CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
9394 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2H64-RQXH-72WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-03 06:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in emlog version Pro 2.3, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload to the bottom of the homepage in footer_info parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-31013"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-03T04:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in emlog version Pro 2.3, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload to the bottom of the homepage in footer_info parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-2h64-rqxh-72wj",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:36Z",
"published": "2024-04-03T06:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/emlog/emlog/issues/291"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H6C-R45X-R8W4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 06:20 – Updated: 2022-05-02 06:20Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 SP1 and SP2, 7, and 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka "Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-06-08T22:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 SP1 and SP2, 7, and 8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by accessing an object that (1) was not properly initialized or (2) is deleted, leading to memory corruption, aka \"Uninitialized Memory Corruption Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-2h6c-r45x-r8w4",
"modified": "2022-05-02T06:20:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T06:20:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2010/ms10-035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A7324"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/65215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.avaya.com/css/P8/documents/100089747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA10-159B.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2H6G-3HXF-G52R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:15 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:15Bajie HTTP JServer 0.78, and other versions before 0.80, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in an HTTP request for a CGI program that does not exist.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2001-0307"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2001-05-03T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Bajie HTTP JServer 0.78, and other versions before 0.80, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in an HTTP request for a CGI program that does not exist.",
"id": "GHSA-2h6g-3hxf-g52r",
"modified": "2022-04-30T18:15:49Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:15:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2001-0307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2001-02/0314.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.geocities.com/gzhangx/websrv/docs/security.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-2H86-2QR7-FR73
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:24Artica Pandora FMS version 7.0 is vulnerable to remote PHP code execution through the manager files function. This is only exploitable by administrators who upload a PHP file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-15935"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-27T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Artica Pandora FMS version 7.0 is vulnerable to remote PHP code execution through the manager files function. This is only exploitable by administrators who upload a PHP file.",
"id": "GHSA-2h86-2qr7-fr73",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:24:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:24:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-15935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/stolabs/security-issue-on-pandora-fms-enterprise-be630059a72d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2H9G-J24R-H63G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-03 18:38 – Updated: 2026-09-03 18:38Summary
Orval's zod schema generation emits the array-items default value as a module-level template literal (export const …Default =;) without escaping ${ or the backtick. A default of the form v${<code>}w injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import — no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.
Details
export const …Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import
Malicious input: an array property (string items) with a default of v${<attacker JS>}w. ${...} permits any JS expression.
Note: this is one of several default-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape default values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.
PoC
reproduce.sh (+ make_spec.py) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.
Impact
Code execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.
Suggested fix
Emit default values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and ${ if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every default position. maintainer-report.txt make_spec.pyreproduce.sh
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "orval"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.21.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-71869"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-1336",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-03T18:38:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-19T18:17:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nOrval\u0027s zod schema generation emits the **array-items** `default` value as a module-level template literal (`export const \u2026Default = `\u003cdefault\u003e`;`) without escaping `${` or the backtick. A default of the form `v${\u003ccode\u003e}w` injects a live JavaScript expression evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, executing attacker-controlled code at import \u2014 no request or function call needed. Verified on Orval 8.19.0; survives default OpenAPI validation.\n\n### Details\n\n```ts\nexport const \u2026Default = `v${globalThis.ORVPWN()}w`; // ${...} = arbitrary JS expression, runs at import\n```\n\nMalicious input: an array property (string items) with a `default` of `v${\u003cattacker JS\u003e}w`. `${...}` permits any JS expression.\n\nNote: this is one of several `default`-bearing positions that reach the same unescaped zod template-literal sink; a single fix (escape `default` values) closes all of them, and a CNA may choose to consolidate the related reports.\n\n### PoC\n\n`reproduce.sh` (+ `make_spec.py`) attached: generates the zod schema with default validation, bundles it, imports it, and shows a marker written at import. Verified on 8.19.0.\n\n### Impact\n\nCode execution at import in any application that imports a zod schema module generated from an attacker-controlled or attacker-influenced OpenAPI description.\n\n### Suggested fix\n\nEmit `default` values via a proper string-literal encoder (JSON.stringify, or escape backtick and `${` if a template literal must be used); never interpolate a spec value into a template literal. Apply to every `default` position. [maintainer-report.txt](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399151/maintainer-report.txt) [make_spec.py](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399152/make_spec.py)[reproduce.sh](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/29399153/reproduce.sh)",
"id": "GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g",
"modified": "2026-09-03T18:38:20Z",
"published": "2026-09-03T18:38:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71869"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -\u003e zod module-level template literal"
}
GHSA-2H9P-Q5RR-FVRP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-23 18:30 – Updated: 2025-09-23 18:30An authenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper input validation in the event processor admin service. A user with administrative access to the SOAP admin services can exploit this flaw by deploying a Siddhi execution plan containing malicious Java code, resulting in arbitrary code execution on the server.
Exploitation of this vulnerability requires a valid user account with administrative privileges, limiting the attack surface to authenticated but potentially malicious users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5717"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-23T16:15:33Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An authenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products due to improper input validation in the event processor admin service. A user with administrative access to the SOAP admin services can exploit this flaw by deploying a Siddhi execution plan containing malicious Java code, resulting in arbitrary code execution on the server.\n\nExploitation of this vulnerability requires a valid user account with administrative privileges, limiting the attack surface to authenticated but potentially malicious users.",
"id": "GHSA-2h9p-q5rr-fvrp",
"modified": "2025-09-23T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-09-23T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5717"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4119"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HG7-CRF6-4XP2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-23 18:31 – Updated: 2026-09-23 18:31orval before 8.29.0 fails to escape OpenAPI media-type keys when emitting them into single-quoted Content-Type string literals in generated code. Attackers can inject JavaScript through crafted media-type keys in OpenAPI specifications that executes when generated fetch operations or mock resolvers are invoked.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-96757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-23T17:17:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "orval before 8.29.0 fails to escape OpenAPI media-type keys when emitting them into single-quoted Content-Type string literals in generated code. Attackers can inject JavaScript through crafted media-type keys in OpenAPI specifications that executes when generated fetch operations or mock resolvers are invoked.",
"id": "GHSA-2hg7-crf6-4xp2",
"modified": "2026-09-23T18:31:57Z",
"published": "2026-09-23T18:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-4q3x-rqfw-3x8p"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-rcpr-mq4m-jx9j"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-96757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/4007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/43af282d62dca0ef3140023741fb768f6a718adb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/a2d4af59f3b167dc8a7a65d15f51cdb89ebe2fe5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/blob/v8.28.1/packages/fetch/src/index.ts#L584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/orval-before-8.29.0-code-injection-via-unescaped-openapi-media-type"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HGM-XVX6-W372
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-03 21:32 – Updated: 2025-04-04 18:30Netwrix Password Secure through 9.2 allows command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26818"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-03T20:15:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Netwrix Password Secure through 9.2 allows command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-2hgm-xvx6-w372",
"modified": "2025-04-04T18:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-04-03T21:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26818"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpcenter.netwrix.com/bundle/PasswordSecure_9.2_ReleaseNotes/resource/Netwrix_PasswordSecure_9.2_BugFixList.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netwrix.com/advisories/adv-2025-009"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HH4-C6PJ-8P6J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-18 15:31 – Updated: 2025-07-18 21:30An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /rsc/filemanager.rsc.class.php of Filemanager commit c75b914 v.2.5.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted SVG file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-18T15:15:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the component /rsc/filemanager.rsc.class.php of Filemanager commit c75b914 v.2.5.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted SVG file.",
"id": "GHSA-2hh4-c6pj-8p6j",
"modified": "2025-07-18T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-07-18T15:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simogeo/Filemanager/commit/c75b914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simogeo/Filemanager"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zakumini/CVE-List/blob/main/CVE-2025-46000/CVE-2025-46000.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2HJ6-CWHM-RFG9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-20 21:31 – Updated: 2024-09-23 18:30SEMCMS 4.8 is vulnerable to SQL Injection via SEMCMS_Main.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-46103"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-20T21:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "SEMCMS 4.8 is vulnerable to SQL Injection via SEMCMS_Main.php.",
"id": "GHSA-2hj6-cwhm-rfg9",
"modified": "2024-09-23T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-09-20T21:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/N0zoM1z0/MY-CVE/blob/main/CVE-2024-46103.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.