RELEASE-p10 uses an inefficient algorithm to reassemble the data. This causes the CPU time spent on segment processing to grow linearly with the number of segments in the reassembly queue. An attacker who has the ability to send TCP traffic to a victim system can degrade the victim system's network performance and/or consume excessive CPU by exploiting the inefficiency of TCP reassembly handling, with relatively small bandwidth cost.